用于静态和动态平面内位移测量的剪切束电子斑纹图干涉术的相移和载…

报道了一种新颖的用于平面内位移测量的相移和载波技术。在剪切束电子斑纹图干涉度度术中，照明光束由棱镜分为两个波前，棱镜的侧面移动将引入相移。在棱镜后加一小角光楔，则光楔的转动产生载波条纹。棱镜或光楔的转动可由机械或电学机构精密控制。形为信息由数字图像处理算法，相位迭代和傅里叶变换法给出。文中介绍了理论及其实验演示的结果。     

剪切电子散斑平移棱镜相移方法研究

在剪切电子散斑干涉中,由于错位的二物光束同向传播,很难将二物光分开引入附加相位的方法来实现相移.平移棱镜相移法可以在二束物光不分开的情况下实现相移.本文对平移棱镜相移法进行了理论分析,证明平移棱镜可以引入稳定、线性的附加相位,给出了附加位移与附加相位之间的关系式.利用周边固定、中心加载的圆盘进行实验,给出了实验结果,证明平移棱镜相移法可以有效地从干涉条纹中定量提取位移导数信息.     

剪切电子散斑平移棱镜相移方法研究

在剪切电子散斑干涉中,由于错位的二物光束同向传播,很难将二物光分开引入附加相位的方法来实现相移.平移棱镜相移法可以在二束物光不分开的情况下实现相移.本文对平移棱镜相移法进行了理论分析,证明平移棱镜可以引入稳定、线性的附加相位,给出了附加位移与附加相位之间的关系式.利用周边固定、中心加栽的圆盘进行实验,给出了实验结果,证...     

飞秒钛宝石激光脉冲的载波包络相移测量研究

飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移测量与控制是实现阿秒脉冲与光学原子钟的重要内容，在利用光子晶体光纤扩展飞秒钛宝石激光振荡器光谱的研究基础上，通过自参考技术测量并优化了该激光输出脉冲的载波包络相移所引起的拍频信号.实验上采用半导体抽运的倍频Nd:YVO4532nm激光器作为抽运源，对钛宝石激光器所产生的平均功率500mW、脉宽18fs的光脉冲进行拍频测量后观察到约23MHz的频移，对应于每周期053π的载波包络相移.飞秒激光脉冲载波包络相移测量的实现对于进一步利用电子反馈系统精确控制载波包络相移，从而得到高稳定的飞秒激光频率梳具有重要意义. 关键词： 载波包络相移 光子晶体光纤 飞秒 超连续     

马赫-曾德尔型相移矢量剪切干涉仪

为了实现对激光波面的等光程测试,设计了一个新颖的相移矢量剪切干涉仪。该干涉仪以马赫曾德尔结构为基础,为等光程干涉仪。通过在相干的两路光束中分别插入楔角方向正交放置的楔板实现矢量剪切;其中一块楔板分成两块(平板部分和楔板部分),楔板部分沿平板部分的表面移动,通过改变光程差来实现相移,2π相移所需的移动距离为几毫米的量级,该相移方法在相移精度控制上比较简单。文中还对楔板引入的横向剪切误差和相移误差进行了分析,最后给出了实验所得的一组相移干涉图。     

稳像光学系统设计

重点沦述光学稳像的光学原理,并引用具体的平面反射镜作为光学补偿元件(也就是光稳元件)的稳像方式加以阐述,由此导出倒像系统和正像系统达到相对稳像和绝对隐像时补偿角与扰动角之间的关系式。论述采用会聚光路稳像时由棱镜的微量转动而达到绝对稳像时棱镜转动中心的求法。论述光稳元件兼作转像棱镜时光稳元件的有效孔径与转功中心和棱镜位置的关系。     

角锥棱镜激光谐振腔的基本特性

 分析了角锥棱镜对光束的相位变换作用，带二面角误差的角锥棱镜可等效于6块光楔的组合，其楔角的大小和方向由二面角误差决定。对在腔内往返传输的光线在镜面上的位置进行了分析，结果表明：3个二面角误差相同且不为零的角锥棱镜构成的谐振腔为约束非稳腔。用Fox-Li迭代法数值模拟得到了不同棱镜二面角误差情况下的谐振模式。模拟结果表明：圆形镜腔情况下基本振荡模式接近于TEM₀₃模的拉盖尔高斯光束；当3个二面角误差不相同时，模式中各个区域的强度分布不对称。采用3个二面角误差基本接近且绝对值较小的棱镜可以提高光束质量。     

结合线性回归的离轴数字全息去载波相位恢复算法

为实现仅用一幅离轴数字全息图便能直接恢复相位,提出一种利用空间载波相移技术(spatial carrier phase shift, SCPS)和线性回归相结合的离轴数字全息去载波相位恢复算法.首先,利用SCPS将一幅离轴数字全息图分为四幅含有载波相移的全息图,其中载波相移由沿行、列两个方向的正交载波所引入;然后,将四幅载波相移全息图作为输入,将所求物体相位和两个正交的载波作为未知量,结合最小二乘法和线性回归同时求出载波和相位信息.相较于已有的去载波技术,本算法无需背景全息图作为参考,便可准确地去除载波,实现高质量的相位重建.本文结合数值仿真和具体实验结果验证本算法的有效性和优越性.     

三百直角棱镜的成盘加工和快速检验

随着激光计量技术的发展,三面直角棱镜(又称锥体棱镜或四面体)的应用也日益普遍。三面直角棱镜常常是激光计量仪器中的关键零件,对其直角误差和面形误差往往提出很高的设计要求,如直角误差不大于O.3″～1″,面形误差不大于0.1～O.3个光圈。目前一般采用单件手修的加工方法,效率很低,检验方法也受测量精度和设备条件的限制,远远不能适应成批生产的要求。我们在研制“光电光楔测角仪”时,设计加工了如图1所示的三面直角棱镜。加工中试用了成盘加工和快速检验直角误差的方法。     

基于偏振模干涉的可变系数微波光子滤波器

基于偏振调制和光的干涉原理,设计了同时具有正系数和负系数特性的微波光子滤波器,并通过搭建实验模型证实了方案的可行性。利用偏振调制及光的偏振特性实现载波和一阶边带的正交偏振,并通过改变偏振调制器的偏置电压分别对载波和一阶边带引入相移。当载波和一阶边带的相位差为0或90时,利用保偏光纤快慢轴上两正交偏振光在同一偏振态上的干涉效应,分别对应实现具有负系数或正系数特性的微波光子滤波器。最后,测量并验证了0~15 GHz频率范围内滤波器的频率响应。     

分时偏振成像系统中光束偏离的补偿方法研究

分时偏振成像系统需要通过旋转检偏器获取场景的偏振信息(I, Q, U), 检偏器的前后表面间不平行(也称为楔角)将导致成像光束发生偏离且随检偏器旋转而旋转, 这将降低偏振成像系统的空间分辨率和偏振测量精度. 本文提出调整检偏器相对于入射主光轴倾斜角的方法来补偿上述光束偏离. 以格兰棱镜作为检偏器, 根据几何光学理论, 推导了分时偏振成像系统光束偏离的一阶近似补偿模型, 获得倾斜角与格兰棱镜楔角之间的函数关系, 并通过仿真模拟验证了该补偿方法的可行性和有效性. 研究结果表明, 将格兰棱镜置于汇聚光路中, 光束偏离的一阶误差可以通过调节格兰棱镜的倾斜角有效补偿; 倾斜角大小与棱镜折射率、楔角及棱镜距电荷耦合元件靶面的距离成正比, 与棱镜厚度成反比. 该结果为研制高精度分时偏振成像系统提供了切实可行的理论依据.     

一种可实现电子散斑干涉的新型大错位方棱镜

设计了一种可实现电子散斑干涉的大错位方棱镜.将普通方棱镜的一个面磨去一个楔角后变为斜面,该斜面和相邻的一个面镀反射膜,其他二个面镀增透膜.垂直入射的光线经过分光后变成二束光,分别经过平面反射和斜面反射,出射的二束光线就分开了.将该大错位方棱镜置于CCD镜头前,一个物体可以成二个错位的像;相邻的二个物体可叠加成像.错位量由楔角决定,错位量足够大,可实现大错位电子散斑干涉.根据试件大小和成像距离,楔角的大小可选择在1°到10°之间.对中心加载周边固定圆盘进行了电子散斑载频干涉实验,证明了大错位方棱镜能够高质量地实现电子散斑干涉,实现位移场测量.     

星间激光通信光束微弧度跟瞄性能检测装置的设计原理

基于矢量折射定理,研究了透射光束通过双棱镜实现微弧度量级偏转的设计原理,解决了星间激光通信精跟瞄检测的难题。推导了正交双棱镜实现光束偏转的精确公式,提出以水平张角和垂直张角表达光束视场,并说明了单棱镜实现光束偏转的一般情况。根据设计指标和计算结果确定了棱镜的主要参量,进而对光束的偏转结果进行了数值模拟。最后的实验结果与模拟结果基本一致。结果表明:取棱镜棱角α为4°时,棱镜每旋转1′,透射光束变化约1μrad;分别控制双棱镜在其最小偏向角一侧小角度偏转,可以实现光束在水平方向和垂直方向500μrad范围内的精确扫描,装置的扫描精度可以达到0.2μrad。     

Holographic prism as a new optical element: III. Experimental implementation of a holographic prism of modification II and comparative characterization of the two holographic prism modifications from the application point of view

The conditions for the formation of a holographic prism of modification II (for which a beam of diffracted rays is induced by a reference laser beam in the plane oriented perpendicularly to the reference beam) are described. A sample of this prism is implemented experimentally, and its response to the signal (reference) beam is demonstrated. Two modifications of a holographic prism as a basis for solving metrological problems of storing and reproducing flat angles and transferring the angle size to gradable and/or calibrated angle-measuring tools are compared. Each modification is found to have advantages in particular fields; thus, none can be considered as unconditionally preferred. The final choice of a particular modification can be made only after detailed analysis of the devices on their basis.     

改善外腔半导体激光器调谐特性的新方法

基于原有的Littman结构外腔半导体激光器,提出采用一种新的光学方法来实现波长调谐。该方法采用了包含一个旋转楔形棱镜的“光杠杆”系统来降低调谐的机械要求,提高波长选择精度。通过选择不同的楔形棱镜顶角和光线入射角,机械要求可以降低1～2个数量级,波长选择精度也得到相同量级的提高。该方法使Littman结构外腔半导体激光器的调谐特性得到极大的改善,并大大降低了震动的敏感性。     

Optical refractometry based on Fresnel diffraction from a phase wedge

A method that utilizes the Fresnel diffraction of light from the phase step formed by a transparent wedge is introduced for measuring the refractive indices of transparent solids, liquids, and solutions. It is shown that, as a transparent wedge of small apex angle is illuminated perpendicular to its surface by a monochromatic parallel beam of light, the Fresnel fringes, caused by abrupt change in refractive index at the wedge lateral boundary, are formed on a screen held perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. The visibility of the fringes varies periodically between zero and 1 in the direction normal to the wedge apex. For a known or measured apex angle, the wedge refractive index is obtained by measuring the period length by a CCD. To measure the refractive index of a transparent liquid or solution, the wedge is installed in a transparent rectangle cell containing the sample. Then, the cell is illuminated perpendicularly and the visibility period is measured. By using modest optics, one can measure the refractive index at a relative uncertainty level of 10(-5). There is no limitation on the refractive index range. The method can be applied easily with no mechanical manipulation. The measuring apparatus can be very compact with low mechanical and optical noises.     

A microprism array as shearing device for speckle shearing interferometry

In most speckle shearing interferometers image shearing is performed by means of a Michelson interferometer or by means of a wedge prism covering half of the aperture of the camera objective. We present a speckle shearing interferometer which utilizes a microprism array for this purpose. It is placed between the test specimen and the camera. In comparision with a wedge prism it exhibits some advantages: it needs no exact alignment, it works with any camera lens, the shearing distance and direction of shearing can be easily changed by changing position (resp. angular orientation) of the element. Phase stepping for computer evaluation of the speckle shearing interferograms is performed by the translation of the shearing element. A special translation stage was developed. Experimental results are presented. The interferometer is suited for microcomponent and microsystem testing.     

All-solid-state continuous wave intracavity frequency-tripled Nd:YVO4-LiB3O4 blue laser using double-resonant approach

In the paper, a new way of intracavity frequency-tripled all-solid-state laser to generate continuous wave blue coherent radiation is firstly demonstrated. High-efficiency of continuous wave third harmonic generation using the approach of double-resonance at fundamental frequency and second harmonic is developed by insertion of one wedge prism for the phase control. The maximum output power at the wavelength of 447 nm, which was generated with two long LiB₃O₄ crystals by noncritical phase matching, is about 1.15 W with a beam quality factor of M² of 1.05. From the experimental results, the generation of continuous wave blue light using this way with higher conversion efficiency can be achieved.     

New multiplexed system for synchronous measurement of out-of-plane deformation and two orthogonal slopes

We propose a novel system for synchronous measurement of out-of-plane deformation and two orthogonal slopes using a single camera. The linearly polarized reference beam introduced by an optical fiber interferes with the unpolarized object beam to measure the out-of-plane deformation. A modified Mach—Zehnder interferometer is used to measure the two orthogonal slopes of the out-of-plane deformation. One of the object beams of the Mach—Zehnder interferometer is an unpolarized beam, and the other object beam is split into two orthogonal linearly polarized object beams by a polarizing prism. The two beams are orthogonally polarized. Hence, they will not interfere with each other. The two polarized beams respectively interfere with the unpolarized beam to simultaneously measure the two orthogonal slopes of the out-of-plane deformation. In addition, the imaging lens and apertures are respectively placed in three optical paths to independently control the carrier frequencies and shearing amounts. The effectiveness of this method can be proved by measuring two pressure-loaded circular plates.     

基于迈克尔逊干涉的傅里叶变换散斑形貌测量技术

提出了电子散斑干涉载频调制测量物体形貌的方法。采用典型的迈克尔逊干涉光路,将物体偏转一微小角度（等效为物面与参考面间形成空气楔）产生等厚干涉,可在物体的表面引入包含物体高度信息的载波干涉条纹。用CCD采集该载波条纹图,利用傅里叶变换法可解调出物体高度的位相信息,从而实现物体的形貌测量。介绍了电子散斑干涉载频调制测量物体形貌的原理,并进行了实物测量,给出了实验结果。由于该方法采用散斑干涉方法测量物体形貌,所以具有灵敏度高的优点。