舰船辐射噪声的动态识别

以舰船辐射噪声的包络谱分析为基础,讨论了舰船包络谱的特点和提取的方法。据此提出了一种新的目标识别方法。该方法能有效提高舰船噪声识别系统的识别准确率,还可同时获得有关目标舰船的重要运动要素。     

多波段红外图像的海面舰船目标检测

现有的基于单个红外宽波段的海面舰船目标探测系统在面对复杂海天背景、岛岸背景、恶劣天气、亮带干扰或诱饵弹干扰等情况时,系统的探测率、虚警率、探测距离等性能指标均会受到严重的影响;为此,开展了基于多波段红外图像的海面舰船目标检测方法的研究。通过中波红外多波段数据采集系统实际采集107组五个中波红外波段的图像;波段1-5分别为3.7～4.8,3.7～4.1,4.4～4.8,3.7～3.9和4.65～4.75 μm;对多波段图像进行手动标注构建样本数据集,其中,正样本舰船目标298个,负样本非舰船目标353个。对于多波段红外图像,首先进行PCA降维并采用选择性搜索算法生成初始目标候选区域;针对候选区域中存在大量明显的非舰船目标区域的问题,利用积分图像计算候选区域的局部对比度,依据红外舰船目标的几何和灰度特征从初始目标候选区域中筛选出舰船目标可能性大的区域作为舰船目标候选区域。然后对舰船目标候选区域进行拓展以融入局部上下文信息,对于候选区域对应的5波段红外图像,分别提取每个波段图像的稠密SIFT特征,并将128维SIFT特征向量降为64维,融入SIFT特征的空间和波段位置分布信息得到新的特征向量,基于高斯混合模型对候选区域的特征向量集合进行编码融合得到舰船目标候选区域的费舍尔向量表示,最后利用线性SVM分类器识别出舰船目标。对多波段图像进行舰船目标候选区域生成实验,所提出的基于红外舰船目标的几何和灰度特征的约束方法可以有效地克服选择性搜索算法的不足,从初始目标候选区域中快速定位出舰船目标候选区域,对25组多波段图像进行实验,舰船目标候选区域生成的整体耗时为0.353 s,定位舰船目标区域耗时0.005 s。对100个正负样本进行目标识别测试,所提出的目标识别算法融合了目标的多波段图像特征信息,通过引入费舍尔向量挖掘了多波段图像梯度统计特征的深层次信息,算法的识别率达到了0.97,显著高于单波段红外图像的目标识别率。对25组多波段图像进行舰船目标检测实验,所提出的舰船目标检测方法能够在海天背景、岛岸背景以及亮带干扰等不同场景下完成海面舰船目标的检测工作,舰船目标定位准确,舰船目标召回率达到了0.95,每组多波段图像的平均检测耗时为1.33 s。研究结果表明,充分考虑海面舰船目标在红外图像中与局部海洋背景的辐射差异以及有效地融合舰船目标在多个红外波段图像中的辐射特征,可以增强舰船目标的可分性,提高舰船目标的识别率以及检测率,为基于多波段红外图像的海面舰船目标检测提供了新的技术支持。     

基于聚类技术的三维舰船模型特征库研究

存贮目标所有的视点图像,建立完备的特征库,或者提取能够抵抗视点变化的不变特征,是三维目标识别的常用方法。这两种方案都存在不足:要么特征库规模庞大,识别过程计算量大,识别效率低;要么难以找到鲁棒的识别特征。结合两种方案研究了基于聚类技术建立三维舰船模型特征库的方法。利用仿射传播聚类方法无需事先指定聚类中心的优点,将其应用于两型舰船模型的视点空间聚类。通过提取视点图像的Hu矩特征,进行了仿真实验,给出了聚类结果的有效性分析。     

基于支持向量机的自动目标识别算法

基于对目标识别精确性的要求,提出了基于支持向量机的自动目标识别算法。介绍了基于支持向量机的自动目标识别系统的组成和识别流程,实现了目标的特征提取、SVM分类器的参数寻优,并将优化的SVM模型应用于未知图像的目标识别中。实验表明,该方法识别效果良好,具有较好的抗复杂背景的能力。     

基于特征级融合的多波段舰船目标识别方法

针对复杂情况下海上舰船目标单波段特征识别能力不足的问题,研究可见光、中波红外和长波红外三波段特征图像融合技术,重点解决图像融合方法中存在的算法耗时和融合策略选择的问题,提出了一种新的基于区域协方差矩阵的多波段特征级融合方法,针对可见光图像和红外图像分别设计11维和5维特征向量,协方差矩阵可以将多个特征进行融合,既保证了不同目标之间的区别性,同时又减小计算量。该方法首先利用显著性检测,快速定位图像中的目标区域,然后,针对不同波段图像设计的特征向量定义协方差阵的距离计算公式并进行匹配,通过对图像的一次遍历操作获得积分图像,在协方差计算时达到快速计算的目的,最后利用k-阶最近邻算法对多种舰船目标进行分类识别。利用实拍的3 400余张三波段舰船目标图像作为测试数据。实验主要分为两部分,首先对比单波段和三波段融合识别的识别率,验证所提出的融合方法具有更广的应用范围;然后,在计算效率上对比多种传统的像素级方法,验证采用的特征级融合在计算时间上的优势。实验结果表明,该方法可达到95.1%的识别率,单帧计算耗时约为0.5 s,在实时性和检测率方面都有明显提高。     

基于光谱探测与图像识别的反伪装目标系统研究

为了在野外环境中快速有效地识别敌方伪装的机动目标,设计了基于光谱探测与视频图像目标识别方法联用的目标识别系统。采用视频图像识别技术获取被测区域的二维影像,再通过光谱探测技术识别目标,最终将目标重建在图像相应位置上从而实现目标识别的可视化。理论推导得到了系统可识别目标的函数关系式,根据该函数关系进行了目标识别的量化实验。实验采用汽车模拟被测机动目标,在不同距离上分别以平坦荒地、灌木丛和废弃建筑物为背景,对明显目标、涂覆迷彩色的目标以及遮挡伪装物的目标分别进行光谱探测。实验结果显示,测试背景对光谱探测效果有一定影响,背景的连续性有利于目标识别;伪装方式以伪装物遮挡最难识别,且随着目标与系统的距离增大而信噪比随之降低。综上所述,采用光谱探测技术克服了传统图像目标识别无法识别伪装目标的缺点,可以实现对伪装目标的有效识别。     

扫描探测系统多尺度舰船目标的空间特性分析

基于相机模型,建立多分辨率下的成像链路仿真,对不同尺度和采样体制下的舰船目标结构和方向特征进行分析。结果表明:对于长度在百米级的舰船,当空间分辨率高于12 m时,形状和方向特性能够保持稳定;当空间分辨率低于12 m时,随着分辨率下降,很难通过单帧图像信息来识别目标类型和判断目标的方向;与单采样相比,过采样虽然能够提高图像的空间分辨率,但目标边缘的扩散更明显,不利于目标形状特征的提取;对于具有对称结构的舰船目标,两种采样体制对运动目标方向的捕捉和判断能力相当。     

改进的非接触式在线掌纹识别模拟系统

为了保证非接触式掌纹识别系统所采集的掌纹图像清晰度能够满足识别要求,缩短用户的测试时间,建立了图像清晰度与掌纹错误识别率的关系模型,并实现改进的非接触式在线掌纹识别模拟系统.引入图像清晰度评价函数,建立图像清晰度函数与物距(手与镜头的距离)之间的关系模型;进一步建立图像清晰度与该清晰度下掌纹识别系统错误识别率的关系模型...     

特征融合的卷积神经网络多波段舰船目标识别

针对海面背景舰船目标单一波段图像识别率低的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的融合识别方法。该方法提取可见光、中波红外和长波红外3个波段舰船目标特征进行融合识别。模型主要分为3个步骤:通过设计的6层CNN,同时对三波段图像进行特征提取;利用基于互信息的特征选择方法对串联的三波段特征向量按照重要性进行排序,并按照图像清晰度评价指标选取固定长度的特征向量作为目标识别依据;通过额外的2个全连接层和输出层进行回归训练。采用自建的三波段舰船图像数据库进行模型的训练和测试,共包含6类目标,5000余张图像。实验结果表明,本文方法识别率达到84.5%,与单波段识别方法相比有明显提升。     

基于相位信息的边缘检测在目标识别中的应用

在分析利用相位信息进行图像边缘检测原理的基础上,探讨了基于小波域相位信息的边缘检测方法,并将其应用到环境光强变化的目标识别系统中。该算法不需要设定阈值即可对目标边缘进行可靠的检测。实验结果表明,基于相位信息的边缘检测算法受图像的光照和对比度的影响小,在不同光照度的环境下具有良好的目标识别能力     

Substructure methods for structural condition assessment

It is commonly known that an accurate analysis of a large structure requires an accurate analytical model. This is also true for the inverse analysis of a structural system where measured structural responses are used as input to assess the structural conditions. However, an accurate model of the structure is always not available in practice. Two substructural identification methods are presented in this paper with the structure divided into substructures and with one substructure assessed at one time. In the first method, an accurate finite element model of the whole structure is assumed known. A state space method is applied to identify the external forces acting on the structure, and a damage identification method is then applied to identify the local damages using time domain information. Iterative model updating method based on the measured acceleration in the selected substructure is employed for the assessment. The second identification method requires only the finite element model of the substructure. The interface forces and the external forces acting on the target substructure are all taken as excitations and they are identified in state space. The substructure is then assessed similar to the first method. Since the target substructure for updating consists of a much reduced number of components and the identification problem is more efficient. The validation of the proposed methods is demonstrated by a truss structure with polluted measured accelerations with promising results.     

光电观察系统对海作用距离测试与评价方法

通过分析光电观察系统的使用方法、工作过程以及对海上目标作用距离的影响因素,探讨了使用探测距离、识别距离和辨识距离等三项测量指标作为评价成像系统作用距离性能的合理性,研究了成像系统对海上目标作用距离测试方法和数据处理方法。     

Characterization of an elastic target in a shallow water waveguide by decomposition of the time-reversal operator

This paper reports the results of an investigation into extracting of the backscattered frequency signature of a target in a waveguide. Retrieving the target signature is difficult because it is blurred by waveguide reflections and modal interference. It is shown that the decomposition of the time-reversal operator method provides a solution to this problem. Using a modal theory, this paper shows that the first singular value associated with a target is proportional to the backscattering form function. It is linked to the waveguide geometry through a factor that weakly depends on frequency as long as the target is far from the boundaries. Using the same approach, the second singular value is shown to be proportional to the second derivative of the angular form function which is a relevant parameter for target identification. Within this framework the coupling between two targets is considered. Small scale experimental studies are performed in the 3.5 MHz frequency range for 3 mm spheres in a 28 mm deep and 570 mm long waveguide and confirm the theoretical results.     

Distortion-invariant pattern recognition using synthetic discriminant function based multiple phase-shifted-reference fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation

This paper proposes a novel pattern recognition system for invariance to noise and distortions. The technique first generates a synthetic discriminant function of the target image from its different distorted versions. It then takes four different phase-shifted versions of the reference image, which are individually joint transform correlated with the given input scene. Thus the proposed algorithm produces a single cross-correlation signal corresponding to each potential target. Also a fringe-adjusted filter is designed to generate a delta-like correlation peak with high discrimination between the signal and the noise. The pattern recognition system is also designed for the identification of multiple targets belonging to multiple reference objects simultaneously in a given input scene. The proposed technique is investigated using computer simulation including real-life images in different complex environments.     

多个CCD交汇测量系统的理论研究

本文介绍了采用多个线阵ＣＣＤ 组成交汇测量系统的基本原理,导出了测量坐标的计算公式,并利用有关的误差理论对该方法的测量精度进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,多个ＣＣＤ 交汇测量系统能够得到较高的目标捕获几率,同时还能有效地提高坐标测量精度。对大靶面、高速小目标物体的精密测量具有重要意义     

水中分层弹性球壳高频时域回波的声学编码研究

针对水下集群目标及敌我目标识别的难题,该文提出了一种基于水中分层弹性球壳高频时域回波的声学编码原理及方法。推导了水中4层弹性球壳目标散射声压的简正级数解,并与有限元结果进行了对比验证。通过构造高频主动声呐的探测脉冲信号,与4层弹性球壳声传递函数的简正级数解做卷积运算,获得了目标的时域回波脉冲序列。研究了分层弹性球壳的厚度、各层材料属性、排布顺序等对时域回波特征的影响规律,提出了基于时域回波特征的声学编码方法。研究表明：利用水中分层弹性球壳目标高频时域回波特征能够实现声学编码,回波结构稳定,且不受限于探测方向。通过携带或安装这种分层弹性球壳结构,有望识别水下航行体/悬浮体等目标。该文的研究对水下目标的主动探测身份识别及导航等具有一定的参考价值。     

Using Meso-Targets to Achieve Targeting

In this paper a method is developed which directs trajectories to a target by using meso-targets. The method can rapidly direct orbits from an arbitrary initial state to a target by making small perturbation of available system parameters. It is simple, efficient and reliable. Numerical experiments are given in Hhnon map.     

紫外指纹识别照相系统视场中心亮斑的产生原因及分析

针对紫外指纹识别照相系统是目前从事公安刑侦工作者进行指纹识别和提取犯罪鉴定的一种重要手段，而其视场中心亮斑严重影响着指纹图片的质量，分析了该系统视场中心亮斑产生的原因，指出其中心亮斑主要是由系统轴外杂散光引起，通过对这些原因进行分析，有针对性地提出了采用消光性能良好视场的物镜系统或者合适的视场光阑尺寸及位置；或者给阴极输入面有效直径之外区域涂敷紫外吸收膜的方法，消除了视场中心亮斑，用以满足公安刑侦指纹识别、存储及其他领域对指纹、脚印等的识别与提取。     

Field Performance Prediction Method Based On Contrast Metric Of Target Sub Regions

The field performance prediction of infrared imaging system is an important subject in infrared imaging field. In this paper, a novel method for predicting TA (target acquisition) performance is proposed, which combines the TOD (triangle orientation discrimination) threshold curve with an improved contrast metric based on the temperature in target sub regions. Specifically, the target is first subdivided into some sub regions with different target/background differential temperatures according to its thermal structure distribution. The number of equivalent triangle patterns across each sub region is calculated utilizing its effective size, the apparent temperature difference line, and the TOD curve. Further, the total number of equivalent triangle patterns over the integral target is achieved. Combining the TOD criteria, the target acquisition ranges for different discrimination (detection, recognition, and identification) levels are obtained by solving a set of equations. Comparisons with the preliminary experimental results show that this new TA approach can provide reasonable prediction of field performance. Foundation Item: The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No: 60477038).     

Computer software for identification of noise source and automatic noise measurement

A new computational system for the environmental noise measurement and analysis has been developed. The system consists of binaural microphones, a laptop PC, and analysing software. A target noise is recorded automatically depending on the specified background noise level, and the acoustical parameters are calculated simultaneously. These functions allow for precise field measurements. The system is equipped with a template-matching algorithm for the identification of noise source. This function was implemented to avoid the effect of an interrupting sound such as voice and wind blowing during a measurement. Noise analyses in this system are based on the model of human auditory system. In addition to the time-series data of sound level, the important acoustical parameters of noise source are extracted from the running autocorrelation function (ACF) and the inter-aural cross-correlation function (IACF). It has been found that those parameters are strongly related to the auditory primary sensations and spatial sensations. Evaluation of the environmental noise based on these functions is another feature of this system. This paper describes the effectiveness of the ACF and the IACF analysis for analysing acoustical properties of noise and for evaluating the subjective response to noise.