分子筛在真空低温下水汽吸附脱附性实验研究

空间遥感仪器红外通道的信号衰减,入轨初期的主要原因是由于材料释放的水汽在低温光学窗口表面沉积,导致红外透射率降低所致。主动吸附是控制低温沉积污染的措施之一。分子筛对包括水汽在内的多种污染物具有良好的吸附作用,可以作为控制污染物的吸附材料。目前对于分子筛吸附特性的研究集中在常压环境。通过试验测试了13x型分子筛在高真空低温环境下,对水汽的吸附特性。     

微重力条件下材料气相生长研究进展

本文概述了近二十多年来国外空间气相生长晶体材料及薄膜材料研究工作的进展状况．着重介绍了国外空间气相生长研究的历史过程、研究的主要内容及所采取的研究手段，详细地总结了关于空间气相生长的主要飞行结果，并对国外如何进行数值模拟和实验室模拟等地面准备工作做了较充分的描述．     

微重力条件下材料气相生长研究进展

本文概述了近二十多年来国外空间气相生长晶体材料及薄膜材料研究工作的进展状况．着重介绍了国外空间气相生长研究的历史过程、研究的主要内容及所采取的研究手段,详细地总结了关于空间气相生长的主要飞行结果,并对国外如何进行数值模拟和实验室模拟等地面准备工作做了较充分的描述．     

自冷却式吸附冷藏容器的设计及性能实验研究

在冷链市场需求日益增长的背景下,针对目前冷链物流中食品安全保障较低的问题,研发出一种自冷却式吸附冷藏容器,该容器具有制冷时无能源驱动,结构简单,绿色环保,可反复循环使用的特点。性能实验结果表明:对容器进行2 h、300℃的加热脱附再生后,在吸附制冷实验时,经过1 h 32 min的制冷时间,能将10 L水的温度从25℃降到2.34℃,且能维持水温在10℃以下超过20 h。     

爆轰裂解法制备纳米石墨粉的吸附性能研究

在酸含量不同的原材料中,通过爆轰的方法制备纳米石墨粉,并利用BET方程以及BJH方法对所得纳米石墨粉进行比表面积和孔径分布分析。分析结果表明,所得爆轰产物中有的比表面积大致为天然鳞片石墨的5.3~9.2倍,而且随酸含量的增大逐渐增大,产物的等温线中存在吸附滞后现象。其中,增大的比表面积主要由分布在3 nm至7 nm之间的孔引起的,而且在爆轰后,孔径4 nm左右的孔,其数量达到最大值。通过对纳米石墨粉的研究,分析了酸在爆轰过程中的积极作用,并为纳米石墨粉的进一步应用提供了结构信息。     

暂态热重法分析混合导电材料YBa2Cu3O7-δ的透氧性能

用暂态热重法研究了 YBa2 Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)粉末在不同的温度下 N2 → O2 → N2 交变气流中的吸氧、脱氧过程 ,估算了其在不同温度下的氧吸附速率、氧脱附速率。结果表明 ,YBCO对氧有强烈的选择吸附性 ,并且其吸氧、脱氧过程是可逆的 ,氧吸附过程较迅速 ,而氧脱附过程则较缓慢 ;氧吸附或氧脱附过程在开始阶段是表面扩散 ,以后主要是体扩散。     

芦苇秆粉末的热脱附-气相色谱/质谱分析

采用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联机技术（TD-GC/MS）分析了芦苇杆粉末在不同环境温度下的挥发物释放行为。结果表明：芦苇杆粉末在40℃及160℃的挥发物中,主要有益成分分别为主要有害成分的4.43倍和5.13倍,环境友好性良好;在60℃及90℃的挥发物中,主要有益成分比例也比主要有害成分高,90℃时的有益成分为有害成分的2.45倍,环境友好性较好。以芦苇杆粉末为基材,在木质素软化温度点和木质材料碳化温度点之间（150—180℃）实施高压无胶模塑成形工艺制备木质粉末基复合材料必将体现出良好的环境友好性。     

爆轰裂解法制备纳米石墨粉的吸附性能研究(英文)

在酸含量不同的原材料中,通过爆轰的方法制备纳米石墨粉,并利用BET方程以及BJ H方法对所得纳米石墨粉进行比表面积和孔径分布分析。分析结果表明,所得爆轰产物中有的比表面积大致为天然鳞片石墨的5.3~9.2倍,而且随酸含量的增大逐渐增大,产物的等温线中存在吸附滞后现象。其中,增大的比表面积主要由分布在3 nm至7 nm之间的孔引起的,而且在爆轰后,孔径4 nm左右的孔,其数量达到最大值。通过对纳米石墨粉的研究,分析了酸在爆轰过程中的积极作用,并为纳米石墨粉的进一步应用提供了结构信息。     

等离子体化学气相沉积的实验与理论研究

对等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)过程进行了实验和理论研究,实验结果表明:实验条件和等离子体参数在PCVD过程中相互关联,等离子体参数直接影响PCVD过程,在此实验结果的基础上建立了一个二元动力学模型,假设PCVD过程是由等离子体参数决定,考虑了活性粒子与反应单体的扩散与对流.计算中使用了实际测量的电子参数.理论与实验结果基本符合.关键词：     

钨中氢同位素热脱附实验的速率理论模拟研究

本文采用基于速率理论的模拟方法研究钨材料中氢同位素氘的热脱附谱. 热脱附数据来源于520 K下受等离子体辐照的多晶钨, 入射离子能量为40 eV, 剂量为1× 10²⁶ D/m². 通过调节速率理论中的俘获能、俘获率等参数, 最终获得与实验相符合的热脱附拟合谱. 拟合结果表明, 钨中俘获的氘存在于三种俘获态, 俘获能分别为1.14 eV, 1.40 eV和1.70 eV, 相应脱附温度峰值为500 K, 600 K和730 K. 这三个俘获能分别应对应于第一原理计算得到的空位俘获第3–5个氢原子的俘获能(含零点振动能修正)、空位俘获第1–2个氢原子的俘获能, 空位团簇对氢原子的俘获能. 模拟结果表明, 在本辐照实验条件下, 钨中空位及空位团簇是氘在钨中的主要俘获态.     

常压下金催化硅纳米线生长实验研究

采用固一液一固（SLS）生长机制,研究常压下金催化硅纳米线的制备方法。实验中将硅基Au薄膜在氩氢气中退火,退火温度为1050℃和1080℃,退火完成后在扫描电镜下观察硅片表面的形貌变化,分析不同退火温度、通气量和金膜厚度下的实验结果,并在此基础上进一步讨论了各变量对硅纳米线的生长影响及其机理。     

Escape and Stand of the Pluto Atmosphere

Molar mass μmin of the lightest gas, which will exist “forever“ in the atmosphere at the planet surface,can be evaluated by Jeans rule. The μmin of Pluto is 17.3 g@ mol-1. It is evident that both N2 and CO can be major atmospheric composition at the Pluto surface, and will exist “forever“. CH4 can only be escaping slowly from Pluto atmosphere, and still holds quite a proportion in current Pluto atmosphere. However, it will not escape from Titan (or Jupiter, Saturn) atmosphere largely, and will exist “forever“. Given the quantitylevelof partial pressure of CH4 in Pluto and Titan (or Jupiter, Saturn) original atmosphere is the same, it will be clear that the current partial pressure of CH4 in Pluto surface atmosphere is 10-3 Pa.     

热脱附和气-质联用测定卷烟包装材料中的酞酸酯

建立热脱附-气相色谱-质谱的方法对卷烟包装材料中的酞酸酯(邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯和邻苯二甲酸正丁正辛酯)进行测定,采用正交实验优化了热脱附条件,优化条件为卷烟包装材料在100℃的热脱附系统(TDS)中热脱附4min,目标物随流量为50mL/min的载气进入-50℃的冷进样系统(CIS4)中冷却,脱附结束后CIS4升温至200℃将目标物挥发进入GC-MS中进行分离和鉴定.采用外标法进行定量,所得校准曲线的线性关系良好,4种酞酸酯在100℃时脱附2min的加标平均回收率范围为80%-90%,相对标准偏差分别为2.07%、3.57%、2.21%和6.38%.该方法样品用量少,前处理简单,重现性较好,可用于卷烟包装材料中酞酸酯的同时测定.     

吸附/热解吸/气相色谱法测定环境空气中的丙烯酸甲酯

用ＴｅｎａｘＧＣ吸附环境空气中的丙烯酸甲酯,热解吸／气相色谱法测定,方法的回收率为８７．４％－１０８．９％,相对标准偏差为４．７％－６．３％,当采样体积２Ｌ时,最低检测质量浓度为０．０１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

减压氩气环境下激光显微光谱分析再现性和灵敏度的研究

以金属合金光谱分析标样为样品,采用激光显微发射光谱分析系统在减压氩气环境下,实验研究了光谱分析再现性和灵敏度。以原子线作为分析线的RSD减压氩气环境好于常压空气环境,以离子线作为分析线的RSD基本相同,样品的组成和元素的浓度对分析线的RSD有较大的影响。测定的铝合金样品Cu,Zn,Mg浓度曲线斜率是空气环境下的1．5－2倍,表明分析灵敏度得到明显改善,有利于激光显微光谱分析范围的扩展。     

Studies on adsorptions of metallic ions in water by zirconium glyphosate (ZrGP): Behaviors and mechanisms

A new adsorbent named zirconium glyphosate [Zr(O₃PCH₂NHCH₂COOH)₂·0.5H₂O, denoted as ZrGP] and its selective adsorptions to Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions in water were reported in this paper. Compared to other zirconium adsorbents, such as zirconium phosphate [Zr(HPO₄)₂], ZrGP exhibited highly selective adsorption to Pb²⁺ in solution which contained Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions. The loaded ZrGP with metallic ions can be efficaciously regenerated by aqueous solution of HCl (1.0 M) without any noticeable capacity loss, and almost all of it can be reused and recycled. The memory effect on structural regeneration of ZrGP was also found when Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ were adsorbed. To be specific, the structure of ZrGP was destroyed due to adsorbing these two ions, but it could be regenerated after the loaded materials were dipped in HCl solution (1.0 M) for several minutes to remove metallic ions.     

Adsorption-desorption kinetics of the monomer-dimer mixture

The kinetics of the monomer-dimer mixtures is formulated in the framework of the kinetic lattice gas model. The so-called local evolution rules are used to derive the hierarchy of coupled differential equations for coverage and other correlators, when processes like adsorption, desorption and diffusion are included. The hierarchy of equation is truncated by using mean-field (m,n) closures. Equilibrium properties are analyzed. In particular, adsorption isotherms as a function of the nearest neighbor lateral interaction are presented. The irreversible kinetics are also considered. Temperature-programmed-desorption (TPD) with readsorption is of special interest and this experiment is simulated under different conditions giving different spectra. In these spectra, the influence of adsorbate mobility is analyzed in two dimensions by Monte Carlo simulations.     

CO_2气氛对燃料N析出特性的影响

在水平管式炉上进行徐州烟煤在Ar和CO_2气氛下的热解试验,研究CO_2气氛对燃料N析出特性的影响。结果发现,两种气氛下,NH_3的收率随温度的升高均先升高后减小,在800℃时达到一个最大值,Ar气氛下此最大值比CO_2气氛下大很多;两种气氛下,HCN的收率均随温度的升高而升高。两种气氛下随着温度的升高,HCN与NH_3的收率比均升高,但在CO_2气氛下收率比更大,说明CO_2的氧化作用和气化作用促进了燃料N向HCN的转化。     

Model for Estimating the Atmosphere Structure Constant at Millimeter-Wave on Earth-Space Paths

A atmosphere structure constant C_n ² model, which varies with height, is presented based on Karasawa's amplitude scintillation model, existing ITU-R C_n ² model for optical and Xi'an area meteorologic measured relative humidity data in cloud cover, at 3050GHz. In this C_n ² model it is considered that relative humidity u varies with height. The log-amplitude scintillation deviation calculated in terms of the C_n ² model compare with values predicted by means of STNV2 model applied to Italsat channels. It is emerged that the calculation results based on the C_n ² model are distinctly smaller then the values predicted by STNV2 model. Their differences increase with decrease of u, because the water vapor content in the atmosphere at continental climate Xi'an area is smaller then the one at Italy, which is oceanic cilmate. When the water vapor in atmosphere approach saturation, the calculation results agree almost with prediction results. Therefore, it is shown that the C_n ² model is usable and is applied at the continental climate area as Xi'an area.     

Transient desorption of HD and D2 molecules from the D/Si(1 0 0) surfaces exposed to a modulated H-beam

We have studied the direct and indirect abstraction of D adatoms by H on the Si(1 0 0) surfaces by employing a pulsed H-beam. Desorptions of HD molecules is found to occur promptly as a result of direct abstraction at the beam on-cycles. In contrast, we find that D₂ desorption induced by adsorption of H atoms, i.e., the so-called adsorption-induced desorption (AID), occurs even at the beam off-cycles. The D₂ rate curves measured with the pulsed-H beam are decomposed into four components characterized with the reaction lifetimes of ?0.005, 0.06 ± 0.01, 0.8 ± 0.1, and 30 ± 5 s. We propose that the fastest and the second fastest AID channels are related to the thermodynamical instability of (1 × 1) dihydride domains locally formed on the (3 × 1) monodeuteride/dideuteride domains. The 0.8 s AID channel is attributed to the desorption occurring at the stage when (3 × 1) monodeuteride/dideuteride domains are built up upon H adsorption onto the (2 × 1) monohydride surface. The 30 s AID path is attributed to the thermal desorption accompanied by the shrinkage of the (3 × 1) domains which were excessively formed during the beam on-cycles on the (2 × 1) monohydride surface. Atomistic mechanisms are proposed for these three AID pathways.