GC/MS和GC/FTIR分析细菌降解呋喃丹的产物

采用液体萃取法在不同的降解时期提取了细菌CDS-1(Sphingomonas sp.)降解呋喃丹的产物,经气谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)分析,分离鉴定出呋喃丹的首步代谢产物呋喃酚.通过化合物质谱行为分析,基本确定了分子量为182的未知化合物为2-羟基-3-叔丁醇基-苯酚,并且确定其为呋喃酚的下一步代谢产物.经气-质联用与气谱-傅里叶红外光谱联用(GC/FTIR)分析,确定细菌在降解呋喃丹后期产生的具有刺激性气味的物质的主要成分为藏茴香酮.     

气相色谱-红外光谱联用技术及应用研究进展

气相色谱-红外光谱联用技术结合了气相色谱法良好的分离能力和红外光谱法结构鉴定的优势,适合复杂未知物成分分离及其定性定量分析。本文综述了气相色谱-红外光谱联用技术（GC-IR）、数据处理方法及其应用研究进展。介绍了GC-IR同其他检测器联用的连接方式。重点综述了GC-IR谱图和数据处理方法及其在石油化工、日用化工、有机反应等领域的应用研究进展,并对气相色谱-红外光谱联用技术及应用进行了展望。     

气红联用法研究标准桃金娘油的化学成分

采用毛细管气相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术法(气红联用,GC-FTIR),结合计算机检索对标准桃金娘油化学成分进行分析和鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各组分的相对百分含量;经毛细管色谱从标准桃金娘油中分离出12个峰,并且采用FTIR法确认了所含的化合物。标准桃金娘油主要成分为三种单萜,分别为1,8-桉叶素、D-柠檬烯和α-蒎烯,含量分别为46.35%,36.83%和14.70%,三者占总量的97.88%,分析结果与GC-MS分析相一致。由于GC-FTIR分析能确定出经气相色谱分离后的有机物的异构体,故与GC-MS分析相比较,此法具有更广泛的应用价值。该研究可为综合利用开发桃金娘科植物提供科学依据。     

气-红联用在混合未知物分离、分析中的应用

气相色谱与红外光谱联用技术既可以充分利用红外光谱长于定性和结构分析的优点,又可以应用气相色谱长于快速分离混合物的优点,对未知样品进行快速分析研究。对用常规红外无法表征的混合未知物中的各个组分,通过对混合物重建色谱图的积分、归一化还可以对各组分进行定量分析,其结果和气相色谱分析的结论能较好的匹配,但较单用气相色谱分析快速、简便。     

木素小分子愈创木基型松柏醇漆酶生物改性的光谱分析

从分子模型物的角度入手,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、红外光谱和颗粒电荷等测试手段,综合考察了漆酶对针叶木和阔叶木中的愈创木基型木素-松柏醇生物改性的机理。松柏醇经漆酶处理后,GC-MS检测不到松柏醇单体的存在,推测松柏醇参与了化学反应,结构发生变化。GPC分析证明松柏醇漆酶处理后分子量变大,松柏醇发生了聚合。红外光谱确定了松柏醇漆酶处理过程中反应位点,主要是酚羟基、苯环上的甲氧基、苯环侧链上的双键,β碳、γ碳也有可能参与了反应。颗粒电荷测定仪(PCD)测得阳离子需求量下降了88.38%。     

人参皂甙Re结构与振动光谱的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论方法(B3LYP/6-31G)对人参中的有效成分人参皂甙Re(Ginsenoside Re)的两种异构体20-(R)-Re和20-(S)-Re的平衡几何构型进行了优化,对其振动频率进行了计算, 二者的空间结构有明显的不同,振动光谱也有一定的区别。这些变化是因为20号手性碳4个取代基空间取向不同导致两种异构体的堆积方式不同,从而导致红外和拉曼光谱峰位以及峰形变化。根据理论上计算出来的红外强度与拉曼活性及相对应的频率,对实验得到的红外光谱和拉曼光谱进行了指认,发现计算值1 541, 1 456和1 424 cm-1等谱峰,可作为区分两种异构体的特征谱峰。计算的振动频率同拉曼光谱的实验结果较好吻合。这一结果表明,振动光谱可以用来对人参有效成分进行鉴定。     

α—多取代联苄化合物的构型异构对激光拉曼光谱的影响

用激光拉曼光谱研究了meso-和dl-2.3-二氰基-2.3-二(p-X取代苯基)丁二酸二乙酯(X=OCH_3,CH_3,H,Cl,NO_2)的性能。通过对这五对异构体拉曼光谱的分析和比较发现,meso-异构体的最大ν_(-c-H),ν_(c-o)和苯环的变形振动ν_(苯环变形)均大于相应的dl-异构体,并结合这些异构体的X-射线晶体结构分析结果对产生实验现象进行了讨论。     

气相色谱的联用技术

分别介绍了气质联用、固相微萃取-气相色谱联用、气相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用、热分析-气相色谱-质谱联用、气相色谱-原子光谱联用、全二维色谱联用和多维气相/气质联用共7种气相色谱联用技术,并展望了气相色谱今后的发展趋势.     

傅里叶红外光谱法研究AP的快速热分解

用T-Jump/FTIR联用技术研究了模拟燃烧条件下AP的快速热裂解。在不同压力的高纯氮气条件下,以1000K.s-1的升温速率达到设定的温度(874和1274K)快速分解,用快速扫描傅里叶变换红外光谱原位实时分析分解产物的种类和浓度变化。结果表明,AP热裂解主要气相产物为NO2,N2O,NO,HCl和NOCl等,实验温度和压力都使AP快速热裂解气相产物N2O/NO2,NO/NO2和NO/NOCl的比值提高,因此认为AP不但存在凝聚相和非均相的气相/凝聚相反应,而且还有主要气相产物之间的"后续反应"。     

显微拉曼光谱法研究盐酸丁咯地尔的热降解历程

本文采用显微激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱和热重技术等多种分析方法,对盐酸丁咯地尔的热降解机理进行了较为详细的研究。通过对原药及其热氧降解历程中间产物的拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析,证实了盐酸丁咯地尔的热氧降解过程与热重分析实验的结果基本相符。热降解过程分为两个明显的阶段:第一阶段是盐酸丁咯地尔脱盐酸、脱羧裂解,剩下苯环骨架结构;第二阶段是苯环骨架完全氧化裂解。     

GC－FTIR联用技术测定水中有机污染物

采用毛细管气相色谱－博里叶变换红外光谱（ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ）技术对工业废水中的有机污染物进行了鉴定，井用气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）进行了对照。在分离出的２５个组分中，ＧＣ－ＦＴＩＲ发挥了能给出官能团信息和区别同分异构体的长处，而ＧＣ－ＭＳ则发挥了灵敏度高、能提供分子量信息和区别同系物的特点。两种技术的结合为环境有机污染物的检测提供了有力的手段     

固-液-气三相环境下非均相苯加氢反应的原位核磁共振研究

本文使用原位核磁共振（NMR）方法成功实现了对固-液-气三相环境下加氢反应的在线监测.在反应过程中,无需分离产物.以Pd纳米颗粒粉末及不同晶面形貌的Pd催化剂作为研究对象,我们研究了反应压强、反应时间,以及催化剂表面性质对加氢反应的影响.结果表明,压强和反应时间都可以影响加氢反应产物的产率,使用暴露不同晶面的Pd共催化剂时,苯加氢产物不同.该原位NMR方法为研究固-液-气三相催化环境下的加氢反应机理提供了可能.     

Isomers of OCS and their reaction with H2O on singlet potential energy surface

The isomers of the carbonyl sulfide (OCS) molecule are investigated in detail at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. One cyclic isomer was identified along with three different linear minima of the OCS molecule. Three interconversion transition states were also located between cyclic and linear forms of OCS. Among these four isomers, the singlet potential energy surface (PES) for the molecule–molecule reaction between the three most energetically favoured isomers of OCS and H₂O has been explored theoretically at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level. This singlet PES comprises of three paths. Path 1 is the reaction of linear OCS molecule with water producing the major product P1 (CO₂?+?H₂S), minor product P2 (S?+?HCOOH) and two isomers via 14 minima and 15 transition states. The Path 2 is an isomerization process in which cyclic isomer of OCS reacts with water molecule via another initial barrierless aduct producing five isomers of the OCS–H₂O system through five interconversion transition states. The reaction of linear COS isomer with water is shown in Path 3. This path produces the radicals SH and COOH from another COS–H₂O complex via a transition state. Among these three products, the product P1 is energetically most favoured. The overall exothermicity of the product channels for the formation of major product P1 on PES is calculated to be about 10.60?kcal/mol possessing initial high entrance barriers of 45.48 and 55.47?kcal/mol in two possible pathways. As the process is favoured thermodynamically but not kinetically, the reaction is expected to be very slow.     

正丁烷和异丁烷低压热解的产物鉴定及质谱分析

利用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱技术研究了正丁烷和异丁烷在流动反应器中的低压热解,实验温度为823～1823 K. 通过扫描光电离效率(PIE)谱探测并鉴定了20多种热解产物,特别是多种自由基和同分异构体. 在质谱分析的基础上讨论了正丁烷和异丁烷热解的不同特性,从而为丁烷同分异构体分解路径的讨论提供了实验依据. 通过讨论可以发现,丁烷的同分异构体结构对它们的主要分解路径具有强烈的影响,从而导致了它们质谱和PIE谱的差异,如不同的主要产物和丁烯产物结构等. 此外与正丁烷热解相比,异丁烷热解在较低的温度下即可生成苯,这与后者中炔丙基和C4物种等苯前驱体的生成得到了加强是密切相关的,也为解释支链烷烃碳烟生成趋势高于直链烷烃的现象提供了实验线索.     

2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-苯三甲醛的合成与表征

以均三甲苯为初始原料,经氯甲基化、改进的Sommelet反应两步合成了目标产物2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-苯三甲醛。利用1H NMR、13C NMR等手段对各步所得产物的结构进行了表征,分析数据证实目标产物为2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,5-苯三甲醛。以均三甲苯计,两步反应的总收率为77.7%。     

Sonolysis of chlorobenzene in Fenton-type aqueous systems

The influence of ultrasounds (200 kHz frequency) on the decomposition of chlorobenzene (CB) in a water solution (around 100 ppm concentration) containing iron or palladium sulfates was investigated. The intermediates of the sonolysis were identified, thus allowing a deeper insight into the degradation mechanism. It was established that CB degradation starts by pyrolysis inside the cavitation bubbles. The initial sonolysis product is benzene, formed in a reaction occurring outside the cavitation from phenyl radicals and the hydrogen atoms sonolytically generated from the water. Polyphenols as products of the CB sonochemical degradation are reported for the first time. The palladium salt was found to be a useful and sensitive indicator for differentiating the sites and mechanisms of the product formation. An alternative mechanism for the CB sonolysis is advanced, explaining the formation of phenols, polyphenols, chlorophenols and benzene.     

Delayed formation of muon-containing species in organic liquids observed by spin resonance technique

The resonance technique has been applied to observe diamagnetic muons and, for the first time by the resonance, Mu-substituted radicals in organic liquids under strong decoupling magnetic fields. In benzoquinone solutions in benzene the relaxation of Mu-cyclohexadienyl radicals through reaction with quinone was directly observed by the radical resonance technique. The product of this reaction was then observed by the diamagnetic muon resonance as a slow formation. Similar slow formation was observed for diamagnetic muons in neat CS₂ and for Mu-radicals in benzene and styrene. Such slow formation can never be observed by the rotation technique due to dephasing problem, and thus the previous method is expected to provide new source of information on slow reaction dynamics of muon containing species.     

苯低压热解的光电离质谱和动力学模型 (cited: 3)

研究苯在30 Torr和1360～1820 K下的热解过程．利用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱技术对热解产物进行了检测,并对其随温度变化的摩尔分数曲线进行了测量．建立了一个低压苯热解动力学模型,并结合生成速率分析展示了燃料分解和芳烃生长过程中的主要反应网络．结果显示苯的分解主要通过氢提取反应生成苯基进行,部分通过单分子解离反应生成丙炔基或苯基进行,并终止于乙炔、丁二炔及1,3,5-己三炔等具有高热稳定性的聚炔烃类物种的生成．此外,低压苯热解中的芳烃生长过程起始于苯和苯基,并主要受到偶数碳增长机理控制．这是由于奇数碳增长机理所依赖的C5和C7物种在低压苯热解中很难生成．     

Generating Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization Using Immobilized Iridium Complexes in the Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of Carbon–Carbon Double and Triple Bonds

Immobilized iridium complexes synthesized using [Ir(COD)Cl]₂ by anchoring on hydrous and anhydrous silica gels were studied in terms of generating parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) in the gas-phase hydrogenation of propylene and propyne. Distinguishing differences in the hydrogenations of carbon–carbon double and triple bonds were found. It has been shown that in the double bond hydrogenation both catalysts are very active even at 25 °C. The reaction yield in continuous flow experiments is more than 70 %, whereas the obtained PHIP degrees are very low. In the case of the triple bond hydrogenation, a more or less active hydrogenation reaction was observed at relatively high temperatures (≈70–80 °C) for the catalyst immobilized on anhydrous silica, while the catalyst immobilized on hydrous silica was inactive at these temperatures. Contrary to the double bond hydrogenation, the triple bond hydrogenation provided significant signal enhancements observed in ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for the signals corresponding to protons of vinyl fragments of product propylene in both PASADENA and ALTADENA experiments. The catalyst, however, is not stable under the triple bond hydrogenation reaction conditions, and deactivates within several minutes. It was also found that at higher temperatures (100–120 °C), this catalyst demonstrates a reactivation most likely associated with the reduction of Ir(I) that results in the formation of Ir(0) surface metal nanoparticles.