半导体激光器热弛豫时间测试技术研究

利用脉冲工作状态下半导体激光器激射光谱随结温升高发生红移的原理，用Boxcar扫描在一定波长下的半导体激光器光功率随脉冲时间的变化信号，测得其时间分辨光谱；根据对应的峰值光功率出现时刻随波长变化的曲线，计算得到热弛豫时间参量值.利用此方法对一种半导体激光器进行了测试，得到其热弛豫时间为1.2 ms.     

脉冲激光烧蚀中电声弛豫时间的确定

为了提高脉冲激光制备薄膜的质量,准确掌握电声弛豫时间是关键,它对脉冲激光脉宽和能量密度的选取起着决定性的作用. 文中以铝靶材为例,利用经典的双温方程通过时域有限差分法(FDTD)得到电子、离子亚系统的温度随时间和位置演化的图像,进而得到电声弛豫时间的准确值. 这样便能准确划分热烧蚀和非平衡烧蚀,从而更好地控制激光的烧蚀过程. 同时找出了电声弛豫时间随激光脉宽以及能量密度变化的规律. 关键词： 飞秒激光 电声弛豫时间 双温方程 激光能量密度     

1064 nm激光不同辐照时间对小鼠皮肤热损伤的实验与理论研究

通过实验和理论分析的方法研究1064 nm激光不同辐照时间对小鼠皮肤的热损伤规律。利用皮肤镜图像和光学相干断层图像评估小鼠皮肤组织热损伤程度,利用Arrhenius热损伤方程计算热损伤参数,建立激光诱导皮肤组织热损伤模型,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明,在靶功率密度为30 W/mm2的1064 nm激光辐照下,0～100 ms辐照时间内,小鼠皮肤组织损伤可恢复;150～280 ms辐照时间内,小鼠皮肤组织出现水肿现象和热凝固损伤;280～550 ms辐照时间内,小鼠皮肤表皮层出现汽化现象,损伤斑周围出现焦痂,真皮层发生变性;660 ms辐照时间以上,小鼠皮肤表皮层和真皮层出现汽化现象,伤口渗出组织液,皮下组织发生变性。理论分析与实验结果一致,建立的热损伤模型能够验证小鼠皮肤热损伤程度。     

脉冲强激光辐照下材料响应的非傅里叶效应

 研究了在多脉冲强激光辐照下靶材的热传导与热冲击特性。基于非傅里叶导热定律和热弹性理论,推导出多脉冲激光辐照下靶材温度场和热应力场的解析式;结合适当的边界条件,以不锈钢靶材为例,利用有限差分法和Matlab计算得到了多脉冲强激光辐照下靶材内部过余温度随时间和深度演化情况以及内部热应力的演化规律。计算结果表明：多脉冲激光辐照下靶材热响应在离边界不同截面处温度波形变化出现延迟性,其滞后性能与弛豫时间有关;非傅里叶解中应力波的波前十分陡峭,具有明显的热冲击性。     

Research on air tightness of image intensifier tube during laser sealing北大核心CSCD

采用高功率YAG激光焊接机对高性能三代像管管壳后端(4J34可伐合金)与荧光屏屏环(4J49可伐合金)进行封接试验。研究了激光功率、脉冲宽度对焊接接头成型及表面热扩散的影响规律。研究表明:4J34合金与4J49合金表面成型质量在设备最大工作电流100 A,激光功率195 W及脉宽1.7 ms时最好,相对于激光功率,脉冲宽度对焊缝熔宽和熔深的影响更加显著,接头焊接中心区硬化最为严重,其硬度最大,热影响区次之。     

荧光标记的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)链在水溶液中的折叠动力学

使用1.54 μm的激光脉冲(脉宽约10 ns)诱导丹磺酰基标记的热敏性线性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)发生线团到小球的转变．当聚合物链中NIPAM单体与丹磺酰基基团的摩尔比由110增至300时,共价键合到聚合物主链上的丹磺酰基发色团对PNIPAM相转变行为的影响会随之减小．PNIPAM链塌缩经历成核过程(伴随着初始珍珠的形成,快弛豫时间τ_fast=0.1 ms)和珍珠的增长粗化阶段(慢弛豫时间τ_slow=0.5 ms),这与之前使用水溶性的1-苯胺-8-萘磺酸铵盐作为荧光探针研究PNIPAM在水溶液中的折叠动力学得到的结果类似．τ_fast在很宽的分子量范围内都与分子量无关,而τ_slow则随链长增加而略有增大．     

长脉冲激光辐照下环氧树脂的热烧蚀规律

 研究了树脂基复合材料中常用的E-51环氧树脂在ms级脉冲激光辐照下热烧蚀率及质量烧蚀率的变化规律,分析了脉冲激光的辐照时间、峰值功率密度、重复频率以及脉宽对烧蚀率的影响。研究结果表明：随辐照时间的增加热烧蚀率逐渐增大,但辐照一定时间后,热烧蚀率趋于稳定;峰值功率密度的增加能明显提高热烧蚀率,但随峰值功率密度的增加,热烧蚀率的增幅减小直至趋于一定值;热烧蚀率不随脉冲激光重复频率和脉宽的变化而改变,当峰值功率密度一定时,热烧蚀率一定,质量烧蚀率与频率和脉宽成正比。     

紧聚焦飞秒脉冲与石英玻璃相互作用过程中的电子动量弛豫时间研究

本文通过数值模拟(3+1)维扩展的广义非线性薛定谔方程,研究了紧聚焦飞秒激光脉冲在诱导石英玻璃的非线性电离过程中电子动量弛豫时间对于该电离过程的影响.计算结果证明电子动量弛豫时间会直接影响入射脉冲在焦点区域所形成的峰值场强、自由电子态密度和能流等参量的分布态势,因此在与实验结果相比较后发现适合于相互作用过程的电子动量弛豫时间的理论值约为1.27 fs.进一步的研究表明,电子动量弛豫时间与逆韧致吸收效应、雪崩电离的概率、等离子体密度、等离子体的自散焦效果以及间接引起的焦平面位置的移动都有着密切的联系.当前的研究结果表明电子动量弛豫时间在飞秒激光脉冲与物质相互作用的过程中发挥着重要作用.     

激光热诱导PbS纳米微粒的自陷、衍射和自散焦现象

用波长为488nm的氩离子激光与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)修饰的PbS纳米微粒水溶胶作用,观察到了样品的自陷、衍射和自散焦现象,样品的折射率为负。测量了自陷阈值功率,计算了样品的非线性折射率n2。样品响应时间为11.86ms,且对488nm波长的光有吸收,说明样品的上述现象主要是由激光热诱导折射率的改变所引起的。     

混合加宽的宽带钕玻璃激光系统的放大特性研究

通过宽带激光脉冲放大的物理模型,以数值模拟为工具,研究分析了激光系统对不同带宽脉冲的放大能力,以及交叉弛豫时间对脉冲放大特性的影响.计算结果表明,随着带宽的增加,激光系统的输出能力逐渐降低,在其他条件相同时,宽带分别为2,5和10 nm时的输出能量比窄带输出（3000 J,1 ns脉宽）时分别减小了约2％,11％和27％;在带宽为几个纳米时完全非均匀加宽比完全均匀加宽的输出能量（3000 J,1 ns脉宽）降低了约20％;初步确定了交叉弛豫时间的范围为0—10 ns. 关键词： 激光系统 宽带激光 放大过程 交叉弛豫     

Passive Q-switching of Pulsed and CW Nd: YAG Lasers with Cr~(4 ): YAG

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Enhancement of pulsed laser ablation assisted with continuous wave laser irradiation

Continuous wave(CW) laser irradiation is employed to enhance the pulsed laser ablation of silicon and stainless steel(316 L)samples. Different surface temperatures generated by the CW laser irradiation are set as the initial working circumstance for the pulsed laser ablation. The diameter and depth of laser-ablated craters are measured to study threshold fluence, pulse incubation coefficient and ablation rate under different surface temperatures. Numerical simulation employing Heat Transfer in Solid and Deformed Geometry Interface modules in COMSOL is performed to estimate ablation rate theoretically based on Hertz-Knudsen equation. The realized crater-related data are analyzed to further obtain their dependences on surface temperature. The parametric and morphological studies indicate that the weakened plasma shielding effect and thermal diffusion in the ablated region induced by the CW laser irradiation lead to the enhanced pulsed laser ablation significantly.     

Ablation of subsurface tumors using an ultra-short pulse laser

This paper demonstrates the novel technique of ablating subsurface tumors with minimal thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissue using a focused laser beam from an ultra-short pulse diode laser source. Experiments were performed on anesthetized healthy mice as well as mice with mammary tumors in order to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of using a focused-beam, ultra-short pulse laser to ablate subcutaneous tissues. The technique was demonstrated through histological analysis of tissue samples after irradiation of anesthetized mice with or without mammary tumors. To demonstrate the efficacy of subsurface focusing, temperature was monitored at the subsurface tumor location and at the surface in an untranslated sample while irradiating with a focused ultra-short pulsed 1552 nm laser. Results show that temperature rise was dramatically greater at the focal depth than at the surface. Irradiation at the subsurface tumor location while translated over time across the tumor location resulted in precise ablation of the tumor. This work shows that a focused-beam ultra-short pulse 1552 nm laser results in precise ablation at the desired location with high efficacy and a minimal zone of collateral thermal and/or mechanical damage.     

High-power Yb-doped continuous-wave and pulsed fibre lasers

High-power laser generation using Yb-doped double-clad fibres with conversion efficiencies in excess of 80% have attracted much attention during the last decade due to their inherent advantages in terms of very high efficiency, no misalignment due to in-built intracore fibre Bragg gratings, low thermal problems due to large surface to volume ratio, diffraction-limited beam quality, compactness, reliability and fibre-optic beam delivery. Yb-doped fibres can also provide a wide emission band from ～1010 nm to ～1170 nm, which makes it a versatile laser medium to realize continuous-wave (CW), Q-switched short pulse, and mode-locked ultrashort pulse generation for various applications. In this article, a review of Yb-doped CW and pulsed fibre lasers along with our study on self-pulsing dynamics in CW fibre lasers to find its role in high-power fibre laser development and the physical mechanisms involved in its generation has been described. A study on the generation of high-power CW fibre laser of 165 W output power and generation of high peak power nanosecond pulses from acousto-optic Q-switched fibre laser has also been presented.     

Ultrafast temperature relaxation evolution in Au film under femtosecond laser pulses irradiation

Ultrafast temperature relaxation processes in Au film including two temperature relaxation and thermal diffusion relaxation with femtosecond laser pulse excitation were investigated numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). With the temperature dependent thermal parameters, the full 2D temperature field evolution in picosecond and nanosecond domains were obtained. It is proposed that the heat transfer depth can be alternatively localized or enhanced by the distinct temperature relaxation mechanisms. Moreover, the effect of laser parameters and Au film thickness and surface reflectivity on the two temperature relaxation time were analysed.     

CW-COIL激光辐射锗-硫化铅探测器的实验研究

本文叙述了锗－硫化铅（Ｇｅ－ＰｂＳ）探测器的基本特性。分析了激光辐射锗滤光片使用材料升温的穿透深度随时间的变化。在光斑面积２．４６ｍｍ×３．６９ｍｍ和辐照时间０．８ｓ的条件下，得到连续氧碘激光（ＣＷ－ＣＯＩＬ）辐照锗滤光片的烧蚀阈值为１２４Ｗ和破裂阈值为１７７Ｗ的实验数据。在此基础上，进行了ＣＷ－ＣＯＩＬ辐照Ｇｅ－ＰｂＳ探测器的热效应研究，在光斑直径２．１ｍｍ和辐照时间０．８ｓ的条件下，给出ＣＷ－ＣＯＩＬ使Ｇｅ－ＰｂＳ探测器致盲的阈值为１７Ｗ、永久失效的阈值为１９８Ｗ的实验结果。研究结果表明：ＣＷ－ＣＯＩＬ辐照Ｇｅ－ＰｂＳ探测器的破坏机理是激光加热和热应力联合作用的结果。锗滤光片升温，造成硫化铅探测器环境温度升高，导致其探测灵敏度下降为零是ＣＷ－ＣＯＩＬ辐照Ｇｅ－ＰｂＳ探测器产生致盲的原因。激光辐照功率越高，Ｇｅ－ＰｂＳ探测器致盲、恢复时间就越长，甚至造成永久性的失效。     

Thermo-mechanical laser ablation of soft biological tissue: modeling the micro-explosions

Characteristics of thermo-mechanical laser ablation process are investigated using an original numerical model. In contrast with previous models, it is based on a microscopic physical model of the micro-explosion process, which combines thermodynamic behavior of tissue water with elastic response of the solid tissue components. Diffusion of dissipated heat is treated in one dimension, and the amount of thermal damage is assessed using the Arrhenius model of the protein denaturation kinetics. Influence of the pulse fluence and duration on temperature profile development, ablation threshold, and depth of thermal damage is analyzed for the case of Er:YAG laser irradiation of human skin. Influence of mechanical properties on the ablation threshold of soft tissue is predicted theoretically for the first time. In addition, feasibility of deep tissue coagulation with a repetitively pulsed Er:YAG laser is indicated from the model. Received: 9 July 1998 / Revised version: 26 February 1999 / Published online: 26 May 1999     

Investigation of sidewall roughness of the microgrooves manufactured with laser-induced etching technique

A novel laser etching technique utilizing an optical fiber as the laser beam guide is introduced. Depending upon whether a pulsed or a continuous wave (CW) laser is employed as the irradiation source, it was found that the etch depth and surface morphology of the grooves varied significantly. It was then demonstrated that deep microgrooves with smooth sidewalls can be obtained using a hybrid pulse and CW scanning process. The results of laser heating and chemical analyses revealed that sidewall roughness of the microgroove is mainly attributed to surface melting.     

纳秒级脉冲激光诱导Zn掺杂过程中GaN/Al2O3材料的温度分布及热形变解析分析

分析了纳秒级脉冲激光作用下GaN的激光诱导Zn的掺杂过程.利用简化的一维模型，给出一种比较直观的脉冲激光辐照下GaN/Al₂O₃材料温度分布的解析形式，得到了GaN材料表面温度与激光辐照时间的关系以及材料形变与深度的关系.在激光脉冲作用时，GaN材料表面的温度与辐照时间的平方根成正比.脉冲过后，材料温度分布梯度和热形变分布随深度发生变化，接近表面的温度梯度最大，热形变量也最大.而在连续脉冲作用时表面的温度呈锯齿状不断升高. 关键词： 激光诱导 2O₃')" href="#">GaN/Al₂O₃ 温度分布 热形变