Toward a superconducting quantum computer: Harnessing macroscopic quantum coherence

Intensive research on the construction of superconducting quantum computers has produced numerous important achievements. The quantum bit (qubit), based on the Josephson junction, is at the heart of this research. This macroscopic system has the ability to control quantum coherence. This article reviews the current state of quantum computing as well as its history, and discusses its future. Although progress has been rapid, the field remains beset with unsolved issues, and there are still many new research opportunities open to physicists and engineers.     

国际物理教育研究的现状与动向——基于PRPER近15年物理教育研究论文(2005-2019)的内容分析

以权威期刊PRPER近15年的文章为研究对象,运用内容分析法对国际物理教育研究的现状和动向进行分析.结果表明PRPER论文数量逐年增加,主要聚焦于评价、物理课程与教学、学生和教师的态度和信念等研究主题,涉及力学、电学、量子物理等学科领域.当前国际物理教育研究具有研究方向多样化、重视以学科为基础的教育研究模式和关注信息化资源共享等特点.     

The Rewards of Fundamental Atomic Spectrometry Research

Atomic spectrometry research is the life-blood of the atomic spectrometry instrument industry. The instrument designer can be expected to innovate in the execution of instrumentation and should be expected to be the expert in optical, electronic and software engineering. Fundamentally new technology has required too long a period of gestation to be compatible with commercial time scales and budgets. But in the past decade, the pressure from stockholders for increased return on investments has put increasingly strong pressure on management to reduce expenses and focus increasingly on projects that guarantee a fast payback. This pressure falls particularly heavily on the larger companies; the same companies that a decade or more ago were the ones that brought the more far-reaching and expensive new concepts to market. Fundamental research in atomic spectrometry has been accomplished in the past several decades mostly in the academic environment and in research institutions that are Federally funded. All of the Federally funded research institutions have been forced to alter their missions to more tangible and immediate goals, and many have also seen severe financial reductions.     

光测磁共振及其在研究Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体材料中的应用

光测磁共振技术是一种研究半导体中的杂质缺陷的有效工具,它可以提供有关杂质缺陷的电子结构及与辐射复合过程的关系的信息。这篇文章对光测磁共振的原理和技术进行了讨论,着重评述了最近几年来新的认识和进展。对光测磁共振技术在Ⅲ-V族半导体材料的辐射过程的研究中的应用也进行了评述,比较详细地介绍了对l_np:M_n及G_ap:O的研究工作。     

多时相遥感影像变化检测方法研究进展综述

近年来,随着遥感平台和传感器的发展,已经实现了对地球表面大部分区域的连续重复遥感观测,积累了海量的多源、多尺度、多分辨率遥感数据。这些数据详细记录了地表上各种地物的变化过程,使得基于遥感影像的中长期变化检测等全球变化研究成为可能,并极大地推动了遥感影像处理方法和应用的研究。但是,尽管许多学者已经开展了大量相关的研究工作,目前基于多时相遥感影像的变化检测仍然面临许多挑战,还没有形成相对完整、成熟的理论体系,对相关研究进展的系统性总结工作仍然相对缺乏。回顾了多时相遥感变化检测方法的发展现状,并根据输入数据类型和数量的不同将这些方法分成单时相分类比较法、双时相比较法和时序分析法三类,对其进展情况和特点分别进行总结分析,然后就多时相遥感影像变化检测方法研究中现存的问题加以分析,并尝试探讨了其发展趋势。     

激光驱动高压下材料状态方程实验研究进展

利用激光驱动冲击波进行材料状态方程实验研究已逐渐成为实验室获得材料TPa以上高压状态方程数据的重要途径.文章简述了激光状态方程实验研究方面的进展,重点介绍了激光驱动冲击波的基本特性,激光状态方程实验测量方法,激光驱动冲击波平面性、稳定性及干净性研究,以及激光状态方程实验研究等方面的成果.     

High Pressure Processing for Preservation,Modification and Transformation of Foods

Commercial, high pressure treated food products have been delivered to the Japanese, the US and the European market. Parallel to these development activities intensive research work has been carried out. Within the European Union three major research projects devoted to high pressure research have been completed and a sound knowledge base has been accumulated on inactivation kinetics of microorganisms and enzymes, on biopolymers (proteins, polysaccharides) as well as on real food systems ( e.g. juices, dairy product, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables). One of the obstacles in furthering high pressure development in Europe is the current Novel Food Legislation and its slow execution.     

一维Ga2O3纳米材料及其光电导性能研究进展

一维纳米材料以其特殊的物理和化学性质成为了现在纳米材料研究的热点.目前国内对一维纳米材料研究主要体现在两方面：一是一维纳米材料的制备;二是纳米材料的功能器件研究,如光电探测器、气敏探测器等.本文综述了一维Ga2O3纳米材料的几种常用的制备方法,包括工艺参数及生长机理,并简单介绍了Ga2O3光电导探测器的工作原理及最近的研究成果.     

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies of electron-electron interactions in graphene

Graphene is an emergent research topic that has attracted a huge amount of research interest ever since its experimental demonstration as a two-dimensional realization of Dirac fermions in 2005. In subsequent years, the research on graphene has rapidly expanded its field not only due to the new paradigm to study relativistic high energy physics in a condensed matter, but also due to its potential in the application for next generation devices. Most of the novel phenomena observed so far in graphene are attributed to its low-energy excitations, which is described by those of relativistic Dirac fermions. This article reviews recent progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies of electron-electron interactions in graphene.     

The Four Lives of a Nuclear Accelerator

Electrostatic accelerators have emerged as a major tool in research and industry in the second half of the twentieth century. In particular in low energy nuclear physics they have been essential for addressing a number of critical research questions from nuclear structure to nuclear astrophysics. This article describes this development on the example of a single machine which has been used for nearly sixty years at the forefront of scientific research in nuclear physics. The article summarizes the concept of electrostatic accelerators and outlines how this accelerator developed from a bare support function to an independent research tool that has been utilized in different research environments and institutions and now looks forward to a new life as part of the experiment CASPAR at the 4,850” level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility.