动态匹配光栅解调方法波长读出优化研究

提出了采用一支价格低廉的微测力传感器作为匹配光栅解调系统的波长读出单元,不同于以往动态匹配光栅解调法采用拉伸匹配光栅的PZT驱动电压作为解调系统波长读出单元.当匹配光栅和传感光栅布喇格中心波长重叠时,光电探测器将接收到最大光信号.利用光纤光栅轴向受力和反射波长漂移的数学关系得到光纤光栅传感器的波长漂移.该解调系统解决了传统动态匹配解调系统中PZT本身特性对系统的影响,探测到的光纤光栅传感器反射波长和匹配光栅轴向受力大小具有很好的线性,系统线性大于0.999.本系统对于探测布喇格传感器应变分辩率达到1 με以下.     

基于虚拟仪器和可调谐激光技术的光纤光栅传感系统

提出了一种新颖的基于虚拟仪器(VI)和可调谐激光技术的光纤光栅(FBG)传感系统,利用可调谐激光对由光纤光栅组成的传感器阵列进行波长扫描,实现了多根光栅的复用准静态解调,并结合抖动技术和反馈环结构,使得探测信号在每一根传感光栅中心波长处过零,以提高系统在测定波长偏移时的分辨力。当反馈环工作在闭环状态下时,该系统还可对单根光栅实现动态跟踪锁定,实现单根光栅的动态解调。该传感系统的数据采集采用虚拟仪器技术,通过多通道同时输入输出实现了在线实时解调。实验采用了4根光栅组成传感阵列,获得了静态多根光栅小于1με和单根光栅动态频率10 Hz时3.3 n/εHz的解调分辨力,动态应变范围在850με。     

用于光纤光栅解调的波长敏感光纤耦合器

为了拓宽光纤耦合器的使用范围,开发光纤耦合器的新功能,采用熔锥技术制作波长敏感耦合器,该耦合器在分光的同时对波长敏感。通过耦合理论验证实验结果,实验数据与理论值相符合。实验中得到波长灵敏度最大值为17.86%/nm的耦合器。采用拉锥工艺制作波长敏感耦合器工艺简单,耦合比峰值对应波长控制易于实现。该耦合器可用于光纤光栅布拉格波长漂移解调。令待解调光纤光栅布拉格波长与耦合器波长灵敏度最大值对应的波长一致,当波长发生漂移时,耦合器输出耦合比发生变化。自制的波长敏感耦合器实现了对布拉格波长为1566.71 nm光纤光栅波长漂移的解调,波长漂移1.80 nm,耦合比变化20.34%。此种解调方式具有光路简单,易于与光纤匹配的优点,可以应用在大型建筑中光纤光栅的健康监测。     

F-P标准具温度特性对光纤光栅波长解调精度的影响

F-P标准具的特性易受温度影响,温度变化时,其透射峰会发生漂移,将其应用于光纤光栅波长解调时,温度波动会给波长解调精度带来影响。分析了F-P标准具的温度特性对光纤光栅波长解调精度的影响程度,并分别采用温度稳定性为1.5 GHz和3 GHz的F-P标准具进行了稳定性和重复性实验。实验结果表明:光纤光栅传感器的中心波长不同,由F-P标准具的温度特性产生的解调误差也不同;采用2种F-P标准具测得的稳定性误差最大值分别为0.528 pm和0.676 pm,重复性误差最大值分别为1.77 pm和2.01 pm。     

光纤光栅传感器波长移位检测方法

光纤光栅波长移位检测是光纤光栅传感器的核心技术之一,已提出的光纤光栅波长移位检测方法有被动解调法、匹配光栅法、非平衡Mach-Zehnder干涉仪法、可调谐窄带光源法和激光锁模法等详细介绍了光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的波长移位检测方法,分析了各种检测方法原理.重点讨论了非平衡M-Z干涉仪法和可调谐窄带光源法,并对以上各种方法的优、缺点进行了分析和讨论.     

基于可调高斯型滤波器的光纤光栅振动解调技术研究

 传统的匹配光纤布拉格光栅型光纤光栅波长解调系统具有波长匹配精度低、调节困难和动态测量范围小的缺点。为了克服上述缺点,采用波长可调谐高斯型滤波器代替传统匹配光纤光栅,提出了一种新型的光纤光栅波长解调技术。建立了基于高斯型滤波器的光纤光栅振动解调系统。对不同频率和振幅的周期性振动进行了解调实验。发现当选择合适带宽的滤波器时,透过滤波器的光功率随压电陶瓷上所加电压信号同步且高保真地变化,表明该系统对振动信号实现了有效的解调。该系统同时具有响应速度快、物理结构简单、动态测量范围大的优点。     

基于宽谱光源的光纤传感波长解调系统的研究

研究制作了基于宽谱光源的光纤传感波长解调系统, 以多光纤光栅作为波长参考基准、采用可调谐光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)滤波器作为波长扫描器件。系统中采用三次多项式拟合的方法对滤波器锯齿波的扫描电压与透射波长关系曲线进行非线性拟合, 解决可调谐光纤F-P滤波器的电压—波长非线性关系对系统测量带来的较大误差问题, 实现波长的高精度解调。采用五光纤光栅做波长参考, 单根光纤光栅传感器的解调实验结果表明：待测光纤光栅布拉格波长短期测量分辨率为3.5 pm, 长期测量稳定性为7 pm。采用该系统对光纤非本征法布里-珀罗干涉型(EFPI)应变传感器的测试结果表明, 测量应变灵敏度为2.41 nm/με, 并且应变和波长之间存在良好的线性关系, 线性相关度达到0.99991。     

粒子群优化算法在光纤光栅传感器波长解调中的应用

为了提高光纤光栅(FBG)解调系统的波长解调精度,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法结合参考光纤光栅(FBG),对常用波长解调器Fabry-Perot型光纤滤波器(FPF)的透射光谱中心波长与控制电压之间存在的非线性和回滞特性进行了研究,并提出一种实时建立FPF透射光中心波长与其控制电压之间关系模型的方法。该方法利用粒子群优化算法收敛快、易实现的特点,保证了FPF模型建立的准确性和实时性。实验结果证明,利用所建模型可有效提高FBG传感系统的波长测量准确度,测量误差不超过25 pm。系统结构简单,对提高FBG传感系统的测量准确度具有重要意义。     

基于可调谐半导体激光器的高分辨率多路复用光纤光栅波长解调系统

构建了一套高分辨率的可复用光纤光栅波长解调系统.采用波长调谐范围为1 546nm至1 558nm的紧凑型可调谐半导体激光器作为光源,来提高系统的紧凑性、波长分辨率以及响应速度,加入标准气室作为波长基准以提高系统的长期稳定性.使用多个电极电流共同调谐的办法,实现了在12nm范围内半导体激光器波长分辨率高达1pm的准连续波长扫描.利用重心算法提高光纤光栅中心波长的解调精确度和稳定性,并对解调过程进行模拟.解调系统的波长分辨率优于1pm,精确度接近2pm.整个光纤布拉格光栅温度传感系统在1 550nm附近实现了0.1℃的温度分辨率.     

新型波长解调技术在干涉型光纤传感器输出解调中的应用

提出了一种改进型边缘滤波波长解调技术,解决干涉型或谐振型光纤传感器输出的干涉谱波长的快速解调问题。该波长解调技术基于啁啾光栅和长周期光栅的光谱特点,以啁啾光栅作为矩形滤波器,提取传感器输出干涉谱的一个干涉峰;以长周期作为边缘滤波器,将干涉峰的波长信息转化为光强信息进行检测。该波长解调技术波长解调范围为传感器输出干涉谱的一个自由光谱范围(FSR),解调速度快,克服了当前波长解调技术中存在的测量范围与测量速度难以同时提高的问题,同时还具有系统成本低 ,体积小,能够灵活多路扩展的特点。详细介绍了解调系统的工作原理以及系统结构,并将其实际应用于一种干涉型光纤电流传感器输出干涉谱的波长解调中。通过实验证明电流传感器工作在工频及脉冲电流(脉冲宽度25 μs)情况下,该解调系统对传感器输出干涉谱具有准确、快速的解调效果。该研究对推进干涉或谐振型光纤传感器的实际工程化水平的提高具有重要意义。     

优化光纤光栅传感器匹配光栅解调方法的研究

利用悬臂梁调谐和两个并联二次反射匹配解调光栅的方法实现了光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)传感器的高精度大范围应变传感测量.通过并联方式,选择合适的匹配光栅波长,增大了可检测的应变范围,同时解决了双值问题.应变传感信号经两路解调光栅解调,并由数据采集卡采集后,由计算机进行两路并联信号的综合处理后获取更准确的结果,使得系统性能得到提升和优化.试验结果与理论分析一致.     

A linearity interrogation technique with enlarged dynamic range for fiber Bragg grating sensing

An exact linearity interrogation technique with enlarged dynamic range for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor has been analyzed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. The technique bases on two matched FBGs for receiving the reflected signal from the sensor FBG and two photodiodes (PDs) for collecting the reflected signal from the two receiver FBGs. The linear expression between the nature logarithm of the output ratio of the two PDs and Bragg wavelength of the sensor FBG is obtained on the condition that the bandwidths of the two receiver FBGs being equal to each other. The wavelength of the sensor FBG can be interrogated simply and accurately by the linearity technique according to the expression. In addition, a new tunable paralleled matched gratings interrogation scheme is proposed. The interrogation range can be enlarged and multiple FBG sensors can be interrogated simultaneously with the tunable interrogation scheme.     

光纤光栅传感器阵列有源时域地址查询技术

报道了一种基于环形腔光纤激光器和1×4模拟电子开关的具备实时监测功能的光纤光栅传感网络查询技术,利用级联的波分复用光栅串充当环形腔光纤激光器端镜,借助可调法布里珀罗滤波器对反射的信号光进行扫描,调整光路结构并增加抽运光强度使信号光得到足够的增益,则可获得各传感元工作波长的激光脉冲,且依时序输出。又引入1×4模拟电子开关,将转换为电信号的激光输出按时序分配至4个输出信道。结合非平衡扫描干涉解调技术,实现了对4光栅传感阵列的查询解调。1555 nm波长时系统传感灵敏度的实验值为1.630°/με,与理论值1.674°/με基本吻合。     

Multiplexed reflective-matched optical fiber grating interrogation technique

The multiplexed-reflective matched fiber grating interrogation technique was presented in this paper.The interrogation technique was based on the use of two (or more) wavelength-matched fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to receive the reflected signal from the sensing FBG. The two (or more) matched gratings were arranged parallelly and used as filters to convert wavelength into intensity encoded information for interrogation. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the interrogation system is immune to the source fluctuation and cross-sensitivity effect between temperature and strain, and also can enlarge the dynamic range.     

阵列波导光栅解调的准分布式光纤光栅传感器

从理论上和实验上研究了一种操作简单、响应速度快,价格低廉和高分辨率的基于阵列波导光栅(AWG)的准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器.该传感系统采用了阵列波导光栅双通道强度解调技术对光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度进行精确的解调.实验结果表明,该系统对宽带宽光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度解调均具有高线性度,考虑系统稳定性及光纤布拉格光栅之间的串扰影响,波长测量精度仍可达2 pm,温度测量精度优于0.2℃.     

Addressing fiber Bragg grating sensors with wavelength-swept pulse fiber laser and analog electrical switch

A pulse train with a wavelength dependent time sequence is generated in a fiber laser configuration, which contains a cascaded wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array and a tunable F-P filter. By distributing pulses to corresponding channels with a 1 × N analog electrical switch, a novel FBG sensors interrogation technique with advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high interrogation speed is experimentally demonstrated. Then, a FBG sensing system based on this interrogation technique and the mature unbalanced scanning Michelson interferometer (USMI) demodulation technique is realized. The system has shown a sensitivity of 1.610°/με, for the 1555 nm FBG, which agrees well with the theoretical value of 1.674°/με.     

带加速度补偿平面型光纤光栅水听器探头技术的研究

针对平面型光纤Bragg光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,缩写为FBG)水听器探头加速度响应明显,影响它对正常声压进行探测的需求,提出了采用加速度补偿措施进行加速度去敏这一有效方法。从理论和实验上分析研究了带加速度补偿平面型光纤FBG水听器探头的结构灵敏度、灵敏度频率响应特性和加速度响应特性。结果表明:采用加速度补偿措施后,单位加速度(1m·s-2)响应输出的等效作用声压由2.52~3.26 Pa降为0.0758~0.217 Pa。同时,探头结构灵敏度由28 fm/Pa减小为20 fm/Pa,动态谐振频率由6.2 kHz增高为6.52 kHz。谐振频率的增加有助于提高水听器系统的动态响应特性,而结构灵敏度的降低,可以通过提高FBG动态波长解调仪的灵敏度来进行补偿。本来,光纤光栅或光纤光栅激光水听器系统可探测灵敏度主要由解调仪灵敏度决定,而不是由探头结构灵敏度决定。所以,该加速度补偿措施具有很大的实用性。      

Interrogating fiber Bragg grating sensors by thermally scanning a demultiplexer based on arrayed waveguide gratings

We evaluate a wavelength interrogation technique based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Initial results show that the Bragg wavelength of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors can be precisely interrogated by thermally scanning an AWG-based demultiplexer. The technique potentially offers a low-cost, compact, and high-performance solution for the interrogation of FBG distributed sensors and multisensor arrays.     

A cheap and practical FBG temperature sensor utilizing a long-period grating in a photonic crystal fiber

A whole temperature sensor in one package utilizing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) made in a conventional single-mode fiber and which uses a long-period grating (LPG) made in a photonic crystal fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The function of the interrogation is that the wavelength change of the FBG with environmental temperature is transferred to the intensity of the output via the LPG. Utilizing the temperature-insensitivity of the LPG in the PCF, the interrogation is stable and enables a cheap and practical temperature measurement system with a wide dynamic range.     

Study of the planar optical fiber Bragg grating hydrophone probe with acceleration compensation

Since the probe acceleration response of a planar optical FBG hydrophone is very obvious and has an adverse influence on normal underwater acoustic pressure detection,an acceleration desensitization method employing an acceleration compensation measure is presented here.Results indicate that by utilizing this method,the equivalent pressure output applied by one unit of acceleration(1m·s^-2) is reduced from a range of 2.52-3.26 Pa to 0.0758-0.217 Pa, while the structural sensitivity decreases from 28 fm/Pa to 20 fm/Pa,however,the resonance frequency increases slightly from 6.2 kHz to 6.5 kHz.The increased resonance frequency helps to improve the dynamic frequency characteristics,and while the structural sensitivity is reduced, it can be compensated for by improving the optical FBG dynamic wavelength interrogation sensitivity.The system sensitivity of the optical FBG hydrophone is mainly determined by its wavelength interrogation sensitivity and not the probe structure sensitivity.Therefore,the acceleration compensation method would have broad practical applications.