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为了满足破片迎风面积测量高效率、高准确度的要求,采用了四台并行工作的摄像机和四个微距摄影测量型电动变焦镜头组成破片迎风面积测量系统,大大提高了测量效率和测量准确度.本文详细介绍了该系统的微距摄影测量型电动变焦镜头,并对测量误差进行了分析.系统的测量相对误差小于5%,单个破片的测量时间小于30s. 相似文献
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用微机自动测量重力加速度程志惠(中国人民解放军军需工业学校邢台054035)用普通单摆测量重力加速度一般精度仅能达到千分之几,而且测量比较繁琐.为提高测量精度和简化测量过程,本人对单摆装置作了改进,并采用286微机,实现了高精度自动测量.相对误差仅为... 相似文献
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针对大尺寸物体形貌测量应用,设计一种视觉形貌测量新方法。该方法是将两套没有公共视场的单目视觉传感器组合起来联合交汇,分别用于位姿测量和单目多位置交汇测量。位姿测量通过求解PnP问题为单目多位置交汇测量提供位姿信息。单目多位置交汇测量利用位姿测量提供的辅助信息通过光束平差解算出待测物的形貌。分析了系统原理,给出位姿测量PnP算法实现过程,介绍了非公共视场相机的标定方法原理,分析了单目多位置交汇测量的原理并给出实现方法。最后进行了测量方法的验证实验,实验结果表明,在3 m×3 m的工作范围内系统测量精度为5 mm,证明该方法可以用于大尺寸物体形貌测量,且结构简单轻便,具有很强的灵活性。 相似文献
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基于Ronchi光栅的泰伯效应,在理论上分析了温度场的波动对长焦距测量系统稳定性的影响。通过大量实验研究验证了在长焦距测量系统中内部和外部温度场的波动引起空气折射率的随机变化,进而影响到测量系统焦距测量值的稳定性。在对测量系统He-Ne激光源采取水循环降温、切断系统外部冷热源、对测量系统中光栅对采取隔热封装等有效措施后,使长焦距测量系统的重复性测量精度提高了5~8倍,标准差达到了0.1‰左右,测量数据波动范围在5 mm左右,其测量精度及其稳定性均达到了实际测量的要求。 相似文献
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准确地测量含有广角耦合物镜的图像显示系统的几何畸变是实现图像显示系统几何畸变数字校正的前提和关键。提出了一种以非量测广角数码相机为测量设备的几何畸变的测量方法,首先给出了广角数码相机镜头畸变的标定方法,确定了数码相机镜头畸变系数,然后讨论了基于广角数码相机和Photoshop软件进行图像显示系统几何畸变测量的测量方法,分析了影响测量精度的因素。最后,将本文的测量结果与基于点物成像原理,采用单轴转台和普通数码相机进行测量的测量结果进行了对比,二者吻合得较好。从测量结果看,本文给出的测量方法,其测量精度可以满足工程要求,简单、易行。 相似文献
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可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术测量CO2浓度时,由于测量氛围温度变化的影响引起气体吸收谱线的线强和线型发生变化,最终导致浓度测量存在较大误差。为了克服温度变化对浓度测量的影响,选用中心波长在1 580 nm的DFB激光器,基于直接吸收法,模拟电厂尾部烟道内的高浓度二氧化碳气体环境,研究了在常温(298 K)和变温(298~338 K、间隔10 K)不同温度工况下CO2浓度的测量。结果显示,常温浓度测量的最大相对误差为-5.26%,最小相对误差为1.25%,相对误差均方值为3.39%,验证了TDLAS测量系统在常温下有着良好的测量精度和稳定性,但其在变温测量时浓度测量结果误差较大,其最大相对误差已经超过25%。为了修正温度变化对浓度测量结果的影响,适应工业测量的需要,在变温测量基础上利用最小二乘法拟合出测量系统在不同温度下的浓度与气体吸收的修正关系式。经过修正后,CO2浓度测量的相对误差降到5%以下,相对误差均方值降到3.5%以下。修正结果表明,所提出的修正方法可以有效抑制温度变化对浓度测量结果的影响,显著提高了测量系统在变温环境下的测量精度和稳定性,为TDLAS系统测量CO2浓度的现场应用提供了理论支持和技术保障。 相似文献
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The probability distributions of the fractional intensities and amplitudes of x-ray reflections from a pair of imperfectly
related structures are derived when both the structures satisfy the requirements of a given type of basic Wilson distribution.
These two distributions are used to obtain theoretical expressions for 2 new fractional type ofR-indices which are expected to be useful in the final stages of refinement. The theoretical distributions are also used to
deduce some theoretical distributions which are useful as tests for centrosymmetry via the random permutation method. The
theoretical values of the relevant semi-cumulative functions are also tabulated. 相似文献
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Rodney Loudon 《物理学进展》2013,62(66):243-280
The contributions of magnons to the optical properties of antiferromagnets having the rutile structure are discussed. The properties considered are electric-dipole active two-magnon absorption in the infra-red, and magnon sidebands on sharp-line exciton transitions in the visible. The discussion is based on a thorough treatment of the properties of excitons and magnons in the antiferromagnetically ordered state. The site-group and space-group symmetries of the magnetic excitations are derived and the selection rules for electric and magnetic dipole transitions are determined. The occurrence of magnetic Davydov splittings of the excitons is investigated, and their symmetry properties throughout the Brillouin zone are derived. The functional dependences of exciton energy on wave vector are calculated. Applications of the theory are made to experimental results on excitons and magnons in MnF2, FeF2 and CoF2. The possible mechanisms for two-magnon and magnon-sideband absorption are discussed, and the influence of crystal symmetry on these mechanisms is described. The two-magnon state responsible for electric-dipole absorption is identified and selection rules for electric-dipole activity are presented. A spin Hamiltonian for the two-magnon process is set up and used to derive expressions for absorption coefficients for electric vector parallel and perpendicular to the crystal c-axis. Comparison with experiment for MnF2 yields numerical values for the parameters of the basic coupling mechanism. The exciton-magnon states which give rise to magnon-sideband absorption are explicitly constructed and electric-dipole selection rules are derived for all possible types of sideband. Spin Hamiltonians for the various magnonsideband absorption processes are presented and used to derive expressions for sideband shapes. The results are applied to the experimental spectra for MnF2 and FeF2 and the sideband shapes in MnF2 are calculated numerically. The sideband shapes observable in emission spectra are also briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Adam W. Marczewski 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(13):5818-5826
Static and kinetic studies on adsorption of nitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol and 4-chlorophenol on two mesoporous carbons are performed. The carbon properties are analyzed by means of nitrogen adsorption. The adsorption experiments are performed in acidic buffer solutions in a wide range of concentrations. The static experiments are analyzed by means of Langmuir-Freundlich and Freundlich isotherms. The Lagergren, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle-diffusion and multi-exponent equations are used in the analysis of kinetic equilibria. 相似文献
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以常见的有机磷农药对硫磷和甲基对硫磷为对象,采用量子化学半经验方法AM1优化它们的基态构型,然后采用单激发组态相互作用CIS方法将基态构型优化为激发态构型。在此基础上,采用含时密度泛函TD-DTF,在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)水平下,分别计算了它们基态构型的吸收光谱和激发态构型的荧光发射光谱。优化完成后的基态构型经振动分析,均未出现虚频率,说明得到的构型基本合理。比较优化完成后的基态和激发态的构型推测了光谱产生的机理,光谱的理论值与使用英国Edinburgh FLS920P光谱仪测得的实验值基本吻合,说明了推测的合理性。以上研究为农药的光谱检测提供了一定的理论支持。 相似文献
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讨论了反光材料的光度学特性 ,并在此基础上讨论了反光材料的色度性能 ,分析了不同测试方法的优缺点和两种不同色差计测试结果的差别 相似文献
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R. Brunner R. Meisels F. Kuchar M. ElHassan J. Bird K. Ishibashi 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2004,21(2-4):491
The properties of open quantum dots are examined in magneto-transport. The quantum dots are prepared from a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in AlGaAs/GaAs by lateral gate structures. These quantum dots are open, i.e. they are still connected to the surrounding 2DES regions. The low magnetic field magnetoresistance shows peak structures. These structures can be related to semi-classical ballistic trajectories in the confining potential of a dot. The calculations of different confining potentials (abrupt “hard-wall” and parabolic “soft-wall”) are compared with the experimental results. The experiments are better described by a soft-wall potential. 相似文献