基于Er3+：YAlO3/TiO2的可见光催化降解室内甲醛

为使TiO2能够在可见光下发挥其于紫外激发的高光催化活性降解室内甲醛,采用水热处理法将TiO2与掺杂稀土离子Er3+的上转换发光剂Er3+∶YAlO3结合,制备具有可见光响应的Er3+∶YAlO3/TiO2光催化剂,并对其进行了表征分析。结果表明,TiO2以锐钛矿为主,且Er3+∶YAlO3可有效地将可见光上转换至可激发TiO2的紫外光。在箱式反应器中进行光催化降解气态甲醛,研究了甲醛初始浓度与催化剂用量对甲醛降解效率的影响。结果表明,该光催化反应的假一级反应速率常数( kapp )与甲醛初始浓度成正相关,而随催化剂用量的增加先升高后降低。当甲醛初始浓度为0.058 mg/m3、催化剂用量为0.1224 g/L时,kapp最大为3.65×10-3 min-1。该反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,反应速率常数为5×10-8 mg/( L·min)。     

光催化反应器性能参数及其简便测试方法

本文分析了光催化反应器降解有机挥发化合物(VOCs)的特性,提出了反应器总降解常数的概念,提出了一种测量光催化反应器性能参数-传质单元数、反应有效度和总降解常数的方法。管状光催化反应器降解空气中微量甲醛的实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验表明:在空气温度22-24℃,空气湿度40％附近,甲醛的光催化反应在不同浓度区间近似为一次反应,在1.6-12.4 mg/m3浓度区间内其总降解常数最大。     

光催化材料反应系数测量新方法

本文提出光催化材料反应系数测量新方法-Mass transfer based(MTB)方法,该方法不同于传统方法中忽略传质影响,而是通过CFD计算考虑传质影响,这种改进无需传统方法所需反应控制过程也可准确测量光催化材料反应系数。利用该方法测量了光催化材料降解甲醛的反应系数,实验验证了其可行性。     

基于空气争化的介孔纳米TiO2的应用研究

本研究创建连续流动气相光催化实验系统,采用动态配气法生成一定低浓度的甲醛气体,开发利用介孔纳米TiO2为光催化材料,以促进利用光催化技术应用于消除室内有害污染气体更具实际意义和商业价值.研究表明,以非表面活性剂有机小分子三乙醇胺为模板剂制得了介孔TiO2材料,其粒径在20～30 nm之间;通过控制气流速度为7.5 cm/s以消除传质对反应的影响,在相对湿度为28%和反应温度为25℃的条件下,相对具有相近吸光性能和粒度的DegussaP25,介孔纳米TiO2具有更高的光催化降解甲醛的反应效率.     

基于空气净化的介孔纳米TiO_2的应用研究

本研究创建连续流动气相光催化实验系统,采用动态配气法生成一定低浓度的甲醛气体,开发利用介孔纳米TiO2为光催化材料,以促进利用光催化技术应用于消除室内有害污染气体更具实际意义和商业价值．研究表明,以非表面活性剂有机小分子三乙醇胺为模板剂制得了介孔TiO2材料,其粒径在20-30 nm之间;通过控制气流速度为7．5 cm／s以消除传质对反应的影响,在相对湿度为28％和反应温度为25℃的条件下,相对具有相近吸光性能和粒度的Degussa P25,介孔纳米TiO2具有更高的光催化降解甲醛的反应效率．     

硫和银共掺杂介孔TiO2的制备、表征及其对染料的光催化降解活性

以P123为模板,以钛酸四正丁酯、硝酸银和硫脲为原料采用模板法制备了一系列硫和银共掺杂介孔TiO₂光催化材料．利用SEM、XRD、BET和紫外-可见光谱等技术对其形貌、晶体结构及表面结构、光吸收特性等进行了表征．以甲基橙溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了不同掺杂量的样品在紫外和可见光下的光催化性能．结果表明,用模板法制备的共掺杂介孔TiO₂光催化材料在紫外和可见光条件下较纯介孔TiO₂和单掺杂介孔TiO₂对甲基橙溶液具有更好的光催化降解效果, 且硫和银的掺杂量及样品焙烧温度显著影响该材料的催化性能．当硫掺杂量为2mol%和银掺杂量为1mol%,在500 oC 焙烧2 h所得光催化材料的催化性能最佳,4 h即可使甲基橙的降解率达98.8%,重复使用4次仍可使甲基橙的降解率保持在87.5%以上     

TiO2光催化降解废水中的甲硝唑

以低浓度甲硝唑为模型污染物,研究TiO2光催化降解甲硝唑废水.以5.0mL 60tmol/L的甲硝唑溶液为降解目标,考察了Cu2+浓度、溶液pH值、光照时间、TiO2用量等对甲硝唑降解率的影响.实验表明,当初始浓度为60μμmol/L的甲硝唑溶液、500mg/L H2O2溶液、225μmol/L的Cu2+溶液均取5.0mL参加反应,用硫酸调节pH约为3.0,当TiO2用量为4.12mg、光照反应时间为75min时,平均降解效果可达91.87％.     

热催化蜂窝降解室内VOCs实验研究

使用热催化材料降解挥发性有机化合物(VOC)是一种新型的空气净化方式。本文采用陶瓷蜂窝(负载含1%Pt的热催化剂)组成催化装置,研究了其在密闭环境舱中降解空气中甲醛和甲苯的特性。结果表明,在25℃条件下,热催化蜂窝装置对甲醛的降解效果显著,对甲苯无明显降解效果;在170℃条件下,装置对甲醛降解效果明显增强,对甲苯也表现一定降解效果。分析表明,提高温度对降解性能的影响主要表现为催化反应速率的增强。     

基于二氧化钛-介孔硅复合材料的光催化毒气过滤器

介绍了一种介孔硅与纳米二氧化钛的复合方法,制备了兼具高吸附性与高光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛-介孔硅复合材料.在此基础上,以365nm波长的紫外LED为光源、特制的半泄露聚合物光纤为导光介质制造了一种新型的光催化毒气过滤器.实验结果表明:当LED光功率为540mW,复合材料装填量为350g时,该过滤器对甲醛气体的吸附量大于3mg;当过滤器达吸附饱和后,输入甲醛气流量为2L/min、浓度为0.7mg/m~3,实时分解甲醛的速率达72μg/h,输出气体中甲醛浓度降至0.09mg/m~3,低于国家卫生标准中的室内甲醛浓度的安全阈值.纳米二氧化钛-介孔硅复合光催化剂的吸附特性为光催化分解提供了充分的反应时间,有利于提高光催化分解效率,可以长时间循环工作,有望用于家庭空气净化,甚至取代现有的活性炭过滤器,用在长效的防毒面具等装置中.     

铁和镧共掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

以葡聚糖为模板,钛酸四正丁酯、硝酸铁和硝酸镧为前驱体采用模板法制备了一系列铁、镧单掺杂及共掺杂纳米TiO₂光催化剂. 利用SEM、XRD、BET比表面积测定和UV-Vis等技术对其形貌、晶体结构及表面结构、光吸收特性等进行了表征. 以甲基橙溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了不同掺杂的样品在紫外和可见光下的光催化性能. TiO₂材料具有较大的比表面积(约150 m²/g),铁和镧共掺杂纳米TiO₂在可见光区域有较强的吸收,在紫外和可见光条件下较纯TiO₂和单掺杂TiO₂对甲基橙溶液具有更好的光催化降解效果,且铁和镧的掺杂量显著影响该材料的催化性能. 当铁掺杂量为0.5mol%、镧掺杂量为0.3mol%,在500 ℃焙烧2 h所得光催化材料的催化性能最佳,焙烧4 h即可使甲基橙的降解率达98.8%,且该复合材料有较高的循环回收利用率,重复使用4次仍可使甲基橙的降解率保持在88%以上.     

Synergistic effect of efficient adsorption g-C3N4/ZnO composite for photocatalytic property

Novel g-C₃N₄/ZnO composite photocatalyst was synthesized from an oxygen-containing precursor by direct thermal decomposition urea in air without any other templates assistance. Different percentages of g-C₃N₄ were hybridized with ZnO via the monolayer-dispersed method. The prepared g-C₃N₄/ZnO composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), FT-IR, TEM and XPS. The composites showed much higher efficiency for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) than ZnO under UV and visible light irradiation. Especially, the photocatalytic efficiency was the highest under UV light irradiation when the percentage of g-C₃N₄ was 6%. The improved photocatalytic activity may be due to synergistic effect of photon acquisition and direct contact between organic dyestuff and photocatalyst. Then, effective separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs at the interface of g-C₃N₄ is an important factor for improvement of photocatalytic activity. This work indicates that g-C₃N₄ hybrid semiconductors photocatalyst is a promising material in pollutants degradation.     

Preparation and photocatalytic properties of hybrid core–shell reusable CoFe2O4–ZnO nanospheres

Magnetically separable and reusable core–shell CoFe₂O₄–ZnO photocatalyst nanospheres were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis technique using glucose derived carbon nanospheres as the template. The morphology and the phase of core–shell hybrid structure of CoFe₂O₄–ZnO were assessed via TEM, SEM and XRD. The magnetic composite showed high UV photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue in water. The photocatalytic activity was found to be ZnO shell thickness dependent. Thicker ZnO shells lead to higher rate of photocatalytic activity. Hybrid nanospheres recovered using an external magnetic field demonstrated good repeatability of photocatalytic activity. These results promise the reusability of the hybrid nanospheres for photocatalytic activity.     

Microwave synthesis of nitrogen doped Ti4O7 for photocatalytic applications

The nitrogen (N) doped Ti₄O₇ photocatalyst was prepared from urea as a nitrogen source by a microwave method. The resulting photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis). 0.1 M N doped Ti₄O₇ photocatalyst exhibited methylene blue decomposition efficiency of 100% which was prepared by microwave treatment for above 30 min. Rate constant was found to be 0.028910 min⁻¹ in the first order kinetic.     

Photocatalytic activity enhancement of Dy-doped TiO2 nanoparticles hybrid with TiO2 (B) nanobelts under UV and fluorescence irradiation

The main drawbacks of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles for being used as a photocatalyst are due to the rapid charge recombination of the electron-hole pairs and the wide band gap energy, limiting its photocatalysis application. To enhance photocatalytic activity, structure modification was performed here. Heterogeneous nanostructure of Dy-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles hybrid with Monoclinic TiO₂ nanobelts (Dy/TNBs) was fabricated via hydrothermal method. Annealing temperature was varied to investigate its effect on phase composition and morphology of the as-prepared TiO₂ catalyst. Phase composition and morphology were studied by XRD and SEM, respectively. The effect of amount of catalyst loaded on the degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution under UV and fluorescence illumination was investigated. The results showed that pure monoclinic TiO₂ nanobelts (TNBs) was achieved at 450 °C. Enhanced photocatalytic activity under both UV and fluorescence irradiation was found on Dy/TNB samples. The optimum Dy dosage providing the highest MB degradation rates under both irradiation sources was 0.1 mol%.     

DC corona ozone generation enhanced by TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> photocatalyst

Non-thermal electrical discharges, such as corona discharge are apart of the source of ozone, charged, and excited species and acoustic noise also the source of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. The important component of this radiation from the standpoint of photocatalyst activation is the ultraviolet radiation. We studied the role of UV radiation on corona discharge ozone production by placing the titanium dioxide photocatalyst into the discharge region. We used hollow needle to mesh DC corona discharge at atmospheric pressure with TiO₂ globules on the mesh. The discharge was enhanced by the flow of air through the needle. We found that for the needle biased negatively addition of TiO₂ photocatalyst on the mesh electrode drastically increases discharge ozone production as well as the ozone production yield. These quantities are also influenced by the mass of the used photocatalyst and its distribution in the discharge chamber.     

Sonophotocatalytic decomposition of water using TiO(2) photocatalyst

Sonophotocatalytic reaction is a photocatalytic reaction with ultrasonic irradiation or the simultaneous irradiation of ultrasound and light with a photocatalyst. The possibility of the effect of hybrid of sonochemical and photocatalytic reactions was examined. Liquid water was hardly decomposed to H(2) and O(2) by photocatalysis or sonolysis, independently. In order to decompose water, powdered TiO(2) photocatalyst suspended in distilled water should be simultaneously irradiated by light and ultrasound. This sonophotocatalytic reaction was effective on the decomposition of water to H(2) and O(2).     

Photostability and visible-light-driven photoactivity enhancement of hierarchical ZnS nanoparticles: The role of embedment of stable defect sites on the catalyst surface with the assistant of ultrasonic waves

Zinc sulfide is a UV-active photocatalyst and it undergoes photocorrosion under light irradiation. In this work, the defect sites on ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) surfaces were induced with the help of powerful ultrasonic waves. The defect sites caused (1) suppression of photocorrosion in a large extent under UV light irradiation and (2) enhancement of visible light photo activity. The photocorrosion inhibition was induced by raising valence band (VB) position through the formation of interstitial zinc and sulfur vacancy states in the ZnS band structure and weakening of oxidative capacity of hole. The enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity may be related to the generation of more defect energy states in the ZnS band gap. Under visible light irradiation, the electron was excited from the ZnS VB to the interstitial sulfur and zinc vacancy states before injecting into the conduction band of ZnS. Therefore, we modified the band gap of ZnS so that it acts as a visible light active photocatalyst. ZnS NPs were prepared using two different classical and ultrasound methods. The prepared ZnS using ultrasound method, exhibited more outstanding photocatalytic activity for degrading reactive black 5 (RB5) under UV and sunlight irradiation in comparison with the classical method. Details of the degradation mechanism under UV light were investigated. This work provides new insights to understanding the photocorrosion stability and visible light activity of bare ZnS photocatalyst.     

Investigation into the effects of deposition parameters on TiO2 photocatalyst thin films by rf magnetron sputtering

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalyst thin films were deposited on non-alkali glass substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. The Taguchi method with orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance were employed to study the performance characteristics. The experimental studies were conducted under different rf powers, sputtering pressures, O₂/(Ar+O₂) flow-rate ratios, and substrate temperatures. The deposited TiO₂ films were of the anatase phase with a (101) preferred orientation. We performed both photoinduced decomposition of methylene blue (MB) and photoinduced hydrophilicity under UV light illumination. With the optimized TiO₂ photocatalyst thin film deposition conditions, the water contact angle after 9 min UV illumination was approximately 5, the absorbance of MB was reduced to 0.2 for 240 min UV irradiation, and the deposition rate was 34.18 Å/min.     

Carbon quantum dots supported ZnO sphere based photocatalyst for dye degradation application

A Carbon quantum dots supported ZnO hollow Sphere (ZnO/C-dots) were synthesized through a solvothermal method using polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a solvent. The phase and crystal structure of as-prepared ZnO/C-dots photocatalyst were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology and size of the composite were analyzed using field emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites were examined using UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometer. The photocatalytic activity of pure ZnO and ZnO/C-dots nanocomposites were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV–Visible light irradiation. The ZnO/C-dots nanocomposites exhibited maximum photocatalytic MB dye degradation efficiency of 96% which is much higher that the pure ZnO (63%). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO/C-dots is due to the extended light absorption in the visible region and suppressed photoexcited electron-hole pair recombination rate. Moreover, the activity of photocatalyst after five cycles exhibits high stability, which is vital for the sustainable photocatalytic procedures. It is concluded that the prepared ZnO/C-dots composite have low cost, good stability and has a great potential application for Photocatalytic dye degradation.     

Azobenzene-containing small molecules organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel materials for photonic applications

Azobenzene-containing germania-ormosil hybrid materials are prepared by combining a low-temperature sol–gel technique with a spin-coating process, which can be used for the simple and low cost fabrication of waveguide devices for photonic applications. The planar waveguide and structural properties of the hybrid waveguide films are characterized by a prism coupling technique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of azobenzene content and heat treatment temperature on the photo-responsive properties of the hybrid films are also studied by photoirradiation with UV light. The results indicate that the azobenzene in hybrid materials can undergo trans–cis–trans photoisomerization efficiently by photoirradiation with UV light, and surface pattern structure induced due to UV light photoirradiation can be easily observed on such azobenzene-doped hybrid materials. Thus, this as-prepared organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel material shows promising candidates for optical switch applications and allows for directly integrating on a single chip waveguide device with optical data storage and optical switching devices.