理论研究C8H80-（H2O）n（n=1～5）团簇

应用密度泛函B3LYP／6—31＋G（d，p）方法对C8H80-（H2O）n（n=1～5）团簇这种弱相互作用体系进行垒自由度能量梯度优化，得到该系列团簇的稳定蛄构．计算结果表明。在该系列二元团簇中，一方面水分子数目的多少对苯基丙酮分子的结构影响很小，另一方面由于苯基丙酮分子的存在，破坏了团簇中水分子的对称性结构，在团簇内部极力形成O—H—O这样弯曲的有方向性的氢键．对苯基丙酮-水这样结构复杂的团簇，指认光谱的难度非常大，本文只讨论了与C=O有关的振动峰和水分子的对称伸缩振动的最强峰．     

拉曼光谱方法研究疏水作用对四甲基脲氢键形成的影响

测得了四甲基脲(TMU)与水,甲醇和乙醇及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)与水二元体系的拉曼光谱,分析二元溶液混合体系中羰基伸缩振动的频移随体积比变化的规律,从光谱的变化中可以得出羰基频移经历两个阶段： 首先,羰基伸缩振动随体系中氢键受体体积比的增加向低波数方向移动;其次,当二元混合体系中体积比超过一个临界值后,羰基伸缩振动振动频率不变,变化的仅仅是相对强度。通过分析临界体积比可以得出TMU与水相互作用中水是以较大缔合分子形式存在;而TMU与甲醇、乙醇,DMF与水相互作用中是以单分子或小的缔合分子形式存在的。     

理论研究C8H8O-(H2O)n(n=1～5)团簇

应用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p)方法对C8H8O-(H2O)n(n=1~5)团簇这种弱相互作用体系进行全自由度能量梯度优化,得到该系列团簇的稳定结构.计算结果表明,在该系列二元团簇中,一方面水分子数目的多少对苯基丙酮分子的结构影响很小,另一方面由于苯基丙酮分子的存在,破坏了团簇中水分子的对称性结构,在团簇内部极力形成O-H-O这样弯曲的有方向性的氢键.对苯基丙酮-水这样结构复杂的团簇,指认光谱的难度非常大,本文只讨论了与C=O有关的振动峰和水分子的对称伸缩振动的最强峰.     

Structures and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Urea-water System Studied by All-atom MD Simulation and Chemical Shifts in NMR Spectrum

采用分子动力学模拟方法结合核磁共振化学位移和粘度对尿素水溶液在稀浓度范围内的结构和弱相互作用进行研究. 从径向分布函数(RDF)分析看出,尿素水溶液中存在着几种不同类型、不同氢键形成能力的传统氢键. 氢键网络分析发现尿素水溶液体系在水富集区域,水分子倾向于自身缔合形成稳定的分子簇结构,而随着尿素浓度的逐渐增加,水的有序结构受到破坏,水分子和尿素分子发生了交叉缔合作用形成氢键,尿素分子有形成自身缔合的趋势. 分子动力学统计的平均氢键数与核磁共振化学位移和粘度数据结果进行比较,发现它们的变化趋势一致,证明了实验和理论结果有很强的可靠性.     

乙醇-水分子团簇(C2H5OH)nH2O(n=1-4)的稳定结构特性研究

采用密度泛函理论M06-2X方法, 在6-311 ++G(2d,2p)// 6-311 ++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C2H5OH)nH2O(n=1-4)进行计算, 得到乙醇-水分子团簇的各种稳定构型, 并对乙醇水分子团簇的结构特点进行了分析, 优化的各种低能结构、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键参数、NBO电荷分布等．结果表明: 最低能稳定结构都是环状的, 而且这些团簇除了形成O―H…O型主氢键外, 还有另一种作用方式C―H…O, 称之为次氢键．虽然C―H…O氢键远弱于O―H…O氢键, 但是对团簇的某些性质也有一定的影响.     

乙醇-水分子团簇(C2H5OH)nH2O(n=1-4)的稳定结构特性研究

采用密度泛函理论M06-2X方法, 在6-311 ++G(2d,2p)// 6-311 ++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C2H5OH)nH2O(n=1-4)进行计算, 得到乙醇-水分子团簇的各种稳定构型, 并对乙醇水分子团簇的结构特点进行了分析, 优化的各种低能结构、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键参数、NBO电荷分布等．结果表明: 最低能稳定结构都是环状的, 而且这些团簇除了形成O―H…O型主氢键外, 还有另一种作用方式C―H…O, 称之为次氢键．虽然C―H…O氢键远弱于O―H…O氢键, 但是对团簇的某些性质也有一定的影响.     

分子动力学模拟研究DMSO-水体系的结构和相互作用

用分子动力学模拟方法结合核磁共振化学位移和红外光谱结果,研究二甲基亚砜DMSO水溶液在全浓度范围内的结构和弱相互作用. 表明径向分布函数分析,DMSO水溶液中既存在着传统的强氢键又存在C—H…O弱相互作用. 氢键网络分析发现DMSO水溶液体系在水富集区域,水分子倾向于自身缔合形成稳定的分子簇结构,而随着DMSO浓度的逐渐增加,水的有序结构受到破坏. DMSO的摩尔分数为0.35是一个特殊点,多种性质偏离理想混合最远. 水分子和DMSO分子发生了交叉缔合作用形成稳定的分子聚集体. 分子动力学统计的平均氢键数与核磁共振化学位移和红外波数变化数据结果进行比较,结果吻合很好.     

乙醇和水分子形成配合物与荧光光谱特性研究

讨论了紫外光照射乙醇和水混合溶液的荧光光谱及其对应的激发光谱，认为乙醇和水分子混 合时会发生团簇形成新的分子从而成为能辐射荧光的物质.采用不同波长的紫外光照射乙醇 水溶液，计算了不同入射光的荧光量子产率，进而选取具有最高荧光效率的激励光照射不同 混合比率溶液，通过探测混合物所发射的荧光光子数目随乙醇和水混合比率的变化规律，研 究了团簇分子的可能类型，并利用荧光强度和吸收率的加和性计算了混合物的总吸收率和总 荧光光子数目，从而解释了乙醇水溶液的荧光光谱特征峰.结果可为乙醇和水分子形成的新 团簇分子研究提供实验和理论依据. 关键词： 乙醇-水配合物 荧光光谱 分子团簇 激发光谱     

腺嘌呤-水分子团簇的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311++G(d , p)基组水平上对C5H5N5·(H2O)m (m=1~3)进行了优化与振动频率计算,得到了团簇的六种稳定结构. 应用AIM程序计算了三种最稳定结构的氢键临界点的拓扑参数,结果表明,O—H…N氢键的形成使得O—H之间电子密度减小,伸缩振动频率减小,产生了红移;N—H…O氢键的形成使得N—H之间的电子密度减小,键的强度变弱,伸缩振动频率变小,发生了红移. 利用veda4软件对团簇C5H5N5·(H2O)m (m=0~3)的红外光谱的振动频率进行模式指认,并对部分振动频率进行了比较.     

质谱和拉曼光谱对[M(H2O)n]+(M=Li,K)水合团簇的研究

采用质谱、拉曼光谱及理论计算对[M(H₂O)_n]+(M=Li,K)水合团簇进行了研究。质谱分析[M(H₂O)_n]+(M=Li,K)水合团簇的离子峰,推测其水溶液中最大水化数为12和13。采用拉曼光谱对浓度梯度相同的LiCl和KCl水溶液进行了讨论与比较,Li+和K+的水化作用导致~3 208 cm-1水结构拉曼峰发生了明显的变化,其中LiCl和KCl溶液的浓度分别在0~2.0和0~2.5 mol·L-1范围内,水化作用呈线性增强,浓度大于2.0和2.5 mol·L-1时,偏离线性关系,出现缔合。理论计算[M(H₂O)_n]+水合团簇结构和理论拉曼光谱表明,Li+,K+分别在n>4和n>6开始第二水化层,O-H伸缩振动频率发生了蓝移,氢键结构遭到了破坏,与实验结果一致。     

Structure correlations of water molecules in a concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol

Monte Carlo calculation results for water–ethanol mixtures calculated in the isothermal and isobaric ensemble at T=300 K are presented. The analysis of the radial distribution functions for hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecule and water molecules was done. The concentrations of ethanol 0.75 show characteristics features of hydrogen-bonded liquids. The influence of the polar solvent molecule on water local structure and the hydrogen bond nets ware analyzed. Radial distribution functions for water–water interactions calculated in pure water and water–ethanol system are compared.     

Studies on Molecular Structure of Ethanol-Water Clusters by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

It was found that ethanol and water molecules mixed together can form new clusters. Based on the steady state spectral characteristic and the mole ratio method, three possible bonding constants of ethanol-water clusters were deduced. To confirm the structure of these clusters, the fluorescence lifetimes of different emission bands were investigated, and the average lifetime of the entire decay process was found to vary as the volume percent of ethanol changed. Furthermore, the possible bonding constant n of molecular clusters was determined to be 2 based on the time-resolved spectra, and the cluster was concluded to be a chain structure formed by one ethanol molecule and two water molecules with hydrogen bonds.     

砷和砷酸铁水化结构和红外光谱理论研究

水体中砷的去除与其水化作用密切相关,而不同质子化砷和砷酸铁水化特征相关报道甚少,且缺乏不同质子化砷和砷酸铁水化层红外光谱解析。在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)计算水平上比较不同质子化砷酸根[H_mAsO₄]m-3(m=0～2)和铁-砷酸盐络合物种[FeH_mAsO₄]m+(m=0-2)水化能,利用约化密度梯度函数图形化分析其与水分子相互作用的强度、类型和位置,并解析不同质子化砷酸根和砷酸铁水化层红外光谱特征。结果表明,随着氢质子化,砷酸根[H_mAsO₄]m-3(m=0～2)水化能力减弱,而铁-砷酸盐络合物种[FeH_mAsO₄]m+(m=0～2)水化能力随着氢质子化增强。当水分子中1个氢与[H_mAsO₄]m-3(m=0～2)中1个氧相互作用时倾向形成氢键;而水分子中2个氢同时分别与[H_mAsO₄]m-3(m=0～2)中两个氧相互作用时,相互作用变弱,以范德华力相互作用;水分子通过其氢与砷酸根中氧形成的氢键强于水分子通过其氧与质子化砷酸根中氢形成的氢键。未质子化O_N倾向与2~4个水分子形成氢键,而质子化O_P最多与2个水分子形成氢键且O_P…H_W氢键弱于O_N…H_W氢键。红外光谱中,2 954,3 114,3 179,3 252和3 297 cm-1是AsO3-₄第一水化层中水分子Ow-Hw伸缩振动峰,3 277,3 324和3 376 cm-1是HAsO2-₄第一水化层中水分子的Ow-Hw伸缩振动峰,3 189,3 277,3 306和3 383 cm-1是H₂AsO-₄第一水化层中水分子Ow-Hw伸缩振动峰;[FeH_mAsO₄]m+(m=0～2)第一水化层中水分子Ow-Hw伸缩振动对应区域依次是2 500~3 060,2 660~3 200和2 900~3 360 cm-1。因此,随质子化,[H_mAsO₄]m-3(m=0～2)和[FeH_mAsO₄]m+(m=0～2)第一水化层中水分子的Ow-Hw伸缩振动峰蓝移;相对于[H_mAsO₄]m-3(m=0～2),[FeH_mAsO₄]m+(m=0～2)第一水化层水分子的弯曲振动峰和伸缩振动峰都明显红移。[FeH_mAsO₄]m+(m=0～2)第一水壳层形成Fe-Ow-Hw…Ow-Hw…O_N-As氢键桥,该氢键桥中Ow-Hw具有特殊吸收峰,伸缩振动峰依次位于2 195,2 526和2 673 cm-1,质子化导致明显蓝移但峰强度几乎无变化;而其弯曲振动峰随质子化红移且强度明显降低;独立O_P-H伸缩振动峰不受Fe络合影响,而O_P-H…Ow中O_P-H伸缩振动峰位置因Fe络合而发生明显蓝移。该研究有助于更好地解析不同PH下砷和砷酸铁在水中溶解性,可用于红外光谱监测水溶液中砷和砷酸铁水化特征。     

The C-O Stretching Infrared Band as a Probe of Hydrogen Bonding in Ethanol–Water and Methanol–Water Mixtures

Infrared spectra of the ethanol–water and methanol–water mixtures in the mole fraction range of 0.1 to 0.9 were recorded in the attenuated reflection (ATR) mode. Traditionally, the hydrogen bonding of water with other molecules has been studied by investigation of the OH stretching band frequencies and intensities of water. However, in the case of alcohol–water mixtures, this procedure presents a problem due to the complete overlap of the hydroxyl absorptions from the alcohol and water. In the present study, we have adopted an alternative approach of understanding the ethanol–water and methanol–water hydrogen bonds through the analysis of the C-O stretching band. The intrinsic high intensity of the C-O band and nearly complete absence of its overlap with the water bands make it a good candidate for the study of hydrogen bonding interactions in alcohol–water mixtures. The integrated areas of the C-O stretching band versus mole fractions were plotted for both mixtures. In the case of methanol–water mixtures, the C-O stretching band area plot was linear, whereas such plot for the ethanol–water mixtures had two distinct slopes that switched at the 0.5 mole fraction. The C-O band plot areas were used to explain the molecular associations in the mixtures studied.     

乙醇-水溶液中团簇分子的基元荧光光谱研究

采用高斯分解法对236 nm的紫外光激发乙醇体积浓度为10%～95%的乙醇-水二元混合物产生的荧光光谱进行分解,得到了荧光谱线里面所包含的基元峰,发现每种浓度溶液的谱线都是由8个基元高斯峰组成的,并获得了每个基元谱线的相对强度、峰值位置数据。对这些高斯峰及相应参数进行分析,并结合乙醇-水混合物的荧光发射机理得到了各种发光团簇的相对大小以及构象信息,进一步计算了它们各自的荧光主发射跃迁能。另外,还对高斯峰半高宽与溶液中分子间缔合形态之间的联系做了初步探讨。研究结果可为进一步研究乙醇-水二元混合物的微观结构和特性提供理论和实验依据。     

Raman investigation of hydration structure of iodide and iodate

In the troposphere,the destruction of ozone and the formation of new particles are closely related to the iodine content,which mainly comes from iodide(I~-) and iodate(IO_3~-) in the seawater.Therefore,understanding the interactions between I~-,IO_3~-and water molecules plays a certain role in alleviating the destruction of the ozone layer.Raman spectroscopy is commonly used to obtain the information of the interaction between I~-,IO_3~-and water molecules quickly and accurately.Herein,the effect of I~-and IO_3~-on the change in Raman band characteristics of water is investigated to reflect the associated intermolecular interactions change.With the addition of the two ions,the Raman band corresponding to OH stretching vibration moves towards the high wavenumber,indicating the formation of hydration structure.The narrowing of the Raman band from OH stretching vibration under weak hydrogen bond agrees well with the hydrogen bond variation,while the abnormal broadening of the Raman band from OH stretching vibration under strong hydrogen bond indicates the formation of H-down structure.With the increase of ions concentration,the frequency shift of the Raman band from OH stretching vibration under both weak and strong hydrogen bonds becomes more apparent.Meanwhile,the frequency shift of I~-is more obvious than that of IO_3~-,which indicates that I-is more likely to form the hydration structure with water than IO_3~-.These results contribute to analyzing the different interactions between I~--water and IO_3~--water,then helping to prevent ozone depletion.     

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

1,2-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (alizarin) shows dual emission bands with a large Stokes shift from a “locally-excited (LE)” and “proton-transferred (PT)” tautomers in the excited state. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of alizarin is tunable by changing concentration, solvent polarity, excitation wavelength, and etc. ESIPT reaction of alizarin in the excited state was investigated by steady-state absorption/emission spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In ethanol solution, the lifetime of PT tautomer of alizarin was measured as 87 ps, in addition to 0.35 and 8.3 ps vibrational cooling dynamics for the LE and PT tautomers of alizarin, respectively. In binary mixtures of ethanol and water, the excited state dynamics became more complicated; the LE and PT tautomers appeared to decay with 8.9 and 30.8 ps lifetimes, which is much shorter compared to the lifetime of the PT tautomer in ethanol. A long-lived nonradiative state in the excited states of alizarin was found as well, which was proposed as a “trapped” state with tightly hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The ESIPT reaction of alizarin was blocked in a 1:1 mixture of ethanol-water due to strong hydrogen bonding between water molecules and alizarin, which was further confirmed by the efficient coupling of alizarin to TiO₂ nanoparticles in the 1:1 binary mixture of ethanol-water.     

离子液体Ammoeng 100与水之间相互作用的红外光谱分析

本文研究测量了Ammoeng 100与其水溶液在不同压力环境下的红外光谱,以期了解该离子液体与水之间的相互作用.结果表明,Ammoeng 100与水之间的相互作用主要来自离子液体的阴离子与水分子,且两者会根据能量稳定性而有选择性的接近;相对于阴离子,Ammoeng 100的烷基链受D_2O的扰动不大.与纯Ammoeng 100相比,在Ammoeng 100/D_2O的红外光谱中显示烷基C-H伸缩振动频率并没有太大变化,而压力小于1.0 GPa时D_2O会造成在Ammoeng 100的S=O对称伸缩振动频率红移.压力大于1.0GPa时,纯Ammoeng 100与Ammoeng 100/D_2O中的S=O对称伸缩振动频率大同小异,表明高压环境下D_2O不会对阴离子的对称伸缩振动频率造成明显影响,同时也显示离子液体在极性区的缔合结构会受到高压的扰动而有显著变化.