Investigation of sound field for a standing wave tubesystem with flow and with lateral Helmholtz resonator II. Experiments and discussion

Based on the theoretical analysis of a standing wave tube with flow and lateral Helmholtz resonator, a relevant experimental apparatus were set up, and were successfully used to validate the the analysis above. Meanwhile an end correction and an equivalent radius coefficient covered in the theoretical analysis were also determined by experiments. Furthermore several results obtained from the theoretical analysis and experiments were used to discuss the effects of flow on the performance of Helmholtz resonator and the sound field in the standing wave tube. It is shown that using Helmholtz resonator for the standing wave tube with flow is still a good measure for noise reduction, even though the effect of noise reduction could be reduced because of flow.     

Investigation of sound field for a standing wave tube system with flow and with lateral Helmholtz resonator Ⅱ.Experiments and discussion

Based on the theoretical analysis of a standing wave tube with flow and lateral Helmholtz resonator, a relevant experimental apparatus were set up, and were successfully used to validate the the analysis above. Meanwhile an end correction and an equivalent radius coefficient covered in the theoretical analysis were also determined by experiments. Furthermore several results obtained from the theoretical analysis and experiments were used to discuss the effects of flow on the performance of Helmholtz resonator and the sound field in the standing wave tube. It is shown that using Helmholtz resonator for the standing wave tube with flow is still a good measure for noise reduction, even though the effect of noise reduction could be reduced because of flow.     

Sensitivity correction of co-vibrating vector hydrophone in standing wave tube by numerical calculation

When the sensitivity of a large-size vector hydrophone is calibrated in a standing wave tube, the distribution of the calibration sound field will be uneven, resulting in a large error in the calibration results. In the case that the accurate analytical expression of the calibration sound field cannot be obtained, the sound field simulation analysis model is established based on the actual standing wave tube calibration device. The sound pressure and acceleration values of vector hydrophone and ...     

STUDY OF NONLINEAR ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PERFORATED CONSTRUCTION AT HIGH SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS

Based on the theory concerning the nonlinear acoustic resistance of an orifice presented by ZhaoSongling et al.,authors derived the expressions about the nonlinear acoustic resistance of the perforatedconstructions for the both circumstances of normal incidence in a standing wave tube and side branchincidence in a progressive wave tube.It is pointed out that the performance of resonance-type mufflerwill depend on the incidence pressure.Experiments were carried out in a standing wave tube and aprogressive wave tube with highly intense sound.In the experiments the highest incidence soundpressure level approached about 155 dB(ref.2×10~(-5) Pa). The experimental results agree with the theoretical prediction approximately.In order to facil-itate the practical application of the theory,suggestions are made of several critical conditions ex-pressing the nonlinear behaviour of acoustic resistance.     

Experimental study on the standing-wave tube with tapered section and its extremely nonlinear standing-wave field

A standing-wave tube with tapered section(STTS) was evolved from a standing-wave tube with abrupt section(STAS) whose abrupt section was replaced with tapered section. The research was intended to compare the acoustic properties and the extremely nonlinear pure standing waves of STTS with those of STAS.The acoustic properties of the STTS were studied with transfer matrix.It was proved,like the STAS,that the STTS was dissonant standing-wave tube.With its dissonant property,the 181 dB extremely nonlinear pure standing wave was obtained in the STTS excited at its first resonance frequency.Then the comparative experimental studies on the saturation properties of the extremely nonlinear standing waves were carried out in the STTS and the STAS with the same length.It was found that the STTS could suppress the harmonics and meanwhile reduce energy loss of the standing wave more effectively.Compared with the STAS,under the same voltage of loudspeaker,the STTS obtained a higher extremely nonlinear pure standing wave.Moreover,it was found for the STTS that the third harmonic of the third resonance frequency was close to the seventh resonance frequency of sound source impedance,to which the valley value of the sound pressure level transfer function corresponded.Because of this,the third harmonic increased rapidly with the increase of fundamental wave and tended to saturate.     

Theoretical analysis on deflagration-to-detonation transition

The study on deflagration-to-detonation transition(DDT) is very important because this mechanism has relevance to safety issues in industries, where combustible premixed gases are in general use. However, the quantitative prediction of DDT is one of the major unsolved problems in combustion and detonation theory to date. In this paper, the DDT process is studied theoretically and the critical condition is given by a concise theoretical expression. The results show that a deflagration wave propagating with about 60% Chapman–Jouguet(CJ) detonation velocity is a critical condition. This velocity is the maximum propagating velocity of a deflagration wave and almost equal to the sound speed of combustion products. When this critical condition is reached, a CJ detonation is triggered immediately. This is the quantitative criteria of the DDT process.     

Theory of sound field in a room—re-examination

The theory of steady-state sound field in a room is re-examined. It is shown that the normal-mode solution of the wave equation is not the exact solution, and the derivation is incorrect... The exact solution of the wave equation in a reflective room should contain both the free space solution (direct sound field) and the standing wave solution (reverberant sound field), the latter is formed by all the reflected waves to a group of allowed wave types (the normal modes of vibration ).     

The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform.The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction.The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method.Based on the diffracted sound field,a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented.It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray.The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given.Furthermore,it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies.And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency,which is important for sonar system design.     

Recovery of the free field in noisy environment by using the spherical wave superposition method

To remove the scattering effect of the disturbing sound on the target source when implementing nearfield acoustic holography in a non-free field, a free field recovery technique based on the spherical wave superposition method is proposed. In the method, the sound field separation technique based on the spherical wave superposition method is first used to separate the incoming and outgoing fields, and a further step for separating the radiated and scattered fields is performed by utilizing the surface admittance of the target source as the boundary condition. The technique makes it possible to correctly identify noise sources in a non-free sound field. The basic principle of the technique is described firstly, a method for choosing the optimal number of spherical wave expansion terms is given, and two numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the validity of this technique. It is shown that, for the lower frequency, the scattering effect can be neglected, and the radiated field of the target source can be obtained by the sound field separation technique, however, as the increasing of the frequency, the scattering effect cannot be neglected, and the free field recovery technique has to be used to obtain the radiated field of the target source.     

A scheme of quantum phase gate for trapped ion

We propose a scheme to implement two-qubit controlled quantum phase gate（CQPG） via a single trapped two-level ion located in the standing wave field of a quantum cavlty, in which the trap works beyond the Lamb--Dicke limit. When the light field is resonant with the atomic transition ｜g） →← ｜e） of the ion located at the antinode of the standing wave, we can perform CQPG between the internal and external states of the trapped ion; while the frequency of the light field is chosen to be resonant with the first red sideband of the collective vibrational mode of the ion located at the node of the standing wave, we can perform CQPG between the cavity mode and the collective vibrational mode of the trapped ion. Neither the Lamb--Dicke approximation nor the assistant classical laser is needed. Also we can generate a GHZ state if assisted with a classical laser.