金丝桃素的稳定性

紫外-可见光谱研究了光、温度、pH、Na2SO3及抗坏血酸对金丝桃素稳定性的影响。避光条件下,金丝桃素在580—589nm波长处的吸光度值保持12h内不变;光照或t=70℃时,pH=9溶液的吸光度值明显下降,加入抗坏血酸或Na2SO3后,吸光度值可稳定不变。研究表明,金丝桃素对光、热稳定性差,尤其是在碱性环境中;抗坏血酸和Na2SO3具有稳定作用。     

毛泡桐花黄酮类化合物的稳定性研究

研究了毛泡桐花黄酮类化合物在不同条件下的稳定性,结果表明:自然光对毛泡桐花黄酮有一定的降解作用;温度对其稳定性影响不明显;碳水化合物对该黄酮类化合物的稳定性有一定的影响;产品在pH=5-6的弱酸性条件下比较稳定,在强酸强碱溶液中不稳定;金属离子K 、Na 、Mg2 、Zn2 、Ca2 对化合物有稳定作用,Al3 、Fe3 影响明显;质量分数为2%的氧化剂H2O2和还原剂Na2SO3对产品稳定性的影响不明显.还原剂Vc的影响较大.     

Na2SO3溶液的拉曼光谱研究和保存

使用抗坏血酸(VC)代替甲醛作为保护剂,通过拉曼光谱仪测试SO32-、SO42-的拉曼峰的转变过程来观察Na2 SO3溶液变质情况,测试简单,快速.实验表明,Na2 SO3溶于煮沸冷却后的蒸馏水,以VC作为保护剂,当浓度为0.5 mol/L时,可以持续暴露在空气中保存12h以内不变质;当通入N2或煮沸冷却后的蒸馏水或添...     

免疫纳米金催化光度法测定痕量补体C3

在pH值为5.6的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸(Na2HPO4-C6H8O7)缓冲溶液及PEG存在下,金标记羊抗人补体C3与补体C3发生特异性结合生成胶体金免疫复合物。以12 000 r.min-1速度离心分离获得未反应的免疫金上层溶液。以它作晶种,在pH 2.97柠檬酸钠-盐酸(Na3C6H5O7-HCl)缓冲溶液-53.33μg.mL-1HAuCl4-74.13μg.mL-1NH2OH.HCl溶液中及37℃恒温水浴条件下反应显色3 min内。结果表明,随着C3浓度增大,离心上层溶液中免疫金浓度降低,760 nm处的吸光度线性降低,测定C3的线性范围为0.025～0.60 ng.mL-1,回归方程为ΔA760 nm=0.276c 0.025 4,相关系数(r)为0.990 3,检测限(3σ)为0.007 2 ng.mL-1。本法具有灵敏、快速和高的特异性,用于定量分析人血清补体C3,结果满意。     

多波长负吸收褪色光度法测定微量亚硝酸根及其反应机理

采用负吸收光谱校正技术,研究了在1.0 mol.dm-3盐酸介质中,亚硝酸根与吖啶黄反应的吸收光谱。基于负吸光度值或吸光度之和AT值在一定范围内与亚硝酸根浓度呈线性关系,建立了多波长负吸收褪色光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根的动力学新方法,线性范围7.2×10-6~3.6×10-4mol.dm-3,RSD 1.06%~3.12%,CV(recovery)98.00%~100.20%。方法用于环境水样中亚硝酸根的测定,准确度高,选择性好,多数常见离子无干扰,结果满意可靠。初步探讨了反应机理,根据反应体系中吸收峰的变化与溶液酸度、试剂加入顺序、溶液温度、反应时间、介质酸的种类等因素的关系,认为,在适宜的pH值、温度及有序加入介质的条件下,吖啶黄与亚硝酸根发生的是重氮化偶联反应。     

紫外光谱法研究黄药在黄铜矿表面的吸附热力学与动力学

在紫外吸收光谱范围内对黄药溶液进行扫描，发现在波长226.5和300 nm处有两个明显吸收峰，且300 nm处的吸收峰强于226.5 nm处的。采用标准曲线法对不同浓度的标准样品进行浓度测量，对所得数据进行线性拟合，结果表明：在波长226.5和300 nm处的线性相关性均较好，但在波长300 nm处的相关性更佳，在226.5 nm处进行高浓度黄药溶液测量，可在300 nm处进行低浓度黄药溶液测量。在300 nm下对不同浓度黄药溶液进行定量分析，结果表明，最大吸光度为1.672，最小吸光度为0.032时，黄药溶液标准曲线的线性相关性仍很好，吸光度继续增大时，相关系数降低，在进行定量分析时，黄药浓度最好不要超过20 mg·L-1。在不同pH条件下，在300 nm处对黄药溶液进行浓度测量，发现pH为3时，吸光度下降，黄药开始分解，当溶液pH为2时，所测吸光度为0，黄药已完全分解，pH值在5~10范围内，黄铜矿对黄药吸附较好，溶液最佳吸附pH值为9。在300 nm处测量黄药在黄铜矿表面吸附量，分别采用Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附模型方程、准一级和准二级动力学方程模型对所得实验数据进行拟合，研究其在黄铜矿表面的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明：在288～303 K范围内，温度变化对吸附量多少影响不大，黄药在黄铜矿表面的吸附等温线更符合Langmuir等温线模型，黄铜矿对黄药的实际平衡吸附量Q_e均小于或接近理论单层饱和吸附量，Q_m值均与实验值极为接近，说明黄药在黄铜矿表面的吸附以单层化学吸附为主。随着温度升高，吸附量增加，说明升高温度有利于吸附过程进行，黄铜矿对黄药的吸附为吸热过程，但吸附量增加幅度很小，说明黄药在黄铜矿表面吸附受温度影响较小。该吸附过程是一个熵增、吸热、自发进行的过程，热力学参数可通过范特霍夫方程计算得到，吸附焓变ΔH为48.703 41 kJ·mol-1，熵变ΔS为219.403 88 J·(mol·K)-1，吸附自由能变ΔG为-16.054 93 kJ·mol-1，推测该吸附过程属于化学吸附；黄铜矿对黄药的吸附更符合准二级动力学方程模型，Q_t值随着温度升高而增大，且变化幅度很小，表明黄药在黄铜矿表的吸附过程为吸热过程，但受温度变化较小，这与热力学分析的结论一致，对方程拟合所得Q_e值均与实验值极为接近。     

血液中碳氧血红蛋白饱和度的双波长分光光度简便测定法

本文报道血液中碳氧血红蛋白基于吸光度差值的双波长分光光度检测方法,检血用含有Na2S2O4的溶液释得到HbCO和Hb的双组分溶液,Hb有相同吸光度的双波长处的吸光度差值只反映HbCO的浓度,HbCO有相同吸光度的双波长处的光度差值只反映Hb的浓度,测定了这此吸光度差值可以利用约定的公式计算出检血的HbCO%.进行比较实验,当检出是由HbCO和Hb溶液混合制备时,本方法测定值与理论值严格一致,当检血是中毒案件检血时,本方法测定值与可靠方法的测定值严格一致.     

甲基橙溶液的pH值对纳米银荧光增强效应的影响

研究了甲基橙溶液的pH对纳米银荧光增强效应的影响.当pH 1.5和2.1时,纳米银对溶液的吸收光谱影响甚小.当pH 3.1时,吸收峰蓝移26 nm,且强度明显降低.当pH值在3.8～8.2范围时,不仅吸收峰蓝移而且在426～456 nm出现宽吸收带.在任何pH值的甲基橙溶液中加入纳米银,S2→S0跃迁荧光发射带强度下降,但下降比率受pH值影响不大;S1→S0跃迁荧光发射带强度增强,其增强比率受pH值影响较大.当pH 2.1时,荧光增强比率最大;当pH 4.8时,荧光增强比率最小.分析认为,pH值对甲基橙溶液光谱性质的影响与不同pH值条件下甲基橙分子结构的改变以及分子在纳米银粒子表面不同的吸附方式、介质环境等因素相关,尤其与甲基橙分子与纳米银粒子间的距离密切相关.     

黄芩素的酶解提取工艺及其抑制弹性蛋白酶活性研究

利用正交试验对中药黄芩中提取黄芩素酶解工艺进行了初步探讨,确定最佳酶解工艺条件：温度为40℃、pH6.0、时间12h时,黄芩素含量最高;利用酶活力法对黄芩素体外抑制弹性蛋白酶活性进行了研究,发现黄芩素对弹性蛋白酶具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率达92.98%。     

中性红分光光度法测定肝素钠的研究

在pH 3.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,中性红与肝素钠相互作用形成复合物而导致溶液吸收光谱发生变化,用分光光度法对光谱变化进行了研究.中性红溶液在523 nm处有一个强的特征吸收峰,当在其溶液中加入肝素钠后,溶液发生褪色现象,吸收峰强度降低,且没有新的吸收峰出现,吸光度差值(△A)与肝素钠的浓度成正比.对结合反应的条件进行了优化,在最佳条件下利用溶液吸光度值的降低与肝素钠浓度的关系建立了一种测定肝素钠浓度的新方法,测定的线性范围为0.10～15.0 mg·L-1,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.037×106L·mol-1·cm-1,检测限(3σ)为0.073 mg·L-1.将该方法应用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定,结果令人满意.用摩尔比法对复合物的结合比进行了推算,两者形成1:3的复合物.     

2,6-二氯靛酚钠法测定果汁饮料中的维生素C

采用2:6-二氯靛酚钠法测定了3种市售果汁饮料中的维生素C含量,并讨论了温度和存放时间对测定结果的影响.结果表明,温度升高或延长存放时间都会导致维生素C含量显著降低.因此从补充维生素C的角度看,果汁饮料最好是在常温下直接饮用,且开盖后应尽快饮用完.     

䓛与鲱鱼精子DNA相互作用及其影响因素的光谱学分析

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和共振光散射法研究䓛（chrysene，CHR）与鲱鱼精子DNA的相互作用，通过计算其DNA结合饱和值来评估CHR对DNA的结合能力。此外，还分别考察了温度，pH，氯化钠，氯化钙，维生素C，十二烷基磺酸钠等环境因素对CHR与DNA相互作用的影响，为下一步利用DNA构建消除CHR的方法奠定基础。紫外可见光谱显示, 加入DNA后，CHR的最大吸收峰出现减色效应且伴随有红移现象，这说明CHR与DNA的相互作用属于嵌插结合模式。共振光散射光谱结果表明CHR在468 nm处出现稳定的共振光散射峰。当CHR的浓度为2.59×10-6 mol·L-1时，其饱和DNA浓度为3.08×10-6 mol·L-1，CHR的DNA结合饱和值在25 ℃时为0.84，而当pH=7.40，30 ℃时，CHR的DNA结合饱和值则达到0.94。在此条件下，氯化钠，氯化钙，维生素C，十二烷基磺酸钠对CHR与DNA相互作用的影响也不同，相应CHR的DNA结合饱和值分别为0.84，0.76，1.25和1.07。以30 ℃时CHR的DNA结合饱和值为基准，各环境共存物下的相应DNA结合饱和值变化率分别为-10%，-19%，33%和14%，说明阳离子的存在会抑制CHR与DNA的结合，而一定浓度的维生素C和十二烷基磺酸钠则对CHR与DNA的结合有协同促进作用。本研究结果可为建立新的基于DNA嵌插的CHR去除法提供参考。     

A study of electrochemically-induced corrosion of low carbon steel in a medium modelling acid rain

Complementary electrochemical, spectrophotometric and electron microsopic investigations were made in addition to the conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopic (CEMS) measurements to learn more about the mechanism of corrosion of low carbon steel samples in aqueous sulfate and sulfite containing sulfate solutions (pH 3.5, 6.5 and 8.5). Passivation of iron in pure sulfate solution was studied in detail in earlier papers. In the present work, we used a solution containing both sulfate and sulfite anions to obtain more information about the effect of acid rain on low carbon steel samples. The compositions and thicknesses of the passive films formed due to the electrochemical treatments were determined from the CEM spectra. -FeOOH was found in each case on the surface of the samples; nevertheless, at pH 3.5 the sextet belonging to Fe₃C appears in the CEM spectra, and also FeSO₄ · H₂O was detected in low concentration after the shortest polarization time (90 min). The results of the applied methods proved that the sulfite ions induce pitting corrosion at pH 3.5 and 6.5, while the measurements referred to suppressed pitting at pH 8.5.     

Chemical etching op fission tracks in ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer

The chemical etching of fission tracks in ethylene-tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer was studied. Etched holes 3000–4000 Å in diameter was recognized by electron microscopy for a film bombarded by fission fragments in oxygen and etched in a 12N sodium hydroxide solution at 125°C. The radial etching rate at 125°C was 6–8 Å/hr, which is less than 17 Å/hr for polyvinylidene fluoride in the same sodium hydroxide concentration at 85°C. The smaller rate is a reflection of the larger chemical resistivity of ethylene-tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer than polyvinylidene fluoride.     

Hydrodynamic cavitation coupled with zero-valent iron produces radical sulfate radicals by sulfite activation to degrade direct red 83

In the present research, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and zero-valent iron (ZVI) were used to generate sulfate radicals through sulfite activation as a new source of sulfate for the efficient degradation of Direct Red 83 (DR83). A systematic analysis was carried out to examine the effects of operational parameters, including the pH of the solution, the doses of ZVI and sulfite salts, and the composition of the mixed media. Based on the results, the degradation efficiency of HC/ZVI/sulfite is highly dependent upon the pH of the solution and the dosage of both ZVI and sulfite. Degradation efficiency decreased significantly with increasing solution pH due to a lower corrosion rate for ZVI at high pH. The corrosion rate of ZVI can be accelerated by releasing Fe²⁺ ions in an acid medium, reducing the concentration of radicals generated even though ZVI is solid/originally non-soluble in water. The degradation efficiency of the HC/ZVI/sulfite process (95.54 % + 2.87%) was found to be significantly higher under optimal conditions than either of the individual processes (<6% for ZVI and sulfite and 68.21±3.41% for HC). Based on the first-order kinetic model, the HC/ZVI/sulfite process has the highest degradation constant of 0.035±0.002 min⁻¹. The contribution of radicals to the degradation of DR83 by the HC/ZVI/sulfite process was 78.92%, while the contribution of SO₄^•− and ^•OH radicals was 51.57% and 48.43%, respectively. In the presence of HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ ions, DR83 degradation is retarded, whereas SO₄²⁻ and Cl⁻ ions promote degradation. To summarise, the HC/ZVI/sulfite treatment can be viewed as an innovative and promising method of treating recalcitrant textile wastewater.     

图像边界识别法对气液传质理论的实验研究

文章根据双膜理论,分析了气液反应的吸收机理,用图像边界识别法测量亚硫酸盐强制氧化气液反应速率。在测量氧化速率时,让单个氧气泡在亚硫酸钠溶液中反应,用数码相机拍下氧气泡由于反应而不断缩小的照片,用图像处理程序进行分析、识别,最后计算得出氧化速率。实验结果与理论分析结果相同,证明了该方法的正确性及其可以作为气液传质理论研究的测量方法。     

pH-dependent effect of heat-induced antigen retrieval of epoxy section for electron microscopy

The aim was to examine how the pH in the antigen retrieval medium (citrate) affects the yield of immunogold labeling of epoxy sections. Renal swine tissue with glomerular immune complex deposits with reactivity against IgG was embedded in epoxy resin. Prior to immunogold labeling with anti-IgG, ultrathin sections from these blocks were exposed to antigen retrieval by heating in citrate solution (pH 6, 9 or 12) at 95 degrees C in a PCR-machine or at 121 or 135 degrees C min in an autoclave. The level of immunogold labeling was significantly higher for pH 12 than for pH 6 when heated at 95 degrees C (50% more intense), but at the cost of the ultrastructural preservation of the tissue. At pH 12 and temperature 135 degrees C the epoxy sections were completely destroyed. The sections which had been heated at 135 degrees C, pH 6 appeared significantly better both with respect to intensity of immunogold labeling (85% more intense) and to ultrastructural preservation than those which were heated at 95 degrees C, pH 12. Therefore, our results indicate that relatively low pH (pH 6) and high temperature is the method of choice, but low temperature and high pH can be used when an autoclave is not available.     

Viscometric Study of the Gelatin Solutions Ranging from Dilute to Extremely Dilute Concentrations

The viscosity of gelatin solutions with concentrations between 10^?4 and 10^?5 g/cm³, covering the extremely dilute zones, was studied via a photoelectric viscometer, and the effects of the electrolyte, pH, surfactant, urea, and temperature were discussed. The results showed that the reduced viscosity (η_sp/C) of gelatin exhibited a drastic increase with dilution in the extremely dilute aqueous solutions, this being a typical polyelectrolyte effect. The reduced viscosity of gelatin underwent several oscillations with varying pH; the minimum value of the viscosity was at pH = 5.0, corresponding to its isoelectric point, where gelatin exhibited antipolyelectrolyte behavior. The reduced viscosity of gelatin decreased with increasing temperature, which was due to the helix–coil transition in the gelatin solution. The temperature of the helix–coil transition was 30.0°C in gelatin aqueous solution; however the temperature of helix–coil transition decreased to 20.0°C in urea. Upon cooling, the gelatin molecules in aqueous solution underwent a coil–helix transition. Hydrophobic interactions caused chain folding in the presence of the surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate.     

吖啶橙-罗丹明6G能量转移荧光猝灭法测定维生素B12

研究了吖啶橙(AO)与罗丹明6G(R6G)间发生能量转移的最佳条件,在pH5·0的Na2HPO4-柠檬酸缓冲溶液,十二烷基苯磺酸钠介质中,AO-R6G间发生有效能量转移,使R6G荧光大大增强。维生素B12(VB12)的加入使AO-R6G体系的荧光猝灭,以此建立了利用AO-R6G能量转移荧光猝灭法测定维生素B12的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,维生素B12工作曲线的线性范围为:0~3·0×10-5mol·L-1;检出限为:4·8×10-7mol·L-1;平行6次测定相对标准偏差为0·51%~0·64%;回收率为98·40%~103·62%。该方法的稳定性好,选择性高,用于维生素B12注射液中维生素B12含量的测定,结果满意。     

E-glass fibers coated with nickel phosphorous by electroless deposition technique

The nickel phosphorous catalyst coating was studied on the E-glass fiber by electroless deposition using sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent in alkaline medium. The effects of deposition time, deposition temperature, pH of the solution, and amount of stabilizer used in the solution on the coating efficiency were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The XRD indicates the presence of amorphous and crystalline phases of Ni and nickel–phosphorous (NiP). From TGA, it is evident that the NiP coating increases the thermal stability and magnetic properties of the glass fiber. The bath temperature of 80 °C, pH of 9 to 9.5, and stabilizer concentration of 25 g/l are optimum to get a good and uniform coating of NiP on glass fiber. Carbon nanotubes were successfully coated on NiP coated glass fiber at a temperature of 700 °C.