双光子共振四波差频产生的真空紫外激光特性研究

介绍以惰性气体Xe为非线性介质、利用双光子共振四波混频差频方法产生的可调谐真空紫外激光(VUV)的特性研究 .实验中 ,传播方向和空间均相互重合的两束脉冲染料激光经透镜聚焦于Xe气混频池内 ,其中一束激光的波长 (2 4 9.6 2 6nm)对应于Xe原子 6P[1/2 ,0 ]←← 5P的双光子共振跃迁 ,通过调谐另一束激光的波长 ,产生在 15 1～ 171nm可连续调谐的VUV激光 .经估算 ,产生的VUV激光的强度约为每脉冲约 0 .2 μJ ,转换效率约为 0 .1% .通过测量超声射流冷却下CO分子的A1Π←X1Σ+ (0 ,0 )带的转动分辨激光诱导荧光 (LIF)光谱 ,确定出VUV激光的线宽为 0 .3cm-1.此外 ,还对VUV激光强度与惰性气体压力、染料激光强度等依赖关系进行了研究 .     

在Ne的第一共振态以下通过四波和频产生可调谐VUV相干辐射

利用一台染料激光器的输出作为基波，通过非共振四波和频过程在Ne的第一共振态以下产生了116.6—119.2nm的可调谐VUV相干辐射．这是利用低阶的非线性光学过程在Ne的正色散区产生可调谐的VUV相干辐射．由于在这一波段Ne的色散很小，使得四波和频过程具有较高的转换效率．实验观察到在较小介质密度下，四波和频信号与介质密度的平方成正比．如果提高Ne的介质密度，估计和频过程的转换效率可以提高两个数量级 关键词：     

利用各向同性半导体晶体差频产生可调谐THz辐射的理论研究

理论研究了利用剩余射线带色散补偿相位匹配原理，在Ⅲ-Ⅴ族和Ⅱ-Ⅳ族光学各向同性的半导体非线性晶体中差频产生可调谐THz波的可行性问题.根据这些半导体材料的色散特性，并以近简并点双共振KTP-OPO的可调谐相干双波长输出作为差频抽运源，对它们的相位匹配能力、差频增益特性、品质因数以及差频过程中的相干长度进行了理论分析和计算，确定了ZnTe晶体是在共线相位匹配情况下较为理想的THz波差频晶体，而InP晶体则更适合用于非共线相位匹配情况. 关键词： 非线性光学 THz辐射 差频 各向同性半导体晶体     

汞蒸汽中利用四波和频产生125nm附近可调谐真空紫外激光

以氩为匹配气体的汞蒸汽四波和频实验中,一束泵浦光(ω₁)与汞原子6¹S₀—7¹S₀严格双光子共振,当另一束泵浦光(ω₃)在汞原子7¹S₀—9¹P₁跃迁的蓝端调频时,产生可调谐的真空紫外(VUV)激光(ω₄=2ω₁+ω₃),其 关键词：     

汞蒸汽中双光子共振四波和频产生125nm的相干辐射

利用汞原子6~1S_0—7~1S_0双光子共振四波和频产生了125nm的相干辐射.对双光子共振增强效应、双光子共振克尔(Kerr)效应进行了研究.讨论了平面波和聚焦情况下最佳相位匹配的条件.实验中还观测到了四波参量振荡和四波差频的信号输出.     

阿秒和频相位共轭极化拍频的不对称色锁二阶相干控制

研究了级联三能级系统中孪生色锁随机光场的相位共轭阿秒和频极化拍频(ASPB)不对称新效应。从理论上分析了自关联单光子简并四波混频(DFWM)和双光子非简并四波混频(NDFWM)信号辐射场与物质间不对等效应、混合型太赫兹失谐振荡特性,及双光子非简并共振四波混频信号的延时不对称性;同时也分析了由干涉计两臂不平衡色散效应引起的阿秒和频极化拍频信号的延时不对称性,即阿秒和频极化拍频信号的最大值相对于零延时有一个小偏移,结果表明该不对称性并这不影响阿秒和频极化拍频零差探测两偶极禁戒跃迁能级分裂的总体精度。阿秒和频极化拍频作为一种消除多普勒增宽的超快调制过程,从理论上说它可以扩展到任何两偶极禁戒跃迁能级系统。     

Hg蒸汽中通过双光子共振四波差频产生调谐真空紫外辐射

利用Hg原子6¹S₀—6¹D₂和6¹S₀—6³D₂双光子共振的四波差频(2ω₁—ω₃),获得了真空紫外相干辐射(ω₄)。当入射光之一(ω₃)波长调谐时,产生的真空紫外光也是调谐的,调谐范围为184.9-187.5nm.本文对非线性频率变换过程的机 关键词：     

High-resolution Absorption Spectra of Acetylene in 142.8-152.3 nm

利用双光子共振四波混频差频技术产生高分辨、可调谐的真空紫外(VUV)激光,在142.8-152.3nm波长范围内测量了超声射流冷却乙炔分子的吸收光谱. 由于射流冷却的效果和VUV激光高分辨的特性，当前的吸收光谱显示出较以往实验光谱更清晰的光谱振动峰结构，其中主要的三个振动谱峰序列对应了乙炔分子C1Ⅱu态的C-C对称伸缩振动激发(v2=0-2). 此外，148.2 nm处的肩峰则被归属为反对称弯曲振动v4的第一泛频激发，同时由于Renner-Teller效应分裂和跃迁选律的限制，当前的吸收光谱中观测到420(μ1Ⅱu)和420(к1Ⅱu)两个组分. 由此获得了各振动子带的带源位置和半高峰宽. 随着振动的激发，各振动峰逐渐加宽，能级寿命减小.     

基于和频与差频级联的全光单光子波长变换

基于周期极化铌酸锂波导,提出了一种采用和频产生与差频产生级联的全光单光子波长变换方案.在海森堡绘景下,通过非线性变换过程的哈密顿量求解了目标单光子信号的湮灭算子,进而根据变换前后的光子数算符之比得到了单光子波长变换的效率.分析了和频产生过程以及差频产生过程中单光子的转换效率与泵浦功率之间的关系,证明了存在最佳泵浦功率使得量子态能够完全转移.数值分析结果表明,当上变换(和频产生)泵浦光功率为65 mW、下变换(差频产生)泵浦光功率为150 mW时,由1550 nm到1530 nm的单光子波长变换可达到61％的转换效率.给出了级联单光子波长变换的实验装置,包括周期极化铌酸锂波导、泵浦激光、准单光子信号源、滤波等光学元器件、单光子探测器和同步线路.     

增益饱和对光学差频产生太赫兹辐射的功率和稳定性的影响

数值模拟并分析了以GaSe晶体为例对光学差频产生太赫兹（THz）波的特性.结果表明：当THz波长为227.5 μm,晶体长度为26.3 mm时,产生THz波功率达到增益饱和,在增益饱和点输出最高峰值功率可以达到945 W.由于晶体吸收的影响,THz波的增益饱和区是输出功率的非稳定区,而THz波的输出稳定区位于增益饱和区之后,在稳定区的THz波稳定性取决于抽运光的稳定性.当THz波波长为227.5 μm时,达到稳定区所需晶体长度为37.9 mm,此时THz波输出峰值功率可以达到735 W. 关键词： 光学差频 太赫兹辐射 稳定性     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.