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通过实验研究斜面上二维颗粒流,当出口尺寸减小到临界值Dc时,发生稀疏流到密集流的突变.发现临界尺寸Dc与初始流量和通道宽度有关,通道宽度一定的情况下,临界开口尺寸Dc近似随初始流量Q0的平方根增大.在初始流量Q0一定时,临界开口尺寸Dc随通道宽度W近似线性增大.给出了这些关系的表达式,理论计算与实验观测结果一致.同时,也讨论了通道宽度影响临界开口尺寸的原因.
关键词:
颗粒物质
颗粒流 相似文献
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用实验和计算模拟的方法研究了颗粒流中的颗粒速度与颗粒流特性的关系.实验研究发现当入口流量固定时,在出口上方高速运动的颗粒会使颗粒流由稀疏流向密集流转变的临界出口尺寸变小.当颗粒流转变为密集流后,颗粒速度的作用被出口上方的颗粒堆积区所消耗,最终变得与颗粒速度无关.二维分子动力学模拟计算得到了与实验相同的结论.通过二维分子动力学模拟计算,还给出了不同颗粒速度下体系的密度和速率在空间的分布图.这些分布图显示随着颗粒到达出口上方的瞬间速度的不同,颗粒堆积区的密度和高度均会改变,并最终导致颗粒流流动状态的改变.
关键词:
颗粒流
颗粒气体
分子动力学模拟 相似文献
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用计算机模拟的方法研究了开口角度对二维颗粒流稀疏流—密集流转变的影响.在固定入口流量和固定颗粒数两种条件下,均发现当开口角度大于零时,开口角度的增大可以提高颗粒流由稀疏流向密集流转变的最大出口流量.在稀疏流状态下,出口流量与开口角度无关;而在密集流状态下,出口流量随开口角度的增大而增大.进一步的计算还发现增加开口角度可以提高颗粒流出开口的流动速度,且最大出口流量与颗粒的流动速度呈线性关系.
关键词:
颗粒物质
颗粒流
分子动力学模拟 相似文献
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通过用分子动力学方法对颗粒物质流的计算机模拟,研究发现增大通道宽度可以使二维颗粒流从稀疏流转变为密集流状态.通过对不同通道宽度下,固定开口为9.5d的颗粒流和 漏斗口以上9.5d×8d区域记录的模拟结果分析,发现随通道宽度增大,密度变大、温 度降低.当“颗粒温度”T较低时(T/m<0.05 J/kg),颗粒流内部接触数开始超过1.2 ,同时出现较为牢固的横向链状颗粒团簇,是造成流量突变以及密集流的原因.
关键词:
颗粒物质
颗粒流
计算机模拟 相似文献
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对于工程和实验中使用漏斗颗粒流而言,连续稳定的流量是必要的.当漏斗口较小时,很容易发生堵塞行为.堵塞现象对于交通流、疏散问题等也具有重要的意义.前人主要使用扰动的方法破坏漏斗中已有的堵塞,以便引起下一次堵塞,加快实验进程.本文利用自主开发的基于GPU(graphics processing unit)的密集颗粒流模拟程序,主要研究当三维漏斗开口打开后的第一次堵塞行为,不再引入扰动.详细讨论了漏斗开口尺寸、漏斗锥角等几何参数对坍塌规模的影响.发现对于坍塌规模的概率分布符合前人的研究结果,可以分为两部分:峰的左边呈幂函数上升形式,峰的右边呈指数衰减趋势.对于漏斗开口尺寸和漏斗锥角而言,均存在一个临界值使得堵塞不再发生. 相似文献
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【题目】(2006年全国高考理综卷Ⅰ第24题)一水平的浅色长传送带上放置一煤块(可视为质点),煤块与传送带之间的动摩擦因数为μ。初始时,传送带与煤块都是静止的,现让传送带以恒定的加速度a0开始运动,当其速度达到v0后,便以此速度做匀速运动,经过一段时间,煤块在传送带上留下了一段黑色痕迹后,煤块相对于传送带不再滑动,求此黑色痕迹的长度。 相似文献
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The dilute-to-dense transition of granular flow of particle size d(0) is studied experimentally in a two-dimensional channel (width D) with confined exit (width d). Our results show that with fixed d and D there is a maximum inflow rate Q(c) above which the flow changes from dilute to dense and the outflow rate
drops abruptly from Q(c) to a dense rate Q(d). A rescaled critical rate q(c) is found to be a function of a scaling variable lambda only: q(c) approximately F(lambda), where lambda identical with d/d(0) d/D-d. This form of lambda suggests that the dilute-to-dense transition is a global property of the flow, unlike the jamming transition which depends only on d/d(0). Furthermore, the transition is found to occur when the area fraction of particles near the exit exceeds a critical value which is close to 0.65+/-0.03. 相似文献
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When branching is suppressed, rapid cracks undergo a dynamic instability from a straight to an oscillatory path at a critical velocity v(c). In a systematic experimental study using a wide range of different brittle materials, we first show how the opening profiles of straight cracks scale with the size ?(nl) of the nonlinear zone surrounding a crack's tip. We then show, for all materials tested, that v(c) is both a fixed fraction of the shear speed and, moreover, that the instability wavelength is proportional to ?(nl). These findings directly verify recent theoretical predictions and suggest that the nonlinear zone is not passive, but rather is closely linked to rapid crack instabilities. 相似文献
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Whirl and whip instabilities in rotor-bearing system considering a nonlinear force model 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Helio Fiori de Castro Katia Lucchesi Cavalca Rainer Nordmann 《Journal of sound and vibration》2008,317(1-2):273-293
Linear models and synchronous response are generally adequate to describe and analyze rotors supported by hydrodynamic bearings. Hence, stiffness and damping coefficients can provide a good model for a wide range of situations. However, in some cases, this approach does not suffice to describe the dynamic behavior of the rotor-bearing system. Moreover, unstable motion occurs due to precessional orbits in the rotor-bearing system. This instability is called “oil whirl” or “oil whip”. The oil whirl phenomenon occurs when the journal bearings are lightly loaded and the shaft is whirling at a frequency close to one-half of rotor angular speed. When the angular speed of the rotor reaches approximately twice the natural frequency (first critical speed), the oil whip phenomenon occurs and remains even if the rotor angular speed increases. Its frequency and vibration mode correspond to the first critical speed. The main purpose of this paper is to validate a complete nonlinear solution to simulate the fluid-induced instability during run-up and run-down. A flexible rotor with a central disk under unbalanced excitation is modeled. A nonlinear hydrodynamic model is considered for short bearing and laminar flow. The effects of unbalance, journal-bearing parameters and rotor arrangement (vertical or horizontal) on the instability threshold are verified. The model simulations are compared with measurements at a real vertical power plant and a horizontal test rig. 相似文献
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本文发现在测量误差内颗粒物质的下列三个临界角度相等: 1)从直径为D的倾斜孔洞流出的Beverloo颗粒流的流量开始停止的临界倾角θc 向大孔径极限线性外推θc∞≡θc(D→∞) 的补角θs∞= 180°-θc∞;2) 从靠近堆顶的点源向光滑底板缓慢下落颗粒形成的圆锥形堆的休止角θr; 3) 直接剪切矩形颗粒固体测得的库仑内摩擦角φ. 该结果倾向支持倾斜孔洞和颗粒堆自由表面的固-液转变与颗粒固体内部的库仑屈服均来自材料的同一临界性质. 由于三种情况样品的内部应力和变形等都是目前还远不能定量分析的复杂非均匀分布, 我们仅从定性角度对此给出一些讨论. 相似文献