Background subtraction based on time-series clustering and statistical modeling

This paper proposes a robust method to detect and extract silhouettes of foreground objects from a video sequence of a static camera based on the improved background subtraction technique. The proposed method analyses statistically the pixel history as time series observations. The proposed method presents a robust technique to detect motions based on kernel density estimation. Two consecutive stages of the k-means clustering algorithm are utilized to identify the most reliable background regions and decrease the detection of false positives. Pixel and object based updating mechanism for the background model is presented to cope with challenges like gradual and sudden illumination changes, ghost appearance, non-stationary background objects, and moving objects that remain stable for more than the half of the training period. Experimental results show the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed method to detect and extract the silhouettes of moving objects in outdoor and indoor environments compared with conventional methods.     

基于多级跟踪队列的运动目标跟踪遮挡处理

针对多目标跟踪过程中存在的遮挡问题,提出了一种固定摄像机场景下的多目标实时跟踪算法.提出基于鬼影判别与背景模型选择更新的背景差法检测运动目标,建立一种融合色度与边缘特征的目标模型.通过定义稳定跟踪队列、临时跟踪队列、跟踪丢失队列以及候选跟踪队列等跟踪器队列,提出基于多级关联匹配的策略实现多目标跟踪遮挡处理,针对新目标、...     

简单有效的运动汽车投影阴影分割算法

在实时的车型识别系统中,由于光照的影响,需要一种简单快速有效的方法将汽车车体与其阴影分割开。利用阴影的光谱属性,同时根据阴影的几何特征及阴影区域内的点和汽车的空间位置、形状等相关特点,提出一种基于小波变换多分辨率特性的阴影分割算法,该算法能有效地分割出阴影与目标之间的分界线。先利用阴影的光谱属性对阴影进行粗分割,然后利用小波变换的多尺度性对候选阴影点进行特征提取,从而获取最后的阴影分界线。该方法不需要事先确定光源的方向、车体的彩色信息和背景纹理信息,能有效地分割任何颜色、任何背景纹理下、任何光源方向下的运动汽车投影阴影。实验表明,该方法定位准确,处理速度快,抗噪能力强,为进一步的车型识别提供基础。     

Adaptive contour-based statistical background subtraction method for moving target detection in infrared video sequences

A robust contour-based statistical background subtraction method for detection of non-uniform thermal targets in infrared imagery is presented. The foremost step of the method comprises of generation of background frame using statistical information of an initial set of frames not containing any targets. The generated background frame is made adaptive by continuously updating the background using the motion information of the scene. The background subtraction method followed by a clutter rejection stage ensure the detection of foreground objects. The next step comprises of detection of contours and distinguishing the target boundaries from the noisy background. This is achieved by using the Canny edge detector that extracts the contours followed by a k-means clustering approach to differentiate the object contour from the background contours. The post processing step comprises of morphological edge linking approach to close any broken contours and finally flood fill is performed to generate the silhouettes of moving targets. This method is validated on infrared video data consisting of a variety of moving targets. Experimental results demonstrate a high detection rate with minimal false alarms establishing the robustness of the proposed method.     

多特征融合匹配的多目标跟踪

针对复杂背景的视频图像多目标跟踪遮挡问题,提出了一种多特征融合匹配的多目标跟踪方法。基于自适应高斯混合背景模型重构和更新背景策略,实现当前帧背景减除和多目标检测;采用目标的颜色特征、质心位置、运动速度等特征进行融合匹配跟踪;最后,通过区域辅助判定策略将场景下的目标状态分为目标进入场景、目标退出场景、目标暂消、目标重现、目标融合和分裂5种状态,用质心预测方法和遮挡因子辅助匹配来提高匹配正确率。仿真实验结果表明：采用该方法跟踪同一目标和不同目标的相似度平均值分别为0.949 71和0.505 73,优于单一颜色特征信息匹配;目标遮挡结束后重新匹配相似度为0.972 83,实现了复杂背景下具有表面相似性的多目标实时跟踪。     

On shadow elimination after moving region segmentation based on different threshold selection strategies

A popular approach for detecting moving object regions in video sequences is the application of the background subtraction technique. According to this technique the background (reference) image is subtracted from the current image frame and the moving parts are detected by the selection of a suitable threshold. In this paper we present our work to discriminate the moving pixels of the generated difference images from the relatively stationary pixels through the use of three different threshold selection strategies, namely, (i) ‘3σ edit rule’, (ii) rule utilizing the Hampel identifier, and (iii) rule based on an ad hoc selection of threshold. Further, after segmentation a method of classification, based on a moving shadow search technique, previously developed by the authors, has been applied to segregate the moving shadow region from the actual moving object. The speed-up achieved through the use of the three aforementioned techniques on the core moving shadow search process, compared to that where no such process has been applied, has been documented. The final outcomes of applying the shadow detection technique after segmenting using each of the threshold selection strategies, one at a time, on some indoor video sequences have been demonstrated and comparison of the methods made.     

复杂背景灰度图像下的多特征融合运动目标跟踪

为解决低对比度、低信噪比、目标旋转、缩放等非理想状态给跟踪算法的研究带来的诸多困难,本文提出灰度图像多特征融合目标跟踪算法,保证在满足工程实践需要的条件下,能够对目标进行稳定的跟踪。算法首先对灰度图像利用Sobel算子求出梯度特征,将X、Y双方向的梯度特征与灰度特征相融合得到新特征,新特征在核密度函数下对低对比度,目标轮廓形状变化较大的情况有较高的适应性和稳定性,再利用背景建模的方法对提取的运动目标区域进行加权,降低非跟踪目标的权值,最后对融合后的加权特征目标利用改进MeanShift算法进行跟踪。通过大量的实验表明,该算法适应目标和背景的复杂变化,并且具有较强的鲁棒性,基本满足在复杂背景灰度图像下目标跟踪的工程实际需求。     

快速无参数背景建模的红外目标检测方法研究

针对复杂背景红外图像序列目标检测的难题,给出了一种用于红外监控系统中入侵目标检测的背景建模方法。应用特征样本集为每一个像素建立统计无参数样本集模型,根据核函数估计计算每一个像素值对模型的符合概率。使用双阈值进行目标检测和模型更新,将图像分为三类:可靠背景、感兴趣区域和不可靠背景。通过不可靠背景类提供的信息进一步将感兴趣区域细分为入侵目标和错误检测。对几种红外图像序列仿真实验表明,该算法不仅可以比较精确的检测显著入侵目标,对于容易淹没在噪声中的弱小入侵目标也可以实现准确地检测。     

基于自适应非参数统计模型的彩色目标跟踪算法研究

针对复杂环境条件下的视觉跟踪问题,提出一种基于自适应非参数统计模型的彩色目标跟踪算法。利用目标和背景之间的强度差别,基于自适应核密度估计模型对运动目标进行了非参数统计建模。为了实现具有较大范围运动目标的跟踪,在充分考虑目标和背景之间的相关性前提下,采用目标特征统计的背景加权直方图对搜索区域进行了扩大。为了提高对环境变化的适应能力,根据目标和环境的变化自适应更新目标特征分布模型。通过对实际图像序列的实验,结果表明该算法能够有效跟踪运动目标,并且平均迭代次数比传统方法减少了37.28%。     

Measurements-based Moving Target Detection in Quantum Video

A method to detect a moving target in multi-channel quantum video is proposed based on multiple measurements on the video strip. The proposed method is capable of detecting the location of the moving target in each frame of the quantum video thereby ensuring that the motion trail of the object is easily and efficiently retrieved. Three experiments, i.e. moving target detection (MTD) of a pixel, MTD of an object in complex shape, and MTD of a pixel whose color is conterminous with that of its background, are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. This study presents a modest attempt to focus on the moving target detection and its applications in quantum video.     

Moving target detection approach based on spatio-temporal salient perception

The differences in texture and motion between man-made object and natural scene are the key features for human biological visual system to detect moving object in scenery. The paper proposed a moving target detection approach based on spatio-temporal perception, which is a crucial function of the visual attention mechanism. The spatial feature including edge, orientation, texture and contrast of the image are extracted, and then the corresponding spatial salient map are constructed by fusing the features through difference of Gaussian (DOG) function, which can suppress the common and enhance the difference of local region. Then, the global motion, local motion and relative motion between continuous images are extracted by means of pyramid multi-resolution, and the moving salient map is constructed after the motion difference between moving target and background is confirmed. Finally, the spatio-temporal salient map is constructed by fusing the spatial salient map and the moving salient map through competition strategy, and the moving target could be detected by searching the maximum in the spatio-temporal salient map. Some experiments are included and the results show that the method can accurately detect the moving target in complex background.     

The moving target detection algorithm based on the improved visual background extraction

This paper presents a moving target detection algorithm based on the improved visual background extraction. Traditional VIBE (Visual Background Extractor) algorithm is one of the powerful background subtraction algorithm. It can quickly, accurately and integrally detect moving target. However, sometimes it will falsely determine background as foreground and impact detection results. In this paper, we improve the traditional VIBE algorithm by joining TOM (Time of map) mechanism in the process of detection, so it can not only use the pixel’s spatial domain information, but also make full use of the pixel’s time domain information. Experiments detailed in this paper show the algorithm presented in this paper has better detection effect than the traditional VIBE algorithm.     

基于层的平动军事目标图像识别及运动估计

根据平动物体的运动学特征采用层的图像处理方法,实现自然环境中平动军事目标的识别和运动估计。在彩色图像的组成层上,进行图像恢复、背景噪音消除和轮廓提取等灰度图像处理。依据军事目标的特点,在各个图像组成层上采用独立的参数控制以实现最佳彩色图像处理效果。在已知目标模型的情况下,根据连续帧的处理识别确定模型的运动状态,结合平动的特点,实现目标模型的运动估计。在层上的图像处理效果优于灰度处理,利用目标模型模板,能较准确地判断目标模型运动状态。     

LTP与光照突变补偿结合的运动目标检测算法

针对现有运动目标检测算法在光照突变条件下鲁棒性不强、易发生误检等问题,提出了将LTP算子与光照突变补偿模型结合的运动目标检测算法。首先利用LTP算子获取当前帧与其背景图像的纹理特征图,然后计算当前帧图像像素点作为前景点的概率并依据概率自适应地更新背景,再判断图像是否发生光照突变补偿并采用线性模型补偿突变图像序列,最后利用背景减除法获取运动目标。实验结果表明本文算法在光照突变条件下对运动目标检测效果理想,检测精度指标PR高于同类其他算法,且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于YCbCr颜色空间背景建模与手势阴影消除

为了提高动态手势检测的精确度,本文将基于YCbCr颜色空间的混合高斯背景建模应用于动态手势识别中,并且提出手势阴影消除的有效算法。首先,对待检测视频帧通过抠图抠出手势图像,在YCb'Cr'颜色空间进行椭圆拟合,统计建立椭圆肤色模型,继而在YCbCr颜色空间进行混合高斯背景建模检测出动态手势,点乘原图像得到含有阴影的RGB手势图像,对检测出的含有阴影的手势图像利用已建立的椭圆肤色模型进行阴影消除,最后将手势图像连成视频序列。实验结果表明,该算法在复杂背景下进行动态手势的检测率可达91.4%,高出传统方法10%左右,能够满足动态手势检测基本要求,且具有较高的实用价值。     

基于模糊集理论的运动目标检测

针对复杂自然环境下运动目标检测中噪声多、目标检测不完整等问题,提出一种改进的基于模糊集理论的解决方法。使用金字塔多分辨率模型进行背景差分获取初步的前景掩膜,将当前帧的颜色、时间、空间、位置4种特征用模糊集表示,形成模糊向量集合簇,用模糊数学理论结合这4个向量的特征,得到每个像素点对前景的隶属度,从而检测运动目标。该方法不仅能有效地检测较完整运动目标,也可以克服自然环境下微小运动背景的影响。实验结果显示:该方法前景的识别率为0.717 4,错误率为0.011 8,能适应自然环境下动态背景的影响。     

Imaging a periodic moving/state-changed object with Hadamard-based computational ghost imaging

We propose a method for imaging a periodic moving/state-changed object based on computational ghost imaging with Hadamard speckle patterns and a slow bucket detector, named as PO-HCGI. In the scheme, speckle patterns are produced from a part of each row of a Hadamard matrix. Then, in each cycle, multiple speckle patterns are projected onto the periodic moving/state-changed object, and a bucket detector with a slow sampling rate records the total intensities reflected from the object as one measurement. With a series of measurements, the frames of the moving/state-changed object can be obtained directly by the second-order correlation function based on the Hadamard matrix and the corresponding bucket detector measurement results. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate the validity of the PO-HCGI. To the best of our knowledge, PO-HCGI is the first scheme that can image a fast periodic moving/state-changed object by computational ghost imaging with a slow bucket detector.     

基于鱼眼镜头的目标监控与测量系统分析

为了实现超大范围的目标监控与测量,设计和分析了一种基于鱼眼镜头的超广角监测系统。以鱼眼镜头和CCD作为图像采集系统,以DSP作为控制和处理中心,采用自适应动态更新背景差方法进行目标识别,利用图像处理方法进行目标方位角测量,对前方半球空间中可能出现的目标进行监测。实验结果表明,基于鱼眼镜头的监控系统具有超大的监控视角,在各种环境下都具有较高的监控能力;基于动态更新背景的背景差目标识别方法具有较强的抗干扰性,能准确地识别出各种可能出现的目标,并能对其进行方位角测量。相对于传统的监控系统来说,具有监控范围大,结构简单,工作稳定可靠,在各种安全监控领域有着广泛的应用。