激光直接加热自背光法辐射不透明度测量方法探索

本文提出一种基于单束激光直接加热多层平面靶开展 稠密等离子体辐射不透明度特性研究的靶物理设计并对其进行了实验验证. 在XG-II激光装置上, 采用三倍频束匀滑激光辐照Au/CH/Al/CH多层平面靶产生背光源和Al样品等离子体, 通过观测背光源经样品等离子体衰减后的透过谱得到样品等离子体的辐射吸收性质. 采用Multi-1D程序对激光加热多层靶进行了辐射流体力学数值模拟, 给出了样品等离子体状态及其时间演化过程. 利用细致谱项模型 (DTA) 对实验测量的Al等离子体吸收谱进行理论分析, 表明等离子体温度在20–70 eV之间, 该结果与辐射流体力学模拟结果基本一致. 关键词： 吸收光谱 自背光 激光等离子体     

柱压缩测量辐射不透明度靶的数值模拟

 用数值模拟研究用高功率强激光驱动柱压缩产生低温度密度梯度的高温高密度等离子体的可能性,研究了可能获得的高温高密度等离子体状态的范围,并估计了此类靶中Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性和Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性产生的危害程度。结果表明柱压缩可以产生比较均匀的等离子体状态,可以用于辐射不透明度的实验测量。     

辐射加热铝Ka吸收谱测量

 铝K_a吸收谱是诊断辐射加热等离子体温度的重要方法之一。在星光Ⅱ激光装置上，利用激光金膜相互作用产生的X光辐射加热其背侧的铝夹层样品，采用天津Ⅲ号胶片记录的PET晶体谱仪测量了不同激光和样品参数条件下的铝Ka吸收谱。实验观察到非常清晰的类氦到类氟铝离子Ka吸收谱线，采用细致组态模型开展了铝Ka吸收谱的模拟计算，模拟计算结果与实验结果符合得较好，研究结果可应用于辐射不透明度样品温度诊断。     

辐射加热Al等离子体的吸收谱实验

报道了辐射加热Al样品的K壳层辐射吸收谱实验. 在神光Ⅱ激光装置上,将8路主激光注入锥柱型金腔产生高温辐射源,利用该辐射源加热腔内的Al薄膜样品,产生温度达到几十电子伏的热稠密等离子体. 相对主激光延迟一定时间后,利用第9路激光短脉冲聚焦打靶加热金盘,产生短脉冲X光点光源. 通过测量075—085nm波长范围内未经样品衰减以及经过样品衰减后的背光源辐射光谱,得到了Al样品的K壳层吸收谱. 利用细致谱线计算的吸收谱对实验光谱进行拟合,确定了Al样品等离子体的电子温度. 关键词： Al等离子体 吸收谱 不透明度     

小孔等离子体运动实验方法

在间接驱动惯性约束聚变的黑腔中,辐射烧蚀的高Z等离子体的流体力学运动过程对激光注入黑腔的效率、辐射场均匀性和通过诊断口的黑腔辐射温度诊断都有显著影响。为研究诊断口在黑腔辐射场中的等离子体缩口过程,用激光产生X光辐射加热低Z泡沫填充的金黑腔诊断口,以激光辐照钛平面靶产生的2～5 keV高能段窄能区X光作为背光源,用X光分幅相机获得了源靶和小孔靶两种靶型的小孔等离子体运动过程图像,研究了X光烧蚀的小孔等离子体的流体力学运动过程,探索了定量测量小孔等离子体面密度的空间分布与时间演化过程的实验诊断方法,初步给出小孔等离子体的面密度。     

Z箍缩内爆过程中的能量转换机制研究

利用一维三温辐射磁流体力学程序对氖气和铝丝阵Z箍缩内爆过程中的能量转换过程进行了详细的数值研究，发现在内爆过程中离子和电子之间的碰撞能量交换是最主要的能量交换过程，其次是电子和光子之间的光电过程和轫致过程，而康普顿散射过程中的能量交换可以忽略不计；辐射出的x射线主要是在光电激发和光电复合过程中产生的，其次是在轫致辐射过程和康普顿散射过程中产生的.理论分析表明，辐射出的x射线能量可以超过，也可能小于其等离子体最大动能.数值模拟结果表明，在氖气Z箍缩中，辐射出的x射线能量没有超过其等离子体最大动能，而在铝丝阵列内爆中，辐射出的x射线能量超过了其等离子体最大动能，但小于磁压所做的功；在整个Z箍缩过程中欧姆加热能量是较小的. 关键词： Z箍缩 能量转换 x射线辐射     

吸积盘的X射线辐射对周围星际物质的离化研究

利用辐射流体力学程序对三倍频纳秒激光与靶物质相互作用进行了模拟研究，得到了可以产生黑体辐射谱分布的激光等离子体X射线辐射靶的最佳厚度；数值模拟研究了黑体谱分布的X射线辐射场对等离子体系统平均离化度分布的影响，它有助于深入理解天体物理中吸积盘对它周围星际物质的离化影响. 关键词： 辐射流体力学 激光等离子体 X射线辐射 吸积盘 离化     

金属平板前等离子体的电磁波功率反射系数计算分析

把金属平板前非均匀等离子体层简化为分层均匀的平板模型，采用等效输入阻抗方法，计算大气或真空边界入射波的总功率反射系数，分析其影响因素.计算结果表明：电子数密度大 小、等离子体层厚度、入射波频率和入射角是功率反射系数的主要影响因素，适当调整其中任何一个，都可以达到降低功率反射系数的效果.在低频段，电子数密度的分布对功率反射系数几乎没有影响；在高频段，电子数密度的分布对功率反射系数有影响.等离子体厚度、入射波频率、电子数密度分布对功率反射系数的影响几乎与波的极化方向无关. 关键词： 等离子体 电磁波 传输     

薄铝埋点等离子体K线光谱半定量实验测量

 提出了一种薄埋点靶：直径为200 mm、厚度为0.1 mm的铝点埋在20 mm厚的CH膜底衬中，表面再覆盖0.1 mm厚的CH膜。在星光Ⅱ激光装置上利用束匀滑激光打该埋点靶，在靶前向采用胶片记录的晶体谱仪测量铝离子K线谱，获得了铝离子K线谱半定量实验结果。并开展了非平衡铝等离子体发射光谱的理论计算分析。研究结果表明：采用单一等离子体状态且不考虑自吸收效应模拟计算获得的理论谱与实验谱符合较好，通过激光打薄埋点靶能够产生均匀的用于研究离化动力学和原子结构计算理论的光性薄高温等离子体。     

辐射加热Al等离子体的吸收谱实验

报道了辐射加热Al样品的K壳层辐射吸收谱实验. 在神光Ⅱ激光装置上，将8路主激光注入锥柱型金腔产生高温辐射源，利用该辐射源加热腔内的Al薄膜样品，产生温度达到几十电子伏的热稠密等离子体. 相对主激光延迟一定时间后，利用第9路激光短脉冲聚焦打靶加热金盘，产生短脉冲X光点光源. 通过测量075—085nm波长范围内未经样品衰减以及经过样品衰减后的背光源辐射光谱，得到了Al样品的K壳层吸收谱. 利用细致谱线计算的吸收谱对实验光谱进行拟合，确定了Al样品等离子体的电子温度.     

On the classic heat conduction in the chromosphere-corona transition region of the solar atmosphere

The distribution of the temperature versus the thickness in the chromosphere-corona transition region of the solar atmosphere on the assumption that the plasma heating by classical heat flux is balanced by the energy loss by radiation. It is shown that the transition region between the corona and chromosphere is a thin layer, to which, however, a simple collision approximation may be applied.     

Maximum material thickness for extreme ultra-violet and X-ray backlighter probing of dense plasma

Extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lasers, X-ray lasers and other backlighter sources can be used to probe high-energy density materials if their brightness can overcome self-emission from the material. We investigate the maximum plasma thickness of aluminum, silicon and iron that can be probed with EUV or X-ray photons of energy 89–1243 eV before self-emission from the plasma overwhelms the backlighter output. For a uniform plasma, backlighter transmission decreases exponentially with increasing thickness of the material following Beer's law at a rate dependent on the plasma opacity. We evaluate the plasma opacity with the Los Alamos TOPS opacity data. The self-emission is assumed to be either that of a black body to arise from a plasma in LTE or to only consist of free–free and free–bound emission. It is shown that at higher plasma temperature (?40 eV), EUV radiation (e.g. photon energy=89 eV) can probe a greater thickness of plasma than X-ray radiation (e.g. photon energy=1243 eV).     

Ultimate efficiency of extreme ultraviolet radiation from a laser-produced plasma

An analytical formula for maximizing radiation efficiency from a laser-produced plasma is derived. The maximum efficiency is achieved when the plasma expansion distance during laser heating is equal to the laser absorption length. The dependence of the radiation efficiency on the plasma density is confirmed by experiments using a particle-cluster target. By creating a relatively uniform density plasma with a 300 microm diameter by dispersing SnO(2) particles coated on a Si wafer, the conversion efficiency at 14 nm, as high as 4 times as that for a Sn plate target, is achieved.     

Formation of a plane layer of plasma under irradiation by a soft X-ray source

We investigate theoretically the formation of a plasma in a plane layer of polymer foam (density ρ = 0.002 g/cm³ and thickness 800 μm) under the action of an external source of soft X-ray radiation under the conditions of PHELIX experiments. The incident flux is assumed to have a Planck’s distribution over the spectrum with T _rad = 20–40 eV. In numerical calculations, the flux of incident X-ray radiation and the spectral constants of the target substance are varied. The action of an external X-ray radiation source on a low-density foam substance with a density of 2 mg/cm³ causes a plasma to be formed with relatively homogeneous profiles of density and temperature T = 15–35 eV. Absorption of externalradiation energy is distributed in the volume. The plasma temperature increases with increase in the external energy, and the energy passed through the plasma also increases. The results prove to be sensitive to the values of optical constants used in numeral simulation. The spectral flux of external radiation passed through the plasma is chosen as a criterion of correctness of the optical constants used in the calculations. In future experiments using the PHELIX facility, we plan to investigate the slowing-down of an ion beam in a plasma formed as a result of indirect heating of low-density polymer triacetate cellulose (TAC) foam with densities ρ = 0.001–0.01 g/cm³ under the action of a pulse of X-ray radiation, into which the laser radiation is preliminarily transformed.     

Isochoric heating of solid-density matter with an ultrafast proton beam

A new technique is described for the isochoric heating (i.e., heating at constant volume) of matter to high energy-density plasma states (>10(5) J/g) on a picosecond time scale (10(-12)sec). An intense, collimated, ultrashort-pulse beam of protons--generated by a high-intensity laser pulse--is used to isochorically heat a solid density material to a temperature of several eV. The duration of heating is shorter than the time scale for significant hydrodynamic expansion to occur; hence the material is heated to a solid density warm dense plasma state. Using spherically shaped laser targets, a focused proton beam is produced and used to heat a smaller volume to over 20 eV. The technique described of ultrafast proton heating provides a unique method for creating isochorically heated high-energy density plasma states.     

Investigation on non-LTE radiation emitted from a laser-irradiated Au disk

1 Introduction The laser-target coupling physics is a key topic in indirect-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and X-ray application research[1―3]. When intense laser light irradiates the solid target, the plasmas are produced rapidly on the surface of the target. The laser en-ergy is mainly absorbed by inverse bremsstrahlung absorption, and a coronal region with high-temperature and low-density plasma is formed. Electron thermal conduction proc-ess transfers energy into over-dense re…     

强流电子束入射叠靶能量沉积计算

计算了多脉冲相对论强流电子束入射钽-石墨叠靶的能量沉积和轫致辐射谱。能量沉积采用Geant4程序计算,轫致辐射谱根据基本的辐射理论和蒙特卡罗方法计算。结果显示,各层的热区能量沉积呈由大到小的递减分布,截面轫致辐射分布和电子束径向分布主要受钽层的影响。石墨层的低能量沉积率和高热容能改善叠靶的性能。对于单脉冲,钽-石墨层厚比为1∶1时,石墨能全部吸收相邻钽层的热沉积,轫致辐射效率为35.4%;4脉冲情况下,钽-石墨层厚比应为1∶13,总轫致辐射效率降到19.9%。考虑轫致辐射剂量和质量,钽-石墨两者的厚度比为1∶5时,钽层的总厚度应为1.2 mm;当钽-石墨层厚比为1∶10时,钽层的总厚应降到0.7 mm。     

Plasmon Mechanism of Overdense Plasma Heating

This paper attempts to introduce an effective mechanism of plasma heating of an overdense plasma layer. This mechanism is directly related to the phenomena of anomalous transparency of an overdense plasma layer. High temperature is achieved due to the resonant excitation of the coupled surface waves on both sides of the plasma layer. The dissipative energy of the collisional effects appears as an effective heating source in this mechanism. The solutions of the heat equation under the resonant situations are obtained in the steady and unsteady states conditions. The main factors, affecting the considered plasma heating mechanism, are also discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Multidimensional spectroscopy

The quantum states produced by non-linear interaction of a coherent uniform radiation field with dipolar matter are evaluated by a time-dependent perturbation expansion of the density matrix. The non-linear terms of the expansion are Fourier transformed to yield multi-dimensional spectra which indicate the connectivities in the underlying energy level diagrams. The spectra can be measured in experiments with multiple resonance, multiple pulse or stochastic excitation. Although the theory presented is of general validity in coherent spectroscopy, emphasis is placed on its application in non-linear N.M.R. spectroscopy. It illustrates particularly well the common basis of double, 2D correlated and multi-dimensional stochastic magnetic resonance.