冠醚对废旧锂离子电池浸出液中Li~+选择性密度泛函理论研究（英文）

本文基于密度泛函理论研究了在水溶液中不同结构冠醚对Li~+的选择性.通过对几何结构、结合能和热力学的计算,发现15-冠-5(15C5)对Li~+的选择性强于12-冠-4(12C4)和18-冠-6(18C6).苯并15-冠-5(B15C5)与Li~+的结合能小于15C5,但在溶液巾结合Li~+时具有更低的自山能.研究了B15C5和Li、Co、Ni水合离子之间的交换反应,表明B15C5与水合锂离子之间的反应占据优势.上述结果表明采用B15C5从废旧钾离子电池浸出液中回收锂具有一定的可行性.     

苯并18-冠-6配合物[K(B18-C-6)]SCN的合成与结构分析

苯并 18 -冠 - 6 (B18- C- 6 )与 K2 [Cd(SCN) 4 ]反应 ,得到了 [K(B18- C- 6 ) ]SCN配合物。通过元素分析、红外光谱、单晶 X射线衍射进行了结构分析。该配合物为单斜晶系 ,空间群 P2 (1) / c,晶体学数据 :a=0 .996 0(3) nm,b=2 .5 0 97(7) nm,c=0 .8374 (2 ) nm,β=10 6 .5 19(5 )°,V=2 .0 0 6 7(10 ) nm3 ,Z=4 ,F(0 0 0 ) =86 4,R1=0 .0 4 2 9,w R2 =0 .0 5 75。结构分析表明 ,该配合物由一个 [K(B18- C- 6 ) ]配阳离子和一个 SCN阴离子组成 ,配合物的两个分子通过 K+ - π相互作用形成一维链状结构     

苯酚-水团簇C_6H_5OH(H_2O)_n(n=1-6)结构与电子性质的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p)基组水平上对苯酚-水团簇C_6H_5OH(H_2O)_n(n=1-6)的可能构型进行全优化,得到了团簇的稳定结构;在B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)基组水平上计算得到了各团簇构型的总能量和结合能,结果显示,在团簇尺寸较小(n≤5)时,团簇C_6H_5OH(H_2O)_n的最稳定结构为平面的环状结构,团簇尺寸较大(n5)时,团簇C_6H_5OH(H_2O)_n的最稳定结构为三维立体结构.通过对团簇结合能的二阶差分、最高占据轨道与最低空轨道之间的能隙、费米能级和电离能的分析发现,团簇C_6H_5OH(H_2O)_2的最低能量结构具有较高的稳定性,可能具有幻数结构.     

ClF3O和环氧丙烷反应的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论对 ClF3 O 和环氧丙烷的反应机理进行了研究。在 B3PW91/6-31++G(d ,p )水平上优化了各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,并计算了它们的振动频率和零点振动能。采用 CCSD(T)/6-31++G(d ,p )//B3PW91/6-3l++G(d ,p )单点能计算方法求得各物质的能量,并做零点能校正。计算结果表明,ClF3 O 与 C3 H 6 O 可经过不同的反应路径,引发 C3 H 5 O 自由基和 ClOF2自由基生成环氧丙醇和三氟化氯,其中,位于 ClF3 O 周向位置的 F 原子与 C3 H 6 O 的 C(7)上与 CH 3异侧的 H(9)原子结合的活化能最低,仅15.63 kJ/mo1;ClF3 O 与 C3 H 6 O 反应生成的 C3 H 5 O 自由基和 ClOF2自由基继续反应,经过不同反应路径生成 C3 H 4 O、ClOF 和 HF,其中,ClOF2中的 F 原子和 C3 H 5 O 中的 H(2)或 H(4)原子结合是无能垒的过程。整个反应的主要路径为 C3 H 6 O+ClF3→O→TS12 P4(C3 H 5 O+HF+ClOF2→) P12(CH 2 CHCHO+2 HF+ClOF)。     

若干多钒硼酸盐簇合物的光谱研究

合成了具有 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ]簇骼的 4种新颖的多钒硼酸盐簇合物 :(enH2 ) 6H3 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ]·13H2 O(1) ,[Ni(en) 2 ]6H3 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ]·8H2 O(2 ) ,[Cu(en) 2 ]5H3 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ][B(OH) 3 ]2 ·16H2 O(3)和 (enH2 ) 4 Na4H3 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ]·8H2 O(4)。通过FTIR ,UV VisDRS和荧光光谱等手段对其进行了研究 ,探讨了结构和性能的关系。其中 ,化合物 (1)含有 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ]的分立结构 ,环状B18O42 通过 8个B— (μ3 —O)—V键被两个V6O18簇夹在中间 ;而化合物 (2 )是在 (1)的基础上 ,由 6个 [Ni(en) 2 ]各自通过两个Ni— (μ3 —O)—B与B18O42 的桥氧配位形成另一类新的分立型结构 ;化合物 (3)和 (4)的 [(VO) 12 O6B18O42 ]构筑单元间分别通过 [Cu(en) 2 ]2 + 和无机Na+ 离子桥联形成二维层状结构。多钒硼酸盐簇合物的特征振动频率和这些化合物的结构相关 ;UV VisDRS表明 ,在 2 0 5和 2 6 0nm附近出现金属氧簇化合物的荷移跃迁 ;用310nm光激发 ,在约 4 15nm处能引起由Oμ→Mo的荧光发射 ,同时还研究了其荧光寿命。     

ClONO2异构化反应和分解反应的理论研究

用B3LYP/6 31+G(d)和MP2 (Full) /6 31+G(d)优化ClONO2 及其分解反应和异构化反应的过渡态和产物的分子结构 .在B3LYP/6 31+G(d)水平上计算了相关分子的振动频率 .ClONO2 的几何结构、振动频率和红外强度与实验测量值符合得很好 .找到了未曾报道的立体异构体 .对这一立体异构体进行了高级别理论方法CCSD(T) /6 311G(d)和QCISD(T) /6 311G(d)的几何结构优化和振动频率计算 ,表明它是一个稳定的立体异构体 .在所研究的几种反应中 ,ClONO2 分解为NO2 +ClO是最容易进行的反应 .而ClONO2 异构为立体异构体的反应是最难进行的反应 .其所需克服的过渡态的能垒为 4 81.5 2kJ/mol,而反应吸收能量为 2 99.85kJ/mol.次难进行的是ClONO2 经TS1到反应中间体M1,再经TS12而分解为ClNO +O2 的反应 .这个反应通道所需克服过渡态的能垒为 4 2 1.5 5kJ/mol,反应吸收能量为 15 7.98kJ/mol.从以上分析可知 ,和ClO +NO2 反应生成ClONO2 比较 ,ClONO2 具有较好的稳定性 .     

SimCn(m+n≤7)团簇的密度泛函研究

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*基组水平上对SimCn(m+n≤7)团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构. 并对最稳定结构的平均结合能(Eb),二阶能量差分(Δ2E)和能隙(Eg)等进行了理论研究. 结果表明,随着原子个数的增加,SiC二元团簇的结构由线性转变为平面,再转变为三维立体结构,原子数小于5时,除Si5和Si4C外其他所有的团簇都是平面结构;随着C原子增加,SimCn(m+n≤7)团簇的平均单点能不断增加,说明富C簇要比富Si稳定,对Sin团簇掺杂C原子可以提高团簇的稳定性;Cn,SiCn和Si2Cn团簇表现出明显的"奇-偶"振荡和"幻数"效应,Si2C,Si3C, Si5C,SiC2,Si3C2,Si4C2和SiC4团簇比其他团簇更稳定.     

[Na(15-C-5)]2[Pd(SCN)4]配合物的合成与结构分析

研究了15-冠-5(15-C-5)与Na2[Pd(SCN)4]的反应,得到的配合物[Na(15-C-5)]2[Pd(SCN)4]通过元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射进行了结构分析.该配合物为单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,晶体学数据: a=1.3525(6)nm,b=1.3729(6)nm,c=2.0312(9)nm,β=102.985(6)°,V=3.675(3)nm3,Z=4,F(000)=1696,R1=0.0288,wR2=0.0457.结构分析表明,该配合物由两个[Na(15-C-5)]+配阳离子和一个[Pd(SCN)4]2-配阴离子组成,二者通过Na-N相互作用形成二维网状结构.     

ClF_3O和环氧丙烷反应的理论研究（英文）

应用密度泛函理论对ClF3O和环氧丙烷的反应机理进行了研究。在B3PW91/6-31++G(d,p)水平上优化了各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,并计算了它们的振动频率和零点振动能。采用CCSD(T)/6-31++G(d,p)//B3PW91/6-3l++G(d,p)单点能计算方法求得各物质的能量,并做零点能校正。计算结果表明,ClF3O与C3H6O可经过不同的反应路径,引发C3H5O自由基和ClOF2自由基生成环氧丙醇和三氟化氯,其中,位于ClF3O周向位置的F原子与C3H6O的C(7)上与CH3异侧的H(9)原子结合的活化能最低,仅15.63kJ/mo1;ClF3O与C3H6O反应生成的C3H5O自由基和ClOF2自由基继续反应,经过不同反应路径生成C3H4O、ClOF和HF,其中,ClOF2中的F原子和C3H5O中的H(2)或H(4)原子结合是无能垒的过程。整个反应的主要路径为C3H6O+ClF3O→TS12→P4(C3H5O+HF+ClOF2)→P12(CH2CHCHO+2HF+ClOF)。     

B_nY(n=1—11)团簇的结构和电子性质

利用密度泛函理论TPSSh方法对B采用6-311+G(d),对Y采用Lanl2dz相对论有效势基组,研究了BnY(n=1—11)团簇的平均结合能、二阶能量差分、最高分子占据轨道和最低空轨道之间的能级间隙、极化率和第一静态超极化率等物理化学性质.结果表明,随着尺寸的增大,BnY(n=1—11)团簇的最低能量结构从平面逐步演变为立体结构.随硼原子数n的增加,团簇的平均结合能表明了较好的热力学稳定性,有利于Y掺杂B团簇形成较大的块体材料.二阶能量差分表明基态B3Y,B5Y和B7Y团簇较相邻团簇稳定.能隙表明了基态B3Y,B5Y,B7Y和B9Y的化学稳定性较高.综合说明BnY(n=1—11)硼团簇中,基态B3Y,B5Y和B7Y具有较好的稳定性.极化率表明基态BnY团簇的电子结构随B原子的增加趋于紧凑,第一静态超极化率表明基态B5Y,B4Y,B3Y和B6Y平面结构的团簇具有明显的非线性光学性质,为寻找性能优异的非线性光学材料提供了一定的参考.     

Spectroscopic Study of Some Alkali and Alkaline Earth Complexes with Benzo Crown Ethers in Ethanol Solution

The interaction between Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions and benzo crown ethers B15C5, DB18C6, DB21C7, DB24C8 and DB30C10 in ethanol solution has been studied spectrophotometrically at 25°C. The formation constants for 1:1 complexes were determined by computer fitting of the resulting UV-absorbance-mole ratio data. In the case of all crown ethers used, K⁺ ion was found to form the most stable complexes. The observed selectivities of different benzo crowns for the cations used are discussed in terms of the cavity-cation size ratio, number of the donating oxygens participating in the cation binding, conformations of the free and complexed ligands and ionic solvation.     

8-Hydroxyquinoline Functionalized Graphene Oxide: an Efficient Fluorescent Nanosensor for Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> in Aqueous Media

A nanosensor, based on 8-hydroxyquinoline functionalized graphene oxide, was developed for the fluorescence detection of Zn²⁺. It showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Zn²⁺ion in aqueous solution over other metal ions such as Li⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺and Cr³⁺. Due to the linearity of the emission intensity toward Zn²⁺ concentration, fluorescent technique could be used for the detection of Zn²⁺ ion even at very low concentrations.     

A Comparison of Complexation of Li<Superscript>+</Superscript> Ion with Macrocyclic Ligands 15-Crown-5 and Benzo-derivatives in Binary Nitromethane–Acetonitrile Mixtures by Using Lithium-7 NMR Technique and Ab Initio Calculation

Abstract  

Lithium-7 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were used to investigate the stoichiometry and stability of Li⁺ complexes with 15-crown-5 (15C5), benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) and dibenzo-15-crown-5 (DB15C5) in a number of nitromethane (NM)–acetonitrile (AN) binary mixtures. In all cases, the exchange between the free and complexed lithium ion was fast on the NMR time scale and a single population average resonance was observed. While all crown ethers form 1:1 complexes with Li⁺ ion in the binary mixtures used, stepwise formation constants of the 1:1 (ligand/metal) complexes were evaluated from computer fitting of the NMR-mole ratio data to equations which relate the observed metal ion chemical shifts to formation constants. There is an inverse linear relationship between the logarithms of the stability constants and the mole fraction of AN in the solvent mixtures. The stability order of the 1:1 complexes was observed to be 15C5.Li⁺ > B15C5.Li⁺ > DB15C5.Li⁺. The optimized structures of the free ligands and their 1:1 complexes with the Li⁺ ion were predicted by ab initio theoretical calculations using the Gaussian 98 software. The results of calculations are discussed.     

Fluorescence Sensors for Selective Detection of Hg2+ Ion Using a Water-Soluble Poly(vinyl alcohol) Bearing Rhodamine B Moieties

The novel water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) with pendant rhodamine B moiety as colorimetric and fluorescene chemosensor for Hg²⁺ ions was prepared by grafting poly(vinyl alcohol) using rhodamine B hydrazide and hexamethylenediisocyanate as fluorescent dye and coupling agent, respectively. Because of their good water-solubility, the polymers binding rhodamine B can be used as chemosensors in aqueous media. With the addition of Hg²⁺ ions into the aqueous solution, visual color changes and fluorescence enhancements were detected. In addition, we also noticed that other metal ions such as Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ba²⁺, Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ cannot induce obvious changes to the fluorescence spectra of the polymer chemosensors. The combination of water solubility and positive fluorescence response as well as color change are hence particularly promising for the practical utility of the sensors.     

Metal ion interaction with ribosomal RNA

Summary We have used UV differential spectroscopy in order to detect small modifications in the ribosomal RNA absorption spectrum due to the binding of rRNA molecules with the metal ions Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺. Our data show that all the ions, investigated are involved in ion-type bond with the phosphate groups of rRNA and cause a refolding of the molecules with an overall increase in basebase ?stacking? interactions. Besides this ion-type binding with phosphate groups, transition metal ions Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺ are also able to bond directly to the bases To speed up publication, the authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Cation mixing （Li0.5Fe0.5）2SO4F cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

We study the crystal structure of a triplite-structured (Li_0.5Fe_0.5)SO₄F with full Li⁺/Fe2⁺ mixing. This promising polyanion cathode material for lithium-ion batteries operates at 3.9 V versus Li⁺/Li with a theoretical capacity of 151 mAh/g. Its unique cation mixing structure does not block the Li⁺ diffusion and results in a small lattice volume change during the charge/discharge process. The calculations show that it has a three-dimensional network for Li-ion migration with an activation energy ranging from 0.53 eV to 0.68 eV, which is comparable with that in LiFePO₄ with only one-dimensional channels. This work suggests that further exploring cathode materials with full cation mixing for Li-ion batteries will be valuable.     

Raman study of LiTaO3-related non-stoichiometric solid solutions isolated inside the ternary systems Li2O–Ta2O5–(M′O)2 with M′=Mn,Co

We have characterized by Raman spectroscopy the disorder and the local modifications of cation environment in the lithium tantalate structure resulting from the incorporation of bivalent cations Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ as potential substitutes for Li and/or Ta ions. Frequency and damping of the E(TO1), E(TO6) and E(TO8) phonon modes of ceramic powders are studied along seven lines in the ternary phase diagrams Li₂O–Ta₂O₅–(M′O)₂ with M′=Mn and Co, and compared to those of the pure stoichiometric LiTaO₃. Raman spectroscopy is found to be very sensitive to the substitution ions and defects generated in the lattice vibration. Dopants occupy primarily the Li site in the region of lithium oxide excess. The site of Ta becomes progressively implicated in the substitution process when the concentration of dopant increases. In the Li-poor region of the ternary-phase diagram, corresponding to under-stoichiometric compositions, we retain the charge compensation mechanism involving both Li and Ta site according to: 3Li⁺+Ta⁵⁺→4M′²⁺ with M′²⁺=Mn²⁺ or Co²⁺.     

Rhodamine B-based “turn-on” fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) ions

Two novel macromolecules based on 2-[3-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine covalently bound to one and two units of rhodamine-B moieties, 1 and 2, were prepared and utilized as fluoroionophores and chromophores for the optical detection of Hg²⁺ ions. The sensors were readily prepared by a conventional two-step synthesis. Especially, sensor 1 exhibits high sensitivity and selective OFF–ON fluorescence enhancement and chromogenic change upon binding to Hg²⁺, which served as a “naked-eye” indicator by a noticeable color change of the solution (from colorless to pink–red color). 1 is shown to discriminate various competing metal ions, particularly Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺, as well as Cd²⁺, Na⁺, Li⁺, K⁺, Ba²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Al³⁺, with a detection limit of 10 ppb.     

Luminescent Chemosensors Based on Anthracene or Dioxyxanthone Derivatives

Chemosensors are molecules of abiotic origin that are able to bind selectively and reversibly the analyte of interest with a concomitant change in the property of the system. They find wide applications in lots of disciplines and our work is directed to develop new species for future applications. We present here the latest luminescent chemosensors studied in our laboratory. The chosen luminophore moieties are anthracene and dioxyxanthone derivatives that have been differently connected with receptor units such as crown ethers and thioethers. In solution a good selectivity and affinity was observed for different ions such as Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Ag⁺. The binding is signaled in all cases by pronounced changes in the photophysical properties of the luminophore present in the structure of the chemosensor.     

C-rate and temperature dependence of electrochemical performance of Li[Co0.1Ni0.15Li0.2Mn0.55]O2 cathode materials before and after Co3(PO4)2 coating

Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ was synthesized, as a cathode material with high capacity, by a simple combustion method followed by annealing at 800?°C. Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ cathode materials were coated with lithium-active Co₃(PO₄)₂ to improve the electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium batteries. Morphologies and physical properties of Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ before and after the Co₃(PO₄)₂ coating were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope. Transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer?CEmmett?CTeller surface area analyses were also carried out. The electrochemical performances of Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ cathode material before and after Co₃(PO₄)₂ coating were evaluated by galvanostatic charge?Cdischarge testing at different charge and discharge densities. The temperature dependence of the cathode material before and after Co₃(PO₄)₂ coating was investigated at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50?°C at a rate of 0.1?C. Co₃(PO₄)₂-Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂ exhibited good electrochemical performance under high C-rate and experimental temperature conditions. The enhanced electrochemical performances were attributed to the formation of a lithium-active Co₃(PO₄)₂-coating layer on Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂.