Formant frequency analysis of children''s spoken and sung vowels using sweeping fundamental frequency production

High-pitched productions present difficulties in formant frequency analysis due to wide harmonic spacing and poorly defined formants. As a consequence, there is little reliable data regarding children's spoken or sung vowel formants. Twenty-nine 11-year-old Swedish children were asked to produce 4 sustained spoken and sung vowels. In order to circumvent the problem of wide harmonic spacing, F₁ and F₂ measurements were taken from vowels produced with a sweeping F₀. Experienced choir singers were selected as subjects in order to minimize the larynx height adjustments associated with pitch variation in less skilled subjects. Results showed significantly higher formant frequencies for speech than for singing. Formants were consistently higher in girls than in boys suggesting longer vocal tracts in these preadolescent boys. Furthermore, formant scaling demonstrated vowel dependent differences between boys and girls suggesting non-uniform differences in male and female vocal tract dimensions. These vowel-dependent sex differences were not consistent with adult data.     

CHClF2在强红外激光作用下C2*d3Пg态的形成机制

用TEACO₂激光辐照CHCIF₂分子生成电子激发态C₂^*自由基,观察到斯旺带系的六个谱带。本文根据C₂分子态位能曲线的特点,提出C₂^*d³Π_g态的形成机制。C₂是少数较特殊的分子之一,其激发态b³Σ_g^-与第一激发态a关键词：     

VO2薄膜表面氧缺陷的修复:F4TCNQ分子吸附反应

VO₂表面氧缺陷的存在对VO₂材料具有显著的电子掺杂效应, 极大地影响材料的本征电子结构和相变性质. 通过2, 3, 5, 6-四氟-7, 7', 8, 8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌(F₄TCNQ)分子表面吸附反应, 可以有效消除表面氧缺陷及其电子掺杂效应. 利用同步辐射光电子能谱和X射线吸收谱原位研究了修复过程中电子结构的变化以及界面的化学反应, 发现这种方式使得VO₂薄膜样品氩刻后得到的V³⁺失去电子成功地被氧化成原先的V⁴⁺, 同时F₄TCNQ分子吸附引起电子由衬底向分子层转移, 界面形成带负电荷的分子离子物种. 受电化学性质的制约, F₄TCNQ分子吸附反应修复氧缺陷较氧气氛退火更安全有效, 不会引起表面过度氧化形成V₂O₅.     

Long-term maintenance of fundamental frequency increases in male-to-female transsexuals

Fundamental frequency for 10 male-to-female transsexuals at longterm follow-up (FUP₀) was compared to fundamental frequency at initial consultation (IF₀) and at discharge from treatment (DF₀). Fundamental frequency (F₀) values for the three occasions were significantly different [F_(2,18) = 24.79, P < .0001] Group mean fundamental frequencies were 125.5 Hz at initial consultation, 168.1 Hz at discharge, and 146.5 Hz at follow-up. There was a moderate but nonsignificant correlation [r(8) = 0.474, P > .05 ns] between the number of intervention sessions and mean F₀ achieved by subjects at discharge (DF₀). There was a significant correlation between the number of treatment sessions and the maintenance of F₀ increases [r(8) = 0.745, P < .05], although the size of the correlation was more modest (r = 0.476) when the data from one subject who had received 90 treatment sessions were removed.     

Induction of superconductivity in pulsed laser ablated La2CuO4 thin films by post-deposition fluorination

Pulsed laser ablation has been used to fabricate La₂CuO₄ thin films. Superconducting properties have been successfully induced in the films by an ex-situ, post-ablation annealing process in F₂ gas resulting in a T_c (onset) of 36 K. The presence of two slightly different c-axis expanded phases in the X-ray diffraction data of the fluorinated films implies a degree of inhomogeneity in F₂ uptake. Critical current densities (J_c) and the irreversibility line have been established from hysteresis cycles. A J_c of 10⁶ A cm⁻² for a typical film was observed at 10 K in zero field.     

利用延迟荧光光谱F730/F685的逆境胁迫生理检测方法

以玉米98-2为样品,实验分析了高温、盐及紫外UV-B胁迫下,样品离体叶片延迟荧光发射光谱的变化.标记685 nm主峰带的最高峰值为F685,730nm次峰带的最高峰值为F730,实验发现不同的逆境胁迫对比值F730/F685均产生了显著的影响.结合样品在相同逆境下叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm以及DF强度的检测实验,结果表...     

Glottal airflow and transglottal air pressure measurements for male and female speakers in low, normal, and high pitch

Measurements on the inverse filtered airflow waveform and of estimated average transglottal pressure and glottal airflow were made from syllable sequences in low, normal, and high pitch for 25 male and 20 female speakers. Correlation analyses indicated that several of the airflow measurements were more directly related to voice intensity than to fundamental frequency (F₀). Results suggested that pressure may have different influences in low and high pitch in this speech task. It is suggested that unexpected results of increased pressure in low pitch were related to maintaining voice quality, that is, avoiding vocal fry. In high pitch, the increased pressure may serve to maintain vocal fold vibration. The findings suggested different underlying laryngeal mechanisms and vocal adjustments for increasing and decreasing F₀ from normal pitch.     

通过HSQC和1H,13C-COSY叠合增强二维谱分辨率的方法

通常二维谱F₁维分辨率较差,F₂维分辨率较好. 即HSQC实验¹³C维度分辨率较差,¹H维度分辨率较好. 而¹H, ¹³C-COSY实验¹³C维度分辨率较好,¹H维度分辨率较差. 提出一种通过HSQC和¹H, ¹³C-COSY叠合,取较弱的值储存并显示的方法增强分辨率,采用Bruker Topspin软件AU程序实现. 该方法在不明显增加采样时间的情况下,可显著增强分辨率,信噪比也没有降低. 同时抑制了F₁噪声. 处理后,谱图美观清晰.     

水溶性β-NaY(Gd)F4:Yb3+/Er3+纳米棒的水热合成及生物偶联

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为表面活性剂,采用水热合成法,制得了表面氨基修饰的水溶性β-NaY(Gd)F₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺纳米棒,并对β-NaY(Gd)F₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺上转换纳米棒的制备方法、条件等进行了考察.结果表明,当Gd³⁺的引入摩尔分数为40%时,200 ℃下反应8 h即可获得纯β-NaY(Gd)F₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺纳米棒.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光光谱(PL)对样品的结构、形貌及光谱特性进行了表征.结构和形貌分析结果表明,制得的样品为单相β-NaY(Gd)F₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺纳米棒,纳米棒的截面粒径约为40 nm,平均长度约为210 nm.在980 nm波长激发下,样品的上转换发光光谱中出现了4个发射中心位于407,529,546,660 nm的发射带,分别对应于Er³⁺离子的²H_9/2→⁴I_15/2、²H_11/2→⁴I_15/2、⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2和⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2跃迁.采用戊二醛法,使β-NaY(Gd)F₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺上转换纳米棒表面的氨基与牛血清蛋白(BSA)分子中的氨基成功偶连在一起.利用紫外光谱分析(UV)和考马斯亮蓝法,对二者的偶联进行了证明.     

The relationship among voice onset, voice quality, and fundamental frequency: a dynamical perspective

In dynamical motor theory, skill acquisition occurs as a modification of preexisting coordination patterns or attractor states. The purpose of this study was to assess how different levels of voice onset, voice quality, and fundamental frequency (F₀) combine to form the attractor states common to voice motor control. Three levels of voice onset (glottal, simultaneous, and breathy), voice quality (modal speech, mixed, and falsetto), and fundamental frequency (low, mid, and high) were manipulated by vocally untrained, female subjects. Percent correct of acquisition trials and self-report of effort were used as measures of stable phonations indicative of an attractor state. Using intensity as a covariate, the results provided support for two of the three predicted triads representing attractor states in female speakers: (1) glottal onset/modal speech quality/low F₀; and (2) breathy onset/falsetto quality/high F₀. The results of this study suggest that certain parameters of voice motor control, such as onset, quality, and F₀, exist as part of a dynamical system that can be identified and manipulated in voice motor acquisition and learning.