新型硅酸盐长余辉发光材料

首次在硅酸盐体系中发现了余辉时间长达10h以上的高亮度长余辉现象,并采用高温固相法合成了一系列硅酸盐长余辉发光材料。研究发现：Eu^2 ,Ln共激活的镁黄长石结构的焦硅酸盐化合物和镁硅钙石结构的硅酸盐化合物的余辉发光性能最好。研究了各发光材料的光谱特征、长余辉性能,测量了各发光材料的激发光谱和发射光谱以及余辉衰减曲线。同时研究了其应用性能,并测量了发光材料的热释光谱,x射线粉末衍射图谱,确定了发光材料的晶格类型。     

Pr3+掺杂红色长余辉发光材料研究进展

Pr3+掺杂长余辉发光材料因其稳定高效的红色持久性发光而备受关注.近年来,Pr3+掺杂红色长余辉发光材料的基础研究和应用探索均取得了长足的进步.本文总结了Pr3+离子发光特性与电荷迁移带位置的关系,概述了最近报道的发光材料体系,讨论了余辉性能的优化途径,介绍了相关材料在信息加密、交流发光二极管(AC-LED)、生物成像...     

Y2O2S∶Eu,Mg, Ti,Gd 红色长余辉发光材料的热稳定性

采用高温固相法制备了Y₂O₂S ∶ Eu,Mg,Ti,Gd红色长余辉材料,研究了热处理工艺对材料稳定性的影响。用X射线衍射表征该材料的相组成,用激发光谱、发射光谱、余辉亮度对材料的发光性能进行表征。结果表明:热处理温度在600 ℃以下时,材料的发光性能不变;当热处理温度达到800 ℃时,发光性能缓慢下降;当热处理温度达到1 000 ℃时,主晶相Y₂O₂S变成Y₂O₂SO₄和Y₂O₃,发光性能急剧下降。与铝酸盐及硫化物发光材料相比,Y₂O₂S ∶ Eu,Mg,Ti,Gd红色长余辉材料具有较好的热稳定性。     

SrO/Al2O3比率对Sr2AlO4:Eu,Dy发光性能的影响

采用高温固相法合成稀土离子掺杂碱土铝酸盐发光粉,通过改变原料配比分别合成出富Sr和富Al的Sr2AlO4：Eu,Dy发光粉样品。XRD分析结果表明,SrO／Al2O3比率的微小变化不会影响样品的晶相组成。样品的发光性能和长余辉特性测试结果表明,富Al的Sr2AlO4：Eu,Dy发光粉具有较高的荧光强度及较长的余辉时间,说明Sr2AlO4晶格中SrO／Al2O3比率对Sr2AlO4：Eu,Dy发光性能和长余辉特性有很大的影响。激发与发射光谱、发射峰余辉衰减以及热释光谱分析表明,SrO／Al2O3比率的微小变化,导致晶格中发光中心Eu^2 浓度和陷阱的深度与密度发生改变。在富Sr体系中,稀土掺杂离子Eu^2 ,Dy^3 较难进入Sr^2 的晶格位置,晶格中发光中心Eu^2 浓度和陷阱密度都较低,使得粉体发光强度较低,余辉时间较短。     

稀土离子激活长余辉发光材料的最新研究进展

长余辉发光材料是一种新型储能材料。评述了基质组成和制备技术对长余辉发光材料发光特性的影响;介绍了黄绿光、蓝光和红光长余辉材料的最新研究进展和获得长余辉发光的关键因素,即结构缺陷形成的陷阱态和稀土掺杂的作用,并对长余辉发光材料今后的研究和应用做出了展望。     

Nb5+、Sm3+共掺杂YTaO4的长余辉发光性质

采用高温固相法合成了Nb~(5+)、Sm~(3+)共掺杂YTaO_4长余辉发光材料,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、稳态荧光光谱、漫反射光谱和热释光曲线等多种表征手段研究了材料的结构、荧光和长余辉发光特性。XRD结果表明,共掺杂Nb~(5+)和Sm~(3+)没有引起YTaO_4晶体结构的改变。光谱分析表明,共掺Nb~(5+)不仅可大幅提高YTaO_4中Sm~(3+)的长余辉发光强度,而且可实现长余辉发光颜色的调控。对Sm~(3+)和Nb~(5+)共掺杂调控长余辉发光特性的机理也进行了分析。     

Sm~(3+)掺杂对SrLaGa_3O_7自身长余辉发光性质的影响

采用高温固相法制备了Sr La Ga_3O_7∶x Sm~(3+)长余辉材料,通过XRD、荧光光谱、热释光谱分别对样品的结构以及发光性能进行了研究,探究了Sm~(3+)掺杂浓度对样品自身长余辉发光性能的影响。研究结果表明:样品在254 nm紫外光照射后,Sr La Ga_3O_7∶x Sm~(3+)在386 nm有明显的长余辉发光,可持续60 min,主要是由于样品中空位引起的发光。随着掺杂Sm~(3+)浓度的增加,样品的发射光谱和余辉强度先增强后减弱,并出现明显的红移现象,这与Sm~(3+)掺杂所造成的空位浓度密切相关。当Sm~(3+)的摩尔分数达到0.5%时,样品在420 nm处展现最佳的长余辉性质。热释光谱表明掺杂后的样品中存在两种不同的陷阱,分别是由氧空位和锶空位引起的,这两种陷阱不仅影响样品的发光强度,而且充当俘获中心从而影响样品的余辉性能。     

发光搪瓷釉料研究

铕激活的铝酸锶系列超长余辉发粉具有起始亮度高、余辉时间长、无放射性毒害等突出优点,成为当前一类极具发展前途的发光材料,本项目采用该系列发光材料,研究了蓄能发光搪瓷釉料,并制备了性能稳定的发光搪瓷制品。     

红色长余辉材料Y_2O_2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料Y2O2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、热释光测量等对材料的性能进行了表征。结果分析表明:Y2O2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)长余辉材料的最大荧光发射和余辉发射峰完全一致都位于627nm,产生红光发射,是典型的Eu3+离子的5D0-7F2跃迁。激发停止后,能够产生较好的余辉性能。碱土金属离子能够增强其荧光发射峰强度并对余辉性能有一定促进作用,其中以Mg2+最好,其次是Ba2+。     

新型电子俘获型材料β-Sr2SiO4:Eu2+, La3+长余辉和光激励发光性能的研究

通过高温固相法在还原气体保护下制备出β-Sr₂SiO₄: Eu²⁺, La³⁺系列样品. 通过样品光谱显示, 光致发光、余辉及光激励发光中心均来自于Eu²⁺离子; 并且La³⁺ 的掺入有效增强光致发光、余辉及光激励发光强度. 热释光与余辉衰减测试证明, 与单掺Eu²⁺样品所具备的缺陷数量相比, 共掺La³⁺样品在浅陷阱区(T1区)较多的俘获中心数量是导致其余辉性能优化的主要因素; 其光激励发光强度的增强则归因于在深陷阱(T3区)的俘获中心数量增加. 共掺样品放置15h并在980nm红外激光激励后, 表现出光激励长余辉发光现象. 此现象的出现, 为电子俘获型材料的浅陷阱对深陷阱中的载流子再俘获过程的存在提供了直接证据. 因此, β-Sr₂ SiO₄: Eu²⁺, La³⁺ 材料可视为一种潜在的长余辉和光激励发光材料.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.