宽谱段光学系统消二级光谱的设计

利用修正的部分色散(P)和阿贝数(V)公式,计算一些典型的普通光学玻璃在450nm～950nm波段的色散特性,应用二级光谱理论,采用普通光学材料,设计了一个复消色差系统,分析近红外波段光学系统的二级光谱特性及校正方法,给出设计实例。设计结果表明:在可见光近红外波段,采用重冕玻璃ZK4、ZK8和特种火石玻璃TF3组合实现了二级光谱色差的校正,即从理论的0.18mm减少到0.084mm,证明该系统有较好的消色差能力,并且具有较长的后截距,为安装像移补偿反射镜提供了方便。     

宽波段光学系统三级光谱的校正方法

提出了一种子波段缝合光学玻璃组合的选择方法,通过最小二乘法求解复消色差方程,得到了能有效校正三级光谱的最优化玻璃组合。基于该组合设计了一个宽波段长焦距光学系统,该系统的波长范围为0.45～1.014μm,焦距为400 mm,F数为6,全视场角为10°。系统共有3种光学玻璃,7片球面透镜,调制传递函数(MTF)接近衍射极限。研究结果表明,所提方法可以在复消色差光学系统中实现三级光谱残差的校正。     

空间双波段成像光谱仪红外光学系统的设计

分析了空间双波段成像光谱仪光学系统的光学特性，提出利用光学材料间焦距位移系数的互补性，实现光学系统消热差、消色差设计方法，建立了一组既消热差又消色差的方程组. 给出了利用这种方法设计的视场角10°，焦距100 mm，F数为1.98，温度范围在－20℃~70℃，工作波长为3~5 μm和8~11 μm具有100％冷光栏效应的双波段消热差、消色差光学系统，分析了系统各波段传递函数、波前差及像面位移随温度变化关系.     

350mm口径透射式宽光谱复消色差光学系统设计

为了在室内检测光电测试设备在某种工况下的瞄准线稳定精度、稳定器稳定精度等指标,需通过平行光管来提供无穷远目标。设计指标要求为:采用透射式结构,工作波段400～700nm,D=350mm,焦距为2.8m,视场角为3.5°,全视场内实现复消色差。设计采用柯克三片分离式透镜作为初始结构形式,根据宽光谱复消色差理论,选取玻璃材料,利用校正光学系统色差与二级光谱的条件计算各片透镜的光焦度,求解光学系统初始结构;根据大口径宽光谱平行光管像差要求,引入色球差参数以及消二级光谱参数进行优化,通过玻璃材料匹配,实现复消色差。设计结果:在不引入非球面的情况下,系统接近理论衍射极限,全视场波像差RMS值均优于λ/22,全视场内实现了复消色差,满足设计指标要求。     

透射式内调焦宽光谱光学系统的设计与分析

为了在实现系统内调焦的同时保证宽光谱系统的优良像质,通过合理选材对宽光谱光学系统中存在的位置色差以及二级光谱进行校正,并提出了一种内调焦宽光谱光学系统的设计方法.建立内调焦消色差的数学模型,推导系统设计所需满足的公式.结合提出的数学模型与推导出的公式,以焦距为90mm、F数为2.8、具备内调焦功能的宽光谱光学系统为例进行验证.结果表明,系统可在420~900nm的宽光谱范围内对0.2~200km位置内的目标进行色差校正,验证了内调焦宽光谱光学系统设计方法与消色差数学模型的正确性.     

红外双波段双视场消热差光学系统设计中消波段间色差条件(方法)的研究

通过推导两个波段间由于色散特性差异导致的波段间色差,得到了描述波段间色散能力的波段间色差系数P,并结合光学系统光焦度方程、消色差方程和消热差方程,讨论了考虑材料波段间色散能力的消热差色差系统设计方法,完成了一个共光路红外双波段双视场光学系统的无热化设计。该系统F数为2、焦距为150 mm/50 mm、波长范围为3.7~4.8μm和7.7~10.3μm,共含有8片透镜,3个非球面,在-40℃~60℃温度范围内,各视场均具有较好的成像质量和冷反射特性。     

基于大面阵CCD的复消色差航空相机物镜设计

为了满足航空相机物镜结构简单及高分辨率的要求,提出了一种基于波差法校正长焦距、宽波段的大面阵CCD航空相机物镜二级光谱的方法.介绍了二级光谱的基本原理,给出了波差法设计复消色差物镜的方程组.采用普通光学材料设计了复消色差航空相机物镜,系统焦距为400 mm,相对孔径为F/4,工作波段为420～850 nm.给出了光学系统图、纵向像差图及调制传递函数图.设计结果表明,采用该方法设计的航空相机物镜在60 lp/mm处各视场传递函数均在0.75以上,满足接收器件有效尺寸为36 mm×48 mm的大面阵CCD成像要求.     

超光谱成像光学设计

针对超光谱成像涉及光学、光谱学、机械、微电子、计算机等众多研究领域,成像光谱仪需要小型化设计的要求,设计一个超光谱复消色差的成像系统。从像差理论出发,依据典型的光学玻璃在400 nm~1 000 nm波段的色散特性,导出了消二级光谱的理论公式。针对系统指标全视场7.63,F/#为5,焦距为60 mm,利用ZEMAX软件,对其二级光谱进行了校正设计。结果表明,在可见光和近红外波段,成像系统在60 lp/mm处的MTF均大于0.5,其他像差也达到了要求。     

0.4～1.7μm宽波段大相对孔径光学系统设计

从宽波段范围的消色差条件出发,列表对比了常用光学玻璃材料在可见光、近红外和短波红外三个宽波段范围的色散特性,指出光学玻璃材料在不同波段色散特性的差异,据此论述了一种宽波段光学系统设计过程中各光学玻璃材料的使用与替换方法,并结合复消色差的方法,完成了一个宽波段大相对孔径光学系统的设计,该系统F数为1.4、焦距为70 mm、全视场为6.3°×8.1°、波长范围为0.4~1.7μm。除球罩外,所述系统共采用了4种普通光学玻璃材料,透镜总数为9片、总长为110 mm,在-45℃~60℃温度范围内,均具有较好的成像质量和公差特性。     

静止轨道高光谱海洋水色仪光学系统设计

设计了由超大口径前置望远系统和超大视场光谱仪组成的超大口径高光谱海洋水色仪.前置望远系统采用同轴三反光学系统结构,口径为4 m,视场为0.64°,焦距为21.6 m,波段范围为400~1 000nm.超大视场光谱仪采用改进的Offner结构,视场为240mm,光谱分辨率为10nm.探测器像元尺寸为15μm×15μm,4片探测器交错拼接实现400km幅宽.超大视场光谱仪在400~1 000nm的宽波段内,点列图半径的均方根值均小于3.9μm,静止轨道高光谱海洋水色仪全系统不同波长的MTF在33.3lp/mm处大于0.52,各项指标均满足应用要求.     

Focal length measurement based on Hartmann–Shack principle

A novel means of focal length measurement is proposed based upon Hartmann–Shack principle of wavefront detection. Mathematical approaches of focal length measurement are deduced without the necessity of knowing the position of lens principle plane. In experiment, laser sources with wavelength of 633 nm and 780 nm are separately used and focal length of three pieces of doublets is measured under two wavelengths mentioned above. As were shown by the results, this method of focal length measurement could not only accurately measure lens focal length, but also evaluate chromatic aberration of them. Since the intensity of light is detected by CCD, optical characteristics of lens beyond the range of visible light are also measurable when response range of CCD allows. This new means of focal length measurement is characterized by high accuracy, fast measuring and easy to setup, thereby, it is applicable in wide fields of area.     

非球面透镜在两波长间的补偿检验

在检验光路中,采用补偿透镜来补偿口径为φ500mm的非球面透镜的使用波长(λ=1053nm)与检测波长(λ=632.8nm)之间的色差。给出补偿透镜的求解方法,得到非球面透镜的补偿检验光路,并就非球面透镜的检验精度进行分析。通过精度分析可以看出,在此种补偿检验光路下,非球面透镜的透射波前PV不低于0.2λ(λ=632.8nm),可满足元件的精度要求。     

衍射光学透镜色散特性的仿真研究

在白光照射下,衍射光学透镜的焦距不仅同材料色散和波长色散有关,而且还同孔径因子有关。基于折射率随波长变化的经验公式,利用自编的仿真计算程序包,得到了透镜焦距、材料色散、波长色散、孔径因子之间的关系曲线。所获得的理论分析和仿真计算结果为进一步设计消色差的纯衍射目视光学系统提供了理论依据,具有一定的指导意义。     

Hybrid lens with corrected sphero-chromatic aberration

An optical imaging element is considered, which consists of a plano-convex spherical glass lens and a holographic lens recorded on the flat surface. Such a ‘hybrid lens’ enables one simultaneously to correct spherical aberration and longitudinal chromatism for two given wavelengths. The imaging quality of such an achromatic lens of focal length f = 100 mm and relative aperture 1:10 is evaluated by the ray tracing method. The results ensure that the performance of such a hybrid lens is acceptable for field angles as high as 5:100.     

放大率恒定的二元光学超光谱成像仪光学系统设计

二元光学元件具有多种应用。用作透镜，在原理上色差非常大，若不在设计上做出补偿，则会限制其在宽波段上的使用。从理论上简单阐述了利用具有独特色散特性的二元光学元件的新型超光谱成像仪的基本原理和应用前景。在此超光谱成像仪中，二元光学透镜焦距随波长的变化改变了系统的F数，因此改变了系统的放大率，既系统放大率是波长的函数，这将引起光谱图像的像元配准误差，得到并不精确的相对光谱信号强度，从而限制了光谱图像重建算法的精度，为了补偿这一缺点，通过光学二组元法设计的变焦系统成功地解决了这一问题，并给出了理论设计公式。     

Optimization of 350× optical zoom lens with diffractive optical element

Through researching and validating, a set of optical designs using a diffractive optical element (DOE) and optimization process has been derived in this paper. We put forward a set of theories to solve the numerous quality issues in imaging and applied it to an optical design. For an optical design to be successful, it must comply with the standards of the optical system. Optical designers must also take into consideration imaging quality, wherein the most influential aspects are chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration. We complied with systemic standards such as effective focal length and total system length. Diffractive Optical Element, based on the theory of wave phase difference, takes advantage of negative Abbe number, which might significantly eliminate chromatic aberrations of optics. Following the advanced technology applied to micro lens and etching process, precisely made micro DOE element now is possible to be manufactured in a large number. A 350× zoom lens with DOE is demonstrated in the proposal. The results show that regardless of whether chromatic aberration is axial or longitudinal, issues concerning the optical lens's chromatic aberration could be significantly reduced.     

Diffractive-Refractive Achromatic Lens for Optical Disk System by Glass Molding

An erasable optical disk system requires an objective lens having minimum chromatic aberration. We estimated the chromatic aberration of a conventional refractive singlet. At shorter wavelengths, the focus shift of an objective lens exceeds its depth of focus. A diffractive-refractive hybrid lens can compensate chromatic aberration perfectly. Diffraction efficiency, however, decreases with the degree of compensation. We simulated the relationship between chromatic aberration and diffraction efficiency. Fabrication of designed lenses by glass molding was achieved, and the results showed excellent agreement with the simulation.     

Analyzing wavelength behavior of a cubic phase mask imaging system based on modulation transfer function

The wavefront coding technology is an effectively method for extending the depth of field. However, the phase delayed by the phase mask changes with light wavelength, and the chromatic aberration is caused by chromatic dispersion of the optical elements. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the cubic phase mask (CPM) system is derived with considering the axial chromatic aberration and optical path difference variation with wavelength, and the wavelength behavior of CPM system is analyzed in details. We yield that the MTF is approximately wavelength invariant within a certain frequency bandwidth, and the bandwidth is nearly inverse proportional to wavelength and varies with axial chromatic aberration. The effect induced by dispersion of the CPM material is very weak. If the CPM system is illuminated by wideband spectral light and the ACA exists, then the frequency bandwidth may become narrower than the monochromatic case, and the position of image sensor can be relocated to balance frequency bandwidth among all wavelengths.