强激光远场焦斑重构算法研究

 通过CCD图像采集单元结合传统的列阵相机测量高功率固体激光器的远场焦斑分布，采用图像处理技术的边缘算子提取焦斑的几何中心，提出通过几何中心对心的焦斑嵌套重构算法，解决了光斑饱和时的对心难题，实现了快捷准确测量激光焦斑，为激光器的实时控制提供参考数据。     

正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法

为验证正交光楔激光远场焦斑测量方法在提取光斑高频组分、扩展CCD测量动态范围和减小光束质量测量误差等诸方面的有效性,以常用的光束质量因子作为衡量新方法有效性的指标,建立离焦光斑强度分布理论模型并搭建相应的实验平台进行实验验证。验证结果表明:新方法与传统远场测量方案相比,使实验所用CCD的测量动态范围拓展了约9倍,实际光斑远离中心主核区域的大量高频旁瓣分布特征从CCD背景噪声起伏中凸显出来,光束质量因子的测量平均相对误差也有约16%的精度改善。     

万焦耳级激光装置的焦斑诊断

为了评估万焦耳级激光装置不同打靶透镜构型的远场光束质量,采用弱光取样、分束放大成像的探测方法,在横向放大系数相同而光强衰减系数不同的条件下,通过两台16位科学CCD在主瓣光路和旁瓣光路对3ω激光束的焦斑进行采集;基于纹影测量激光焦斑数学模型,获得了动态范围为1 151.7:1的远场焦斑重构图像;并对CCD动态范围、分束光路相对放大系数、系统噪声等因素对焦斑诊断的影响进行了分析.实验表明,该方法能够实现高动态范围远场焦斑的精确测量,对于重构图像的拼接边缘误差小于1 pixel,满足打靶要求.     

CCD摄像法测量激光远场光斑中图像校正和能量修正算法研究

介绍了CCD摄像法测量激光远场光斑的工作原理。依据CCD摄像机拍摄激光远场光斑的倾斜角度,在处理算法中利用透视投影原理,将采集光斑的畸变图像进行了校正;针对CCD摄像法摄取的漫反射激光光斑图像,构建了朗伯漫反射模型,利用朗伯修正算法将漫反射激光光斑的能量密度修正到直射激光光斑的能量密度,推导出了具体的修正计算公式。通过实际应用,验证了该算法在激光远场光斑测量中的有效性。     

高动态范围激光焦斑测量数学模型研究

提出了一种高动态范围的激光焦斑测量方法.首先,构建纹影测量远场焦斑数学模型,确定重构需要的参数,并使用准直光路对参数进行标定;其次,运用综合诊断快速自动准直系统使纹影小球遮挡住旁瓣光斑中心,获得准确的旁瓣光斑;最后,改进计算纹影小球中心及图像融合等方面的纹影重构算法,克服了传统纹影重构方法中主瓣旁瓣中心误差大、合并图像拼接边缘台阶明显的缺点.对大型激光装置参数测量综合诊断系统的远场焦斑测量应用表明:通过对纹影测量远场焦斑数学模型中参数的精确标定以及对纹影重构算法的优化,能够实现高动态范围激光焦斑的准确测量.     

散射成像法测量激光强度分布中的光斑畸变校正

在利用散射成像法测量激光强度分布中,CCD像面与散射屏平面存在较大角度时,光斑形状和强度分布都会产生严重畸变,给强度分布测量带来较大影响。分析了畸变产生的原因,给出了畸变坐标和理想坐标的数学模型,提出一种结合CCD像素合并的网格法来校正这种畸变。"网格法"利用自制标准网格成像,通过识别网格像边界来确定标准网格和畸变网格的对应关系,利用此对应关系在输出图像时恢复光斑;利用均匀光源成像来校正系统光强分布畸变。结果表明,该方法能够较好地校正光斑的形状畸变;能够实时恢复光斑的真实光强分布,单元强度畸变恢复误差小于1%。该校正方法在激光强度分布散射成像测量中非常实用。     

利用CCD准确测量激光远场发散角

 利用CCD面阵接收器,通过标定的方法,将其准确安置在长焦距透镜后焦面上,并找出CCD 象元数与原场发散角的对应关系,从而迅速确定远场发散角。同时用短焦距透镜对 光束限制光阑成像,测得近场光斑光强分布。以激光束振幅函数的傅里叶变换作为理想衍射 极限,将远场发散角与之比较,可以得到用几倍衍射极限的方法表示的实际光束质量。     

高功率脉冲激光的远场能量密度分布测试方法研究

在分析现有的激光远场能量密度分布测试方法的基础上提出了一种新的测试方法.采用激光束照射漫反射靶,CCD相机对靶上激光光斑成像并在靶面上布置能量计探头以获取能量抽样绝对值的方法进行激光束远场大气传输后空域分布测试.从基本组成、测试原理、试验结果等方面对新测试方法进行了分析研究,并通过采用532nm脉冲激光照射1Km外的漫反射靶的实验对新测试方法进行了可行性验证,获得了远场激光光斑的图像和能量抽样值.     

高功率脉冲激光的远场能量密度分布测试方法研究

在分析现有的激光远场能量密度分布测试方法的基础上提出了一种新的测试方法.采用激光束照射漫反射靶,CCD相机对靶上激光光斑成像并在靶面上布置能量计探头以获取能量抽样绝对值的方法进行激光束远场大气传输后空域分布测试.从基本组成、测试原理、试验结果等方面对新测试方法进行了分析研究,并通过采用532nm脉冲激光照射1Km外的漫反射靶的实验对新测试方法进行了可行性验证,获得了远场激光光斑的图像和能量抽样值.     

强激光远场光束质量参数的测试

 提出漫射红外成像-多点标校测量方法,用于测量强激光远场光束质量参数。在激光远场距离处设置漫反射靶板,用成像探测器摄取经靶面漫射的脉冲强激光光斑图像;在靶面中心处挖小孔,孔后放置能量探测器实时测量激光脉宽和峰值功率。同时对整个激光光斑图像进行能量定标,进而得出远场脉冲强激光的实际空间能量/功率分布、总能量,以及相应的光束质量参数。应用该测量方法,对高能TEA CO₂激光进行测量研究,测得其远场光束截面半径为80.2 mm,发散角为1.55 mrad。     

基于纹影法的聚焦超声声场重建算法研究

为了从聚焦超声声场纹影图像直接重建声场声压分布图像,首先根据水中声波与光波的作用规律,利用Zernike相衬技术得到纹影系统中空间声压分布与纹影图像中光强的关系,再通过纹影系统获得聚焦超声声场实时图像,最后根据纹影系统的物理特性经过反投影重建算法重建出凹球壳聚焦超声换能器的空间声压分布。分析可知,理论声焦域横向与声轴大小分别为0.15 mm、1.4 mm,重建声场电功率为12 W时横向最接近为0.25 mm,30 W时声轴最接近为1.35 mm。与球壳换能器的理论声压分布进行对比的结果表明,该方法具有一定可行性,可以用于聚焦超声换能器的声场分布检测。     

Temperature measurement of air convection using a Schlieren system

In this work, we have developed a procedure for full-field measurement of temperature of a fluid flow by using the schlieren technique. The basic idea is to relate the intensity level of each pixel in a schlieren image to the corresponding knife-edge position measured at the exit focal plane of the system. The method is applied in the measurement of temperature fields of the air convection caused by a heated rectangular metal plate (7.3 cm×12 cm). Our tests are carried out at plate temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. To validate the proposed method, the schlieren temperature results are compared to those obtained by a thermocouple. Thermocouple data are obtained along two mutually perpendicular directions (one direction along the optical axis, z-direction, and other direction along the x-axis, which is perpendicular to the optical axis) at points located on a 9×9 grid with a variable spacing. The thermocouple measurements were integrated along the z-axis in order to be compared with the measurements obtained by the schlieren technique. The results from the two methods show good agreement between them.     

Large aperture continuous phase diffractive optical element to realize uniform focal spot

Uniform focal spot, with flat top, steep edge, low side lobe and high light efficiency, is required in many high power laser system. Using diffractive optical element (DOE) to realize such uniform illumination has many advantages, such as high light efficiency of pure phase modulation, strong flexibility of phase design and so on. A kind of hybrid algorithm based on hill-climbing and simulated annealing is utilized for phase design, owing to the strong convergence of the hill-climbing and the global optimization potential of the simulated annealing. A continuous phase DOE with diameter 100 mm has been fabricated by a rotating hollowed-out mask and ion-etching on the K9-glass substrate. The interferogram of the DOE is given to show the smoothness of the phase distribution. The intensity distribution of the focal spot are measured by a general CCD, and a series of attenuators are used to increase the dynamic range of the measurement. The results after data-processing show that the uniform focal spot with certain uniformity at the main lobe, sharp edge, low side lobe and without sharp peak at the zero order has been obtained.     

刀边法测量聚焦光场空间结构特性

研究了测量光场分布的多角度单刀边法和直角双刀边法。分析了两种刀边法测量光斑特性的基本原理。通过数值模拟,对它们在光斑测量过程中的图像还原能力和抗噪声能力进行了理论分析,并对实验中利用直角双刀边法测量得到的结果进行了简要的分析。研究结果表明,多角度单刀边法在测量光斑的实验中,对光斑的还原能力比较有限,而直角双刀边法由于操作简单、还原能力更强,更适合用于光斑的测量。     

重复频率下飞秒激光驱动产生的X射线焦斑测量

为了获取强激光驱动产生的X射线光源焦斑尺寸和空间分辨率,设计了刃边及双网格方法,其中刃边厚度为0.2μm,双网格分别为400目铜网格和394lp/cm的镍网,利用X射线CCD作为探测元件。Ti宝石激光在能量1J、脉宽40fs、频率10 Hz、激光功率密度约为4.4×1018 W/cm2的条件下,重复频率加载圆盘Cu靶。在中国工程物理研究院25TW激光装置上首次获得了X射线的焦斑及网格图像,并推算了该装置的X射线焦斑尺寸为43μm,而网格空间分辨力为34μm。结果表明该刃边及双网格方法适合强激光驱动产生的X射线焦斑尺寸测定。     

非准确联合变换相关测量透镜焦距

提出了一种利用非准确联合变换相关测量透镜焦距的方法.该方法首先利用已知焦距透镜记录联合功率谱,再用记录的联合功率谱经被测焦距透镜输出相关点,记录相关点并测出其间距,可以计算出被测透镜的焦距.理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法有较高的测量准确度,能实现透镜焦距的自动测量.     

Diffractive optical element used to control side lobe to be extremely low in a large region

In this paper, a diffractive optical element (DOE) is adopted to control the side lobe to be extremely low in a large region on the focal plane, and simultaneously the intensity of the center point on the focal plane is required to be maximal. The DOE to realize the before-mentioned performance is two-phase distributed, i.e. 0 and π. Linear programming is applied to design the DOEs to realize an extremely low side lobe in different regions on the focal plane. Simulated results show that the more rigorous the side lobe is controlled to be, the smaller the intensity of the center point on the focal plane.     

Performance parameters for highly-focused electromagnetic waves

New performance parameters are presented for electromagnetic focusing systems of high numerical aperture. The field in the focal region is expanded into either electric/magnetic dipole components, or transverse electric/magnetic components. The treatments can be applied to the important case of electric dipole waves, where the focused polarization distribution is the same as that of an electric dipole. For the limiting case of a system of unity numerical aperture, the transverse focus for a focused electric dipole field is sharpened up by 19% compared with an aplanatic system with plane-polarized input, while at the same time the focal intensity for a given input power is increased by 17%. This should be contrasted with using a pupil filter, in which case, as the focal spot is made smaller the focal intensity also decreases. Pure TE polarization results in an even smaller central lobe. Other inhomogeneous polarizations can also be investigated as linear combinations of electric/magnetic or TE/TM components.     

应用于ICF等离子体诊断系统的长焦深光学元件设计

 针对惯性约束聚变激光等离子体诊断系统的特殊需求，提出采用对数型轴锥镜来实现长焦深功能，并采用超高斯边缘匀滑、中心切趾及选择合适的器件参数等方法优化了长焦深器件的性能。模拟实验证明，为了得到满足要求的长焦深、小焦斑、小旁瓣和均匀的轴上及横向光场分布的聚焦光束，对数型轴锥镜的焦深应为3~5 mm；元件中心须采用切趾，而且切趾半径应为15~60 mm；元件边缘宜采用5阶超高斯匀滑。设计出焦深长达3 mm、轴上光强均匀、旁瓣峰值小于中心强度的2%且横向光斑较均匀的长焦深器件，可以满足激光等离子体诊断的要求，并用菲涅耳衍射积分对该元件光场的模拟实验验证了该方法的可行性。