利用自混合干涉效应的条纹计数法对扬声器振动特性的实验研究(英文)

基于半导体激光器的自混合干涉效应，通过实验研究了扬声器的振动特性。实验中，用粘在扬声器振膜上的反射镜作为目标物体（该反射镜的反射率为95％，扬声器用50Hz的正弦波驱动）,然后通过条纹计数法获得扬声器的振幅。实验结果表明，在一定范围内，扬声器的振幅与驱动电压呈线性关系。该实验装置极其简单紧凑，自混合干涉信号也十分清晰，实验方法迅速，价格低廉，易实现，而且不需要专用电源，也不需要其他的光学仪器，这一系列优点充分表明自混合干涉技术在振动测量领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

对力学非线性和磁场非线性综合作用下扬声器低频跳变的探讨

力学非线性和磁场非线性是扬声器非线性现象的两个因素。本文分析了仅力学非线性的扬声器低频振动方程的临界跳变条件，采用等效线性化法讨论了磁场非线性对扬声器跳变的影响。证实了抑制扬声器跳变的有效途径是增大电磁耦合因子B1。     

平板扬声器用于结构声有源噪声控制实验研究

对NXT技术的分布式平板扬声器和集中参数扬声器的频响和指向性等进行了对比测量，通过对组合平板扬声器的声场研究及有源消声实验，证明了平板扬声器用于有源噪声控制的可行性。综合平板扬声器和集中参数扬声器的物理特点和声场特性，根据基于平面声源有源噪声控制的已有的理论研究结果和本文的实验结果，可以认为，NXT平板扬声器适合作有源噪声控制的次级源，有利于有源噪声控制的工程推广应用。     

应用数字技术测量扬声器的特性

扬声器的主要特性是灵敏度频率响应,习惯上指幅度频率特性。通常是在消声室内用正弦信号扫描方法测量。扬声器的测量技术从50年代以来进展缓慢。考虑到语言和音乐本质上是一种瞬态信号,因此一度建议使用猝发声、阶梯波和脉冲来测量扬声器的响应。但是在使用模拟式测量设备时,脉冲的能量很小,使信噪比很低,数据分析也有困难,使它们无法实用。最近,数字计算机的应用,快速傅里叶变换的出现,使一种测量扬声器脉冲响应再计算其转移函数的新方法获得了实际应用。它不但用于扬声器的设计和研制,也已应用于生产中。     

扬声器的特性不匹配对虚拟声像的影响

本文从理论和实验上探讨了扬声器的特性不匹配对重放虚拟声像的影响。结果表明,用两扬声器进行虚拟听觉重放时,在某些频率段和虚拟声像角度,两扬声器间很小的幅频特性差异或相频特性差异都足以对虚拟声像方向产生明显的影响。扬声器特性的差异对前方范围的声像影响较小,但对侧向范围的声像影响较大,因而两扬声器的特性不匹配也是导致虚拟听觉重放时侧向声像位置畸变的重要原因之一。而在实际应用中要特别注意两扬声器的特性匹配,或者要用信号处理的方法对两扬声器的特性进行校正。     

我国首张“5.1声道DVD质量样板试机碟(第一版)”出版发行

我国是DVD播放机和家庭影院放大器、扬声器系统的生产和消费大国。据有关行业协会统计,我国国产DVD播放机一年的销量达到3000万台,各种大大小小的国产家庭影院放大器超过700万台,国产扬声器系统则达1000万套以上,加上在我国销售的外国产品,我国消费者购买的数量则更为可观。     

扬声器中涡流的热效应

通过分析和比较两种扬声器涡流电学模型和两种扬声器热模型，提出一种分频段的非线性热模型类比线路，给出了对应的音圈稳态温度公式，并在高频段运用逐点测温的方法研究，论证了扬声器涡流随频率变化的规律及其对扬声器热效应的影响。     

人工头制式录声用扬声器重发

人工头制式录声技术的概念是众所周知的。但技术上必须用耳机重放。如果用扬声器重发,由于串扰使立体声效果损坏。串扰是指右耳听右扬声器的声音时也听到左扬声器的声音,反之左耳也如此。数字信号处理技术提供了可以加入人工串扰以抵消自然串扰的前景,从而保存用耳机重放所具有的立体声效果,如图1所示,其中X_l和X_r表示在两耳鼓膜处重发声压的两通路信号,下标l和r分别相应于左、右耳;Y_l和Y_4是输入扬声器的信号;Z_l和Z_r为用扬声器重发时耳膜处声压。H表示由Z到Z的转移函数。因此     

高保真立体声系统(Ⅱ)

扬声器和扬声器系统 扬声器是将电信号转变为声信号并向空间辐射声波的部件.两只或多只扬声器和必需的扬声器箱、分频网络、衰减器等的组合称为扬声器系统.这时其中单只扬声器就称为扬声器单元.迄今为止,扬声器或扬声器系统仍然是高保真立体声系统中音质最不完善的环节.由于扬声器的品种很多,音质又涉及主观感觉,因此还没有明确的评价标准.但是人们只要把大口     

扬声器的优化设计

基于有限元法发展了扬声器的计算机辅助设计，由此分析了扬声器的振动特征，讨论了各参数对扬声器振动及声辐射的影响，最后地其声压频响的优化措施作了探讨。     

扬声器锥壳的全频段强迫振动解

解析和数值研究了扬声器锥壳全频段的轴对称强迫振动。给出了典型低频段、典型转点频段和典型高频段的显式位移解析解、特征频率方程和轴向导纳表达式。解析结果与数值计算和实验结果结果非常吻合。在典型低频段,振动完全是纵波型的。在典型转点频段,全域的纵波运动和转点外侧域的横波运动共存,谐振和反谐振频率方程相应呈现出无矩解和弯曲解的耦合特性。在典型高频段,全域的纵波运动和横波运动互相独立,相应出现2组独立的纵波和横波固有频率。      

An analytical model for a dodecahedron loudspeaker applied to the design of omni-directional loudspeaker arrays

The dodecahedron (12 sided) loudspeaker is used extensively for acoustic measurements as an approximation to an omni-directional sound source, for example in building acoustics and automotive applications. In many instances its use is favoured above other omni-directional source approximations e.g. open pipe because of its greater power. However, analysis by other authors has shown that the radiation deviates from omni-directional above a certain frequency. In this paper an analytical model of the sound pressure field generated by a dodecahedron loudspeaker is constructed. The sound pressure field generated by the model is then compared with measured data and good agreement is demonstrated. Having established and validated the model, it is adapted to form alternative spherical loudspeaker arrays based on Platonic and Archimedean solid geometry and also a number of spherical packing routines. The aim of the analysis is to determine the optimal geometry for an omni-directional source using pistonic loudspeakers.The analysis shows that constructive interference of the pressure field across the spherical baffle surface and not individual loudspeaker pistonic radiation characteristics is the most significant factor with respect to deviations from omni-directional radiation for a complete spherical array. Consequently, loudspeaker elements which physically occupy the spherical baffle surface to their maximum extent provide the most extended frequency range of omni-directional operation. The most optimal spherical array distribution is shown to be the dodecahedron.     

扬声器锥壳的全频段振动通解

为更好地理解扬声器数值计算结果,解析研究了扬声器锥壳轴对称振动在整个工作频段一致有效的通解,这些解以特殊函数的形式给出。在典型低频段,弯曲解仅表现为边界层效应;在典型转点频段,弯曲解存在于转点的外侧域;在典型高频段,弯曲解覆盖了整个扬声器锥壳。无矩解和弯曲解在转点频段是耦合的,该耦合特性表明在此频段不可能消除分割振动。      

扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳的谐波失真

研究了扬声器辐射体旋转薄壳几何非线性引起的谐波失真。采用摄动法和有限元法确定了2次和3次谐波振型,计算了薄壳材料参数和几何参数对谐波失真的影响。结果表明扬声器薄壳谐波失真的机制是分割振动模态的基波共振和超谐波共振,以基波共振为主。采用高阻尼、大杨氏模量和低密度的振膜材料可以降低振膜谐波失真;厚度对谐波失真的峰值影响不大;锥壳半顶角过大,可使3次谐波明显增大。      

PVDF-driven flexible and transparent loudspeaker

A flexible and transparent loudspeaker driven by piezoelectric polymer was proposed. The core structure was an assemblage of a flexible plastic film with piezoelectric polymer pasted over the whole surface. We fabricated a prototype loudspeaker using polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), and it had flexibility and transparency. Its acoustic characteristics and surface vibration mode were investigated. The investigation yielded low distortion characteristics in comparison with those of a loudspeaker made only of PVDF, and its advantages originated from the use of the plastic film as a diaphragm.     

Near-field characteristics of the parametric loudspeaker using ultrasonic transducers

A parametric speaker is a device for generating and focusing highly directional sound beams. It is essentially a by-product that comes with the nonlinearity of ultrasound. It is noteworthy that this directional beam was controlled and utilized mostly for far-field applications in the past. We empirically study the directivity and attenuation characteristics of the parametric loudspeaker in the near-field where we desire to use it. Physical parameters for experiments are imported from a theoretical model based on the far-field approximation. The findings are that increases in aperture size and modulation frequency cause higher directivity, but have more than twice the beamwidth of the far-field approximation. The attenuation also does not obey the inverse-square law which describes far-field spreading from acoustic sources. The results conclusively explain a series of formation and attenuation of the virtual sound sources and define limitations of use in the near-field.     

使用噪声整形的多比特数字扬声器系统

本文讨论了ＰＣＭ数字式换能器的特点，采用了过采样和噪声整形技术对比特数字扬声器系统进行改进，给出了计算机模拟结果。     

Analysis and prediction of loudspeaker large-signal symptoms

Nonlinear lumped-parameter force factor Bl(x), stiffness K _ms(x) and inductance L _e(x) of electrodynamic loudspeakers change frequency responses and generate some nonlinear effects for large stimulus: harmonic and intermodulation distortion, DC component in diaphragm displacement, instability of vibration and jumping effects. By modeling the nonlinear system under large-signal conditions, relationship between the nonlinear parameters and large-signal behavior can be revealed and help to provide guidance to diagnose loudspeakers. Agreement between the measured and predicted responses of a real loudspeaker validates the modeling and enables new methods for loudspeaker diagnosis.