Sb系half-Heusler合金磁性及电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了Sb系half-Heusler合金XYSb(X=Ni,Pd,Pt;Y=Mn,Cr)的晶体结构、磁性及电子结构.计算结果表明,在平衡晶格常数下,合金NiMnSb为半金属,其他为金属.合金的总磁矩主要由Y元素自旋磁距贡献,随着元素X原子序数减小,费米能级移向自旋向下能带导带底;压缩使费米能级上移,远离Sb原子p能带,PtMnSb,PdMnSb与NiCrSb在压应力下可实现金属—磁性半金属转变. 关键词： 第一性原理 磁性 电子结构 金属—磁性半金属转变     

Nb-X(X=Y,Zr)共掺杂SnO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理方法研究了Nb-X(X=Y,Zr)共掺杂SnO_2能带结构与态密度,探讨了其磁性产生的机理.研究结果表明,Nb-Y共掺杂SnO_2体系自旋向上和自旋向下的能带、态密度完全对称,总磁矩为0μB;Nb-Zr共掺杂的SnO_2体系自旋向上和自旋向下的能带与态密度在费米能级处都出现了不对称的情况,出现耦合现象,其总磁矩为0.933μB;分析Nb-Y共掺杂SnO_2的能带结构与态密度得到自旋向上和自旋向下的能带禁带中的4条杂质能级来源于Nb-Y共掺杂SnO_2电子的施主与受主能级;NbZr共掺杂SnO_2体系产生磁性的原因在于Nb和Zr的d轨道的引入.     

钴铝共掺3C-SiC电子结构和磁性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,分别计算了不同Co原子比例单掺杂、Al原子单掺杂和Co-Al共掺杂3C-SiC的电子结构和磁性参数.结果表明:随着掺杂Co原子比例的增大,单个Co原子对体系总磁矩贡献的平均值反而减小.由电子态密度分析掺杂3C-SiC体系中的磁性来源,主要是由Co-3d以及Co原子附近的C-2p电子轨道的自旋极化产生的. Al单掺3C-SiC时体系中每个原子的平均磁矩和体系总磁矩均为0,即Al单掺杂体系不具有磁性.而Co-Al共掺杂得到的体系总磁矩比单掺等量Co时要大约0. 09μB,即Co-3d与Al-3p电子轨道发生轨道杂化,使得Co-Al共掺杂可以增大Co原子对体系总磁矩的贡献.     

Cr掺杂ZnO纳米线的电子结构和磁性

采用自旋极化密度泛函理论系统研究了Cr掺杂ZnO纳米线的电学、磁学以及光学属性.计算结果显示,Cr原子沿[0001]方向替代ZnO纳米线中的Zn原子时体系一般呈现铁磁耦合,沿[1010]和[0110]方向替代Zn原子时体系呈现反铁磁耦合,且磁性耦合状态在费米能级附近出现了明显的自旋劈裂现象,发生了强烈的Cr 3d和O 2p杂化效应.自旋态密度计算结果显示,磁矩主要来源于Cr原子未成对3d态电子的贡献,磁矩的大小与Cr原子的电子排布有关.光学性质计算结果显示,Cr掺杂ZnO纳米线在远紫外和近紫外都具有明显的吸收峰,吸收峰发生了明显的红移.这些结果都表明Cr掺杂ZnO纳米线也许是一种很有前途的稀磁半导体材料. 关键词： ZnO 纳米线 第一性原理 磁性     

应力下MnGa合金体电子性质及磁性质的研究

采用密度泛函理论方法系统研究分析了四方结构MnGa合金体在a轴1GPa应力下的结构、形成、电子性质和磁性质.结果表明,应力下MnGa合金a, b轴晶格参数增大,c轴晶格参数减小,三轴夹角有偏离90°的趋势,晶胞体积增大. Mn-Ga不成键,Mn-Mn之间的强键作用进一步增强,Ga-Ga之间的强键作用消失. Mn-Mn结合键长和Ga-Ga结合键长均减小,而Mn-Ga间距增大,排斥作用减弱.应力下MnGa合金形成焓由-4.85 eV减小到-5.4 eV,其更容易生成.应力下其能带整体向下移动,导带和浅能级价带分布较宽,有效质量较小;深能级价带分布较窄,有效质量较大.自旋向下的电子能带没有带隙,自旋向上的电子能带有0.26 eV的间接带隙. s电子和p电子主要形成导带和浅能级价带,自旋极化较弱,d电子主要形成深能级价带,定域性和自旋极化最强.两种占位的Ga具有近乎相同的电子形态,Ga的s电子和Ga的p电子产生较明显的自旋极化,形成弱的磁性,Ga的d电子主要贡献深能级处的态密度,基本不贡献磁性质.两种占位的Mn主要贡献费米能处的态密度,Mn的d电子自旋极化最强,在费米能级下方Mn1自旋向下的电...     

六方氮化硼单层有序缺陷和无序缺陷体系几何结构、电子结构和磁性性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,系统研究了12×12的六方氮化硼单层(h-BNS)有序缺陷和无序缺陷对体系几何结构、电子结构和磁性性质的影响,并与理想的h-BNS、一个B原子缺陷体系(V_B)、一个N原子缺陷体系(V_N)进行对比.研究发现:缺陷周围原子位置发生明显改变;硼原子缺陷体系的费米能级向下移动而氮原子缺陷体系的费米能级向上移动,并且硼原子缺陷体系费米能级的相对移动比氮原子缺陷体系费米能级的相对移动大;h-BNS本身没有磁矩,但缺陷体系都有磁矩,其中V_B和V_N体系的总磁矩为1μB,其余的有序和无序缺陷体系的总磁矩也都不为零且B原子缺陷体系的总磁矩明显大于N原子缺陷体系的总磁矩.     

六方氮化硼单层有序缺陷和无序缺陷体系几何结构、电子结构和磁性性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,系统研究了12×12的六方氮化硼单层(h-BNS)有序缺陷和无序缺陷对体系几何结构、电子结构和磁性性质的影响,并与理想的h-BNS、一个B原子缺陷体系(VB)、一个N原子缺陷体系(VN)进行比较. 研究发现：缺陷周围原子位置发生明显改变;硼原子缺陷体系的费米能级向下移动而氮原子缺陷体系的费米能级向上移动,并且硼原子缺陷体系费米能级的相对移动比氮原子缺陷体系费米能级的相对移动大;h-BNS本身没有磁矩,但缺陷体系都有磁矩,其中VB 和VN体系的总磁矩为1μB,其余的有序和无序缺陷体系的总磁矩也都不为零且B原子缺陷体系的总磁矩明显大于N原子缺陷体系的总磁矩。     

Mg2Si:Fe 电子结构及磁性的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法研究了Mg_2Si:Fe体系的电子能带结构、态密度和磁性.结果表明:掺入的Fe原子优先占据晶格中的空隙位,也可能代替晶格中的Mg位.从能带结构和态密度可以看出,当Fe原子位于晶格中空隙位时,系统显示出金属性;当Fe占据Mg位置时,对于自旋向上电子态,体系有一带隙存在,系统呈现明显的半导体特性;对于自旋向下电子态,Fe的替位掺杂在该体系内引入新的杂质能级,杂质能级与导带价带分离,且100%自旋极化.两种位置的杂质,上自旋电子和下自旋电子的态密度均明显不对称,诱导出铁磁性,且铁磁性主要由于Fe的3d态电子诱导产生.Fe位于空隙位时,Fe原子的磁矩为1.69μB;Fe占据Mg位时,Fe原子的磁矩为1.38μB,说明原子磁矩与其所占位置和配位情况有关.     

六方氮化硼单层有序缺陷和无序缺陷体系几何结构、电子结构和磁性性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算方法,系统研究了12×12的六方氮化硼单层(h-BNS)有序缺陷和无序缺陷对体系几何结构、电子结构和磁性性质的影响,并与理想的h-BNS、一个B原子缺陷体系(VB)、一个N原子缺陷体系(VN)进行比较. 研究发现：缺陷周围原子位置发生明显改变;硼原子缺陷体系的费米能级向下移动而氮原子缺陷体系的费米能级向上移动,并且硼原子缺陷体系费米能级的相对移动比氮原子缺陷体系费米能级的相对移动大;h-BNS本身没有磁矩,但缺陷体系都有磁矩,其中VB 和VN体系的总磁矩为1μB,其余的有序和无序缺陷体系的总磁矩也都不为零且B原子缺陷体系的总磁矩明显大于N原子缺陷体系的总磁矩。     

5d过渡金属原子吸附氮化硼纳米管的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,研究了氮化硼纳米管六元环中心吸附5d过渡金属原子后体系的几何结构,电子结构和磁性性质.研究发现,吸附原子向一个氮原子或硼原子偏移;吸附体系在费米能级附近出现明显的杂质能级;各个体系的总磁矩随原子序数出现规律性变化,局域磁矩主要分布在吸附原子上.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。