贮氢钛膜氢含量的中子反射分析方法设计

对3 μm厚Ti膜的中子反射率谱进行理论计算,得到了Ti膜在不同含氘量(TiDc,c=0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0)、表面是否氧化下的反射率谱.数据表明,用中子反射技术可以获取含氘量和表面氧化程度等信息.同时,根据需测量的膜层最大厚度,对反射谱仪部分参数提出了要求.     

场致发射阳极用钨网的寿命特性分析

 通过扫描电镜分析和实验验证，分析了场致发射阳极用钨网被破坏的成因。对钨网进行淬火处理，使钨网表面形成一定厚度的氧化膜，可显著提高钨网使用寿命。不同的淬火温度,将使钨网表面形成不同厚度的氧化膜。实验结果表明，氧化膜厚度的改变，将明显影响钨网的使用寿命。当脉宽90ns、束流6kA、能量1MeV的电子束透过钨网时，钨网表面的氧化膜厚度选在0.4μm左右为宜。     

玻璃基片上SiO_2膜层厚度的测量方法

钠钙玻璃基片在液晶显示器件（ＬＣＤ） 等制造业中得到了广泛的应用。为防止基片中的碱金属离子扩散到器件的工作介质中,进而影响其化学稳定性和使用寿命,一般要在基片表面镀上一定厚度的ＳｉＯ２ 膜层,以便起到阻挡层的作用。基于Ｐ 蚀刻剂对ＳｉＯ２ 膜层和基片有显著不同的蚀刻速度,提出了一种测量玻璃基片上的ＳｉＯ２ 膜层厚度的方法,即：利用表面轮廓仪,在测量三个不同的蚀刻数据后,计算出ＳｉＯ２ 膜层的厚度。以用射频溅射法制备的ＳｉＯ２ 膜层为样品进行了测量,具体的实验数据证实了该方法的可靠性和有效性     

UHV/CVD硅锗膜的Raman光谱分析

本文提出一种用Raman光谱测量SiGe合金膜中的锗组分及应变的方法,方法是非破坏的。并用这一方法测量了几种不同锗组分和膜厚度的SiGe合金样品,它们都是用UHV／CVD设备生长的,其中两个样品还与X－射线双晶衍射的结果作了比较,两种方法的结果十分一致,这说明本文提出的方法是准确可靠的,这些样品用于制作SiGe/Si异质结PMOSFET,对0．5um 沟长器件,跨导达112ms.mm^-1。     

通孔阳极氧化铝膜的制备及其性能的研究

在15%H2SO4阳极氧化液中添加硝酸镨制备阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜以提高AAO膜的性能,采用化学腐蚀和微波处理相结合的方法,去除AAO膜的阻挡层,制备通孔的AAO膜。分别研究镨的添加量、氧化电压对AAO膜的厚度和硬度的影响及腐蚀时间、微波处理时间分别对AAO膜的阻挡层的影响,分别用能谱和扫描电镜等对AAO膜进行了表征。在15%H2SO4阳极氧化液中添加硝酸镨,制备出的AAO膜具有更大的厚度和硬度,当氧化电压为23V时,在15%H2SO4+0.14Pr g.L-1混合液中制备的AAO膜的厚度和硬度分别为162μm和275.1HV,与在阳极氧化液为15%H2SO4溶液中制备的AAO膜的厚度和硬度(150μm和224.8HV)相比,分别提高8.0%和22.4%。当氧化电压在19～23V范围时,AAO膜的厚度随着氧化电压的增大而增加;AAO膜的硬度随着氧化电压的增大而减小。将AAO膜在35℃和5%H3PO4溶液中腐蚀13min,再用超声波处理10min,可得到通孔的AAO膜。腐蚀后AAO膜表面絮状物为Al2O3。     

固体有机膜的湿透过度测量

膜法除湿具有装置体积小、重量轻和能耗低等特点。本文提供了一种新的测量膜透湿能力的方法,用改进的实验室释放分析系统(FLEC)对国产多孔固体高分子有机膜的透湿性能进行了测量,获得了不同孔径和厚度的尼龙膜、混合纤维素膜、醋酸纤维素膜和疏水PVDF膜的湿透过度,并对实验结果的误差进行了分析。结果表明,不论是憎水性膜还是亲水性膜,水蒸气均能显著透过,湿透过度与膜材料、膜孔径、厚度有关,小膜厚、大孔径以及强亲水性均有利于传湿。     

真空紫外铝+氟化镁膜偏振特性的研究

研究了铝＋氟化镁膜在真空紫外波段的偏振特性。理论上数值模拟计算了铝＋氟化镁膜在真空紫外波段的反射率及其与入射平面平行和垂直两方面的分量，分析了铝＋氟化镁膜反射率的两分量随入射条件和氟化镁膜厚度的变化规律，在此基础上研究了铝＋氟化镁膜的偏振特性，并与单层铝膜的相应特性作了比较，以氟化锂堆作偏振器，在Seya-Namioka真空紫外反射率计上实验研究了铝＋氟化镁膜的偏振特性。研究结果表明，铝＋氟化镁膜的偏振特性由于受到氟化镁厚度的调制，存在反射率的垂直分量小于平行分量的情形，从而使铝＋氟化镁膜的消光比在非正入射的条件下接近1。理论计算结果与实验结果一致。     

中心波长为13．9nm的正入射Mo／Si多层膜

用由铜靶激光等离子体光源等组成的反射率计对自行设计的周期厚度为7.14nm的120层Mo/Si多层膜进行极紫外(EUV)波段反射率测量。由于多层膜层数增加所引起的吸收、膜层界面之间的扩散以及镀膜过程中的膜厚控制误差或表面被氧化(污染)等原因,正入射Mo/Si多层膜在13.9nm处的反射率低于理论计算值73.2%,最后用原子力显微镜(AFM)测量其表面粗糙度为σ=0.401nm。     

用迈克耳孙干涉仪测肥皂膜厚度实验的分析

利用白光干涉原理,借助迈克耳孙干涉仪对肥皂膜的厚度进行了非接触测量.在干涉条纹宽窄相同的条件下,对不同层数的肥皂膜进行对比测量;在干涉条纹宽窄不同的条件下,对相同层数的肥皂膜进行对比测量;通过计算给出了膜的中心厚度和不确定度,对比分析了各种条件下测量时误差产生的原因.结果表明:单层、双层膜适合在宽条纹下测量,四层膜适合在窄条纹下测量.     

飞秒激光在铝膜中驱动冲击波的特性

为探索研究飞秒激光在材料中驱动冲击波的相关特性,采用激光脉冲频域干涉测试技术对脉冲宽度35fs、脉冲能量0.7mJ、功率密度1014W/cm2量级的飞秒激光脉冲在200nm厚铝膜中驱动冲击波的过程进行了实验测量。通过测量冲击波在铝膜中的渡越时间,获得激光脉冲在铝材料中驱动的冲击波平均速度约为6km/s;通过对不同时刻铝膜自由面频域干涉场测量结果的分析,获得铝材料自由表面速度达1km/s,根据平面冲击波的关系,推算其冲击压强达到9GPa。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.