G2 PREDICTION OF THE ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION FOR SOME DIATOMIC CATIONS AND NEUTRALS

Ｇ２ＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＥＮＴＨＡＬＰＩＥＳＯＦＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＳＯＭＥＤＩＡＴＯＭＩＣＣＡＴＩＯＮＳＡＮＤＮＥＵＴＲＡＬＳＳｕＫｅｈｅＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｒｉｎｇ，ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰｏｌｙ...     

LOW ENERGY TRIPLE DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS FOR ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION OF HYDROGEN

ＬＯＷＥＮＥＲＧＹＴＲＩＰＬＥＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＬＣＲＯＳＳＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＳＦＯＲＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＩＭＰＡＣＴＩＯＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＣｈｅｎＺｈａｎｇｊｉｎａ，ｂＸｕＫｅｚｕｎｂＸｕＦｕｘｉｎａａＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙ...     

EFFECT OF RADIAL ELECTRICAL FIELD ON NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT IN TOKAMAKS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＲＡＤＩＡＬＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＡＬＦＩＥＬＤＯＮＮＥＯＣＬＡＳＳＩＣＡＬＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＩＮＴＯＫＡＭＡＫＳＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＲＡＤＩＡＬＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＡＬＦＩＥＬＤＯＮＮＥＯＣＬＡＳＳＩＣＡＬＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＩＮＴＯＫＡＭＡＫＳ￥...     

DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR NEONLIKE IONS

ＤＩＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＩＣＲＥＣＯＭＢＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＲＡＴＥＣＯＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＴＳＦＯＲＮＥＯＮＬＩＫＥＩＯＮＳＤＩＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＩＣＲＥＣＯＭＢＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＲＡＴＥＣＯＥＦＦＩＣＩＥＮＴＳＦＯＲＮＥＯＮＬＩＫＥＩＯＮＳ￥ＺｈａｏＬｉｂｏ；ＬｉＳ...     

MEASUREMENTS OF Fe AND Cu K-Shell IONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS BY SLOW ELECTRON IMPACT

ＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＦｅＡＮＤＣｕＫ－ＳｈｅｌＩＯＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＣＲＯＳＳＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＳＢＹＳＬＯＷＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＩＭＰＡＣＴＬｉＴａｉｈｕａＡｎＺｈｕＬｕｏＺｈｅｎｇｍｉｎｇＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ｉｎｓ...     

基于扩散速度方法粘性流场的离散涡数值模拟

基于扩散速度方法粘性流场的离散涡数值模拟吴文权，李春，卜千里（上海机械学院上海２０００９３）关键词：扩散速度模型，粘性流场，离散涡方法。ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＶＩＳＣＯＵＳＦＬＯＷＦＩＥＬＤＳＵＳＩＮＧＤＩＦＦＵＳＩＯＮＶＥＬＯＣ...     

THE REFLECTIVITY CALIBRATION AND APPLICATIONOFXRAYGRAZINGMIRROR

ＴＨＥＲＥＦＬＥＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＣＡＬＩＢＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＸＲＡＹＧＲＡＺＩＮＧＭＩＲＲＯＲＭａＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇＳｕｎＫｅｘｕＹｉＲｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＣｕｉＹａｎｌｉＺｈｅｎｇＺｈｉｊｉａｎＴａｎｇＤａｏｙｕａｎＳｏｕｔｈｗ...     

TOTAL CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTS FORELECTRONSCATTERINGONMETHANEBETWEEN1AND50eV

ＴＯＴＡＬＣＲＯＳＳＳＥＣＴＩＯＮＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＦＯＲＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＳＣＡＴＴＥＲＩＮＧＯＮＭＥＴＨＡＮＥＢＥＴＷＥＥＮ１ＡＮＤ５０ｅＶＬｉＴａｉｈｕａＹｅＲｕｉｙｉｎｇＹａｎｇＹｏｎｇＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ...     

SHOCK COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF BROMOFORM

ＳＨＯＣＫＣＯＭＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＢＲＯＭＯＦＯＲＭＰｅｎｇＳｈａｎｇｑｉａｎｇａ，ｂ，ｃＪｉｎｇＦｕｑｉａｎａ，ｂＨｕＪｉｎｂｉａｏａ，ｂＧｏｕＱｉｎｇｑｕａｎｂａ．ＬａｂｆｏｒＳｈｏｃｋＷａｖｅａｎｄＤｅｔｏｎａｔｉｏｎＰｈｙ...     

GIANT MAGNETO-IMPEDANCE IN Fe-BASED SOFT FERROMAGNETIC RIBBONS

ＧＩＡＮＴＭＡＧＮＥＴＯ－ＩＭＰＥＤＡＮＣＥＩＮＦｅ－ＢＡＳＥＤＳＯＦＴＦＥＲＲＯＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＲＩＢＢＯＮＳＣｈｅｎＣｈｅｎＭｅｉＬｉａｎｇｍｏＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｊｉｎａｎ２５０１００...     

再燃降低NO_x排放及煤粉燃尽特性研究

以包含两种低挥发份贫煤在内的四种煤作为主燃料,在一维炉和一台93 kW卧式单角炉上对气体燃料再燃过程及煤粉和再燃燃料的燃尽特性进行了详细实验研究,同时对炉膛内NO_x浓度分布等进行了测量和分析.实验发现,再燃过程除了要采用合适再燃区停留时间外,气体再燃燃料还应选择在炉膛内NO_x浓度较大区域内喷入,以提高再燃脱硝效率.实验结果表明,即使采用低挥发份煤作为主燃料,当再燃区停留时间达到约0.7～0.9 s,气体再燃燃料比例达到10%～15%时,气体燃料再燃过程就能在保证煤粉颗粒燃尽率不明显降低前提下,获得50%以上的再燃脱硝效率.     

燃油分级多点喷射低污染燃烧室的化学反应网络模型分析

本文采用基于详细化学反应机理的化学反应网络模型分析了航空发动机燃油径向分级多点喷射低污染燃烧室的NO_x排放特性。该分级燃烧室不同于传统燃烧室,头部由值班区和主燃区两个不同的燃烧区域,根据CFD得到的流场特性和当量比的分布特性对燃烧室进行分区构建化学反应器网络模型,研究了值班级当量比以及值班级和主燃级两级供油比例对排放的影响。同时,还分析了空气进口温度对NO_x排放的影响。得到了较为合理的变化趋势,为低污染燃烧室的初步设计提供了有益的指导。     

激光点火煤粒着火的模型分析

本文对颗粒煤在激光加热条件下的着火和燃烧进行了数值模拟。采用的是一个简单的煤粒着火与燃烧的一维模型。该模型采用了热解和双平行反应模型,考虑了煤粒表面的多相反应和气相的基元反应以及气相中的传热与传质。从获得的煤粒表面和气相空间的温度随时间的变化规律,可以判断不同煤种的着火方式。     

挥发份的均相反应等对N_2O、NO生成影响的模拟与实验研究

用模拟和实验相结合的方法研究了挥发分的均相反应、温度等因素对N2O、NO生成与分解的影响。研究发现，挥发分主要通过分解反应影响N2O的排放量，而主要通过生成反应影响NO的排放量。与高挥发分煤混合燃烧时，不仅N2O生成量降低，氮生成N20的总体转化率也下降。N2O的经时特性要经历一个从生成到分解的过程。     

Experimental and modeling study of H2S formation and evolution in air staged combustion of pulverized coal

High-concentration H₂S formed in the reduction zone of pulverized coal air-staged combustion can result into the high temperature corrosion of water wall tube of boiler, so it is of great importance to accurately predict H₂S concentration for the safe operation of boilers and burners. H₂S formation and evolution depends on two steps: the sulfur release from coal conversion and gas-phase reactions of sulfur species. In this study, the sulfur release characteristics from the pyrolysis of 17 coals, including 5 lignite, 9 bituminous coals and 3 anthracites, are investigated in a drop tube furnace (DTF). Sulfur release model is developed to describe the relationship between sulfur release and coal types. A global gas-phase reaction mechanism of sulfur species composed of ten reactions is used to calculate and predict the formation and evolution of H₂S, COS and SO₂ in the reduction zone of pulverized coal air-staged combustion. A wide range of air-staged combustion experiments of 17 coals are conducted in the DTF at different temperatures and stoichiometric ratios to validate the developed model. The results show that the prediction errors of sulfur species, including SO₂, H₂S and COS, are within ± 30%, which indicates that the developed prediction model of sulfur species is of great assistance for CFD modeling of actual engineering application.     

Ash formation and deposition during combustion of pulverized torrefied wood and coal in a 100 kW downflow combustor

Torrefied wood originating from beetle-killed trees is an abundant biomass fuel that can be co-fired with coal for power generation. In this work, pulverized torrefied wood, a bituminous coal (Sufco coal) and their blended fuel with a mixing ratio of 50/50 wt.%, are burned in a 100-kW rated laboratory combustor under similar conditions. Ash aerosols in the flue gas and ash deposits on a temperature-controlled surface are sampled during combustion of the three fuels. Results show that ash formation and deposition for wood combustion are notably different from those for coal combustion, revealing different mechanisms. Compared to the coal, the low-ash torrefied wood produces low concentrations of fly ash in the flue gas but significantly increased yields (per input ash) of ash that has been vaporized. All the mineral elements including the semi- or non-volatile metals in the wood are found to be more readily partitioned into the PM₁₀ ash than those in the coal. The inside layer deposits sticking to the surface and the loosely bound outside deposits exposed to the gas both show a linear growth in weight during torrefied wood test. Unlike coal combustion, in which the concentration of (vaporized) ash PM₁ controls the inside deposition rate, wood combustion shows that the formation of porous bulky deposits by the condensed residual ash dominates the inside deposition process. Co-firing removes these differences between the wood and coal, making the blended fuel to have more similar fly ash characteristics and ash deposition behavior to those of the bituminous coal. In addition, results also show some beneficial effects of co-firing coal with torrefied wood, including reduction of the total deposition rate and the minimization of corrosive alkali species produced by wood.     

Char characteristics and particulate matter formation during Chinese bituminous coal combustion

The characteristics of char particles and their effects on the emission of particulate matter (PM) from the combustion of a Chinese bituminous coal were studied in a laboratory-scale drop tube furnace. The raw coal was pulverized and divided into three sizes, <63, 63–100, and 100–200 μm. These coal samples were subjected to pyrolysis in N₂ and combusted in 20 and 50% O₂ at 1373, 1523, and 1673 K, respectively. Char samples were obtained by glass fiber filters with a pore size of 0.3 μm, and combustion-derived PM was size-segregated by a low pressure impactor (LPI) into different sizes ranging from 10.0 to 0.3 μm. The characteristics of char particles, including particle size distribution, surface area, pore size distribution, swelling behavior and morphology property, were studied. The results show that, coal particle size and pyrolysis temperature have significant influence on the char characteristics. The swelling ratios of char samples increase with temperature increasing from 1373 to 1523 K, then decrease when the temperature further increases to 1623 K. At the same temperature, the swelling ratios of the three size fractions are markedly different. The finer the particle size, the higher the swelling ratio. The decrease of swelling ratio at high temperature is mainly attributed to the high heating rate, but char fragmentation at high temperature may also account for the decrease of swelling ratio. The supermicron particles (1–10 μm) are primarily spherical, and most of them have smooth surfaces. Decreasing coal particle size and increasing the oxygen concentration lead to more supermicron-sized PM formation. The influence of combustion temperature on supermicron-sized PM emission greatly depends on the oxygen concentration.     

燃气轮机合成气燃烧室燃料气加湿实验研究

本文针对一种燃用合成气的40MW级燃气轮机燃烧室,进行了该型燃烧室的全压燃料气蒸汽加湿试验研究,得到了燃烧室在基本负荷下随加湿量变化污染物排放、燃烧室内动态压力、火焰筒壁面温度等重要参数的变化规律,分析了燃料气加湿对燃气轮机总体性能、污染物排放、火焰筒壁温及燃烧稳定性方面的影响,探讨了燃料气加湿对合成气燃烧中Nox生成的机理性作用. 研究表明燃料气加湿是降低燃用合成气的燃气轮机氮氧化物排放的有效方式.     

混煤燃烧减少细微颗粒物生成的实验研究

本文将一种褐煤和一种烟煤进行不同混合比例(9∶1、7∶3、1∶1、3∶7和1∶9)和不同燃烧气氛(O2/N2和O2/CO2气氛)的沉降炉燃烧实验,采用低压撞击器(LPI)对燃烧生成的颗粒物进行收集,并对所收集的颗粒物开展生成浓度、元素组成等分析,研究了混煤燃烧减少细微颗粒物生成的作用机理及混煤比例、燃烧气氛对其的影响....     

Experimental investigation of NOx emission and ash-related issues in ammonia/coal/biomass co-combustion in a 25-kW down-fired furnace

Co-firing ammonia in coal units is a promising approach for the phasedown of coal power. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of burning ammonia with coal and biomass in a 25- kW down-fired furnace with a swirl-stabilized burner. Ammonia is injected from the central tube at thermal ratios ranging from 0 to30% and can be completely burnt out in most co-firing cases. We investigate the NO_x emission, unburnt carbon in fly ash, particulate matter formation and ash deposition behaviors when co-firing NH₃ with either SH lignite coal or the coal/biomass blend. With a fixed air staging ratio, the NO_x emission increases linearly with the NH₃ fuel ratio. By increasing the percentage of secondary air, the emitted NO_x can be reduced to 300 ppm with an NH₃ thermal ratio of 30%. The unburnt carbon is affected by NH₃ addition in a complex manner. With a 30% (thermal) NH₃ addition, the unburnt carbon increases from 0.4% to 5.6% for the SH coal mainly due to a temperature drop, but decreases from 2.2% to 0.7% for the SH coal/biomass blend. As for the ash-related issues, the addition of NH₃ to either coal or coal/biomass blend is found to alleviate both the fouling intensity and the ultrafine particulate matter formation ability. This is a major advantage over biomass combustion.