7K下Ag(100)表面单个卟啉分子的位置依赖针尖增强拉曼光谱研究（英文）

本文在低温条件(～7K)下对吸附在Ag(100)表面上的单个空心卟啉分子·进行了针尖增强拉曼光谱(TERS)研究.TERS光谱的位置依赖特性表明,单个分子内部不同化学组分的局域振动信息是可以区分的;而且进一步的TERS空间成像也表明不同的拉曼谱峰叫以具有不同的空间分布特征,它们与相应的振动模式密切相关,甚至能够在亚纳米层次上识别与卟啉芯N-H键有关的振动模式.这项研究将为深入理解单分子吸附构型的对称性以及单个分子内部的局域振动信息提供有效的手段.     

基于振动光谱成像技术的聚合物共混体系研究进展

振动光谱可以提供分子的振动信息,对于聚合物分子链的构象和链间的相互作用非常敏感。分子振动光谱成像作为一种原位无损检测技术,广泛应用于聚合物共混体系结晶、相态分布、界面扩散等性质的研究。本文综述了拉曼(Raman)光谱和红外(IR)光谱成像技术以及其衍生的具有高空间分辨率的红外-原子力联用技术(IR-AFM)、拉曼-原子力联用技术(Raman-AFM)以及针尖增强拉曼光谱技术(TERS)在聚合物共混体系研究中的最新应用进展,以探索并扩展振动光谱成像技术在高分子领域中的应用。     

基于密度泛函的伪麻黄碱拉曼光谱性质研究

研究伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱和吸附在纳米银基底上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),利用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311G++(d, p)方法对伪麻黄碱分子进行了计算，得到了分子构型信息和理论拉曼光谱，用Gaussview软件对分子振动模式进行了全面的归属，在伪麻黄碱的表面增强拉曼光谱中，采用了自组装方法获得了团簇银纳米表面增强基底，实现了很好的增强效应.实验结果表明：伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱计算结果和实验结果基本一致，理论计算为伪麻黄碱分子振动峰位的归属提供了重要的依据，伪麻黄碱分子与银纳米表面化学吸附，苯环垂直于纳米基底表面，研究结果为伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱检验分析提供了理论依据，也为苯丙胺类毒品的光谱分析研究提供了参考.     

分子多振动模式的振动退相时间同时测量方法

利用作者自制的超连续谱激发时间分辨相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(coherent anti-stokes Ranman scat-tering,CARS)谱仪同时测得反映分子组成的各种振动谱以及这些振动模式各自的退相时间.实验对苯甲腈样品分子振动谱中5个典型分子振动模式的振动弛豫过程进行了测量,一次获得了这种分子各振动模式对...     

金溶胶中邻羟基苯甲酸吸附行为的密度泛函理论与实验研究

研究了邻羟基苯甲酸(OHBA)的常规拉曼散射(NRS)光谱以及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱。以氯金酸为原料,柠檬酸三钠为还原剂,用化学还原法制备了球形的金纳米粒子溶胶,采用激光显微拉曼光谱仪(激发波长为785nm),测定OHBA分子的NRS光谱及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上的SERS光谱。同时,应用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G**(C,H,O)/LANL2DZ(Au)水平上,对OHBA分子进行了结构优化,在此基础上计算了OHBA分子的NRS光谱以及其吸附在Au纳米颗粒上两种不同吸附构型下的SERS光谱,并和实验值进行比较。结果表明,OHBA分子通过羧基吸附构型的计算值比通过羟基吸附构型的计算值与实验值符合的更好。最后,利用GaussView可视化软件对其振动模式进行了全面归属。通过对邻羟基苯甲酸分子拉曼谱峰的详细指认能够得出:Au溶胶中的邻羟基苯甲酸分子,是通过羧基倾斜地吸附在Au纳米颗粒表面的。可视化软件直观形象地展示出了该分子的结构特征和分子基团振动情况,对其振动峰位的归属提供了重要依据。本文工作对推进邻羟基苯甲酸在生物医药等领域进一步的应用具有重要作用。     

双酚A拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论计算及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

以密度泛函理论(DFT),RB3LYP/6-311G(d)方法计算得到的双酚A(BPA)分子振动光谱为依据,对BPA分子常规拉曼光谱进行了详细的指认,对其振动模式进行了归属.研究了BPA在金胶体系中的表面增强拉曼光谱,对其吸附方式进行了分析:BPA分子在酸性pH下,分子以=CO-吸附到金溶胶上,-OH键的振动消失,苯环以直立方式垂直于金胶上.     

噻菌灵分子的表面增强拉曼光谱的理论研究

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是指当分子靠近或者吸附于基底表面时,分子的拉曼散射信号会显著增强的现象。SERS克服了常规拉曼散射信号强度比较弱的缺点,被广泛地应用在环境检测、催化化学、有机化学和生命科学等领域。本文利用密度泛函理论计算方法对农残噻菌灵分子的SERS光谱进行模拟,并探讨SERS增强机理。系统研究了噻菌灵在金团簇的吸附行为和SERS增强效应,得到金团簇在噻菌灵分子上的最佳吸附位置。利用五种吸附结构(噻菌灵-Au n,n=1-5)对噻菌灵与金团簇的相互作用进行了理论研究,研究表明噻菌灵-Au 4最稳定。结合拉曼光谱和理论计算的结果,借助高斯软件的图形化功能,对噻菌灵分子的振动模式、普通拉曼光谱和SERS光谱进行了系统的指认。     

结晶紫在纳米磷化镓粉体表面吸附的表面增强拉曼光谱分析

利用Raman光谱对结晶紫(Crystal Violet,CV)在纳米磷化镓(GaP)粉体表面的吸附状态进行了分析.结果表明:与普通拉曼散射谱(Normal Raman Scattering,NRS)相比,结晶紫表面增强拉曼散射(Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)谱的4种振动模式,即:中央键的呼吸振动、环-C -环面外弯曲振动、环C-H面外弯曲振动以及N-环伸缩振动,在纳米GaP粉体表面得到增强;通过分析吸附前后结晶紫拉曼散射峰相对强度的变化,确定了结晶紫在纳米GaP粉体表面的吸附取向,并对其表面增强散射机理进行了探讨.     

针尖增强拉曼光谱:技术、应用和发展

本文从提高表面拉曼光谱检测灵敏度和空间分辨率两个方面的发展叙述了针尖增强拉曼光谱的原理、方法、特点及最新进展。利用单晶电极上单分子层吸附物种的TERS研究和单壁碳纳米管的TERS成像例证了TERS所具有的高检测灵敏度和高空间分辨率。介绍了TERS理论的最新研究进展,并对TERS的应用前景做了预测。     

咖啡酸分子表面增强拉曼光谱的理论与实验研究

咖啡酸（CA）是一种具有很高的医学价值的药物成分，在抗菌抗病毒方面应用广泛，尤其是咖啡酸及其衍生物在抗肿瘤方面有着巨大作用，现在对咖啡酸的相关研究越来越多，但大部分都是关于咖啡酸医学性质的研究，所以对咖啡酸分子的微观结构研究是非常有必要的。目前关于CA在Ag表面上的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱的理论与实验结合的研究尚未见报道，而对其振动光谱及表面增强机理的研究可以为咖啡酸的各种药学机理的研究提供一种科学的物理解释，所以有必要将密度泛函理论（DFT）方法与表面增强拉曼散射技术相结合，对咖啡酸在Ag纳米颗粒上的吸附性质及表面增强机理进行全面的研究，这对推进它们在医药学等领域的相关研究有着重要的参考价值。采用SERS与DFT技术对CA分子在Ag纳米颗粒表面上的表面增强拉曼光谱进行了研究。在实验方面，利用热还原反应原理，使用柠檬酸三钠和硝酸银在加热搅拌情况下制备Ag纳米颗粒，并使用激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪测量了CA分子的常规拉曼散射（NRS）光谱及其表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱。在理论计算方面，采用DFT的B3LYP方法，以6-31+G**和LANL2DZ分别作为C，H，O和Ag的计算基组来优化咖啡酸的分子构型，羟基与Ag₄的吸附构型，羧基与Ag₄的吸附构型，羟基与羧基共同与Ag₄吸附的构型，并以此为基础分析计算了CA分子的NRS光谱以及三种可能吸附模型的SERS光谱，并结合实验结果进行比较。同时对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认。根据实验数据和理论结果分析，在452 cm-1处的谱峰归属为环面外弯曲振动和O-H面外弯曲振动的耦合，这说明CA分子上的酚羟基是与Ag纳米颗粒表面作用的，不过相互作用较弱，推测CA分子平面可能与Ag基底表面不垂直；出现在1 338 cm-1处的谱峰归属于COO-伸缩振动，则可以说明CA分子上的羧基可能与Ag纳米颗粒垂直吸附。结果表明，CA分子是以羧基和酚羟基为吸附位吸附在Ag纳米颗粒表面上的。同时对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认。该工作对推进咖啡酸在生物医药等领域进一步的应用将起到重要作用。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.