Inverse energy transfer by near-resonant interactions with a damped-wave spectrum

The interaction of long-wavelength anisotropic drift waves with the plasma turbulence of electron density advection is shown to produce the inverse energy transfer that condenses onto zonal modes, despite the expectation of forward transfer on the basis of nonconservation of enstrophy. Wave triads with an unstable wave and two waves of a separate, damped spectrum carry the transfer, provided they satisfy a near-resonance condition dependent on turbulence level and wave number.     

On the generation and maintenance of waves and turbulence in simulations of free-surface turbulence

One of the challenges in numerical simulation of wave–turbulence interaction is the precise setup and maintenance of wave and turbulence fields. In this paper, we investigate techniques for the generation and suppression of specific surface wave modes, the generation of turbulence in an inhomogeneous physical domain with a wavy boundary-fitted grid, and the generation and maintenance of waves and turbulence during the complex wave–turbulence interaction process. We apply surface pressure to generate and suppress waves. Based on the solution of linearized Cauchy–Poisson problem, we derive three pressure expressions, which lead to a δ-function method, a time-segment method, and a gradual method. Numerical experiments show that these methods generate waves as specified and eliminate spurious waves effectively. The nonlinear wave effect is accounted for with a time-relaxation method. For turbulence generation, we extend the linear forcing method to an inhomogeneous physical domain with a curvilinear computational grid. Effects of force distribution and computational grid distortion are examined. For wave–turbulence interaction, we develop an algorithm to instantaneously identify specific progressive and standing waves. To precisely control the wave amplitude in a complex turbulent flow field, we further develop an energy controlling method. Finally, a simulation example of wave–turbulence interaction is presented. Results show that turbulence has unique features in the presence of waves. Velocity fluctuations are found to be strongly dependent on the wave phase; variations of these fluctuations are explained by the pressure–strain correlation associated with the wave-induced strain field.     

Displaced phase-amplitude variables for waves on finite background

Wave amplification in nonlinear dispersive wave equations may be caused by nonlinear focussing of waves from a certain background. In the model of nonlinear Schrödinger equation we will introduce a transformation to displaced phase-amplitude variables with respect to a background of monochromatic waves. The potential energy in the Hamiltonian then depends essentially on the phase. Looking as a special case to phases that are time independent, the oscillator equation for the signal at each position becomes autonomous, with the change of phase with position as only driving force for a spatial evolution towards extreme waves. This is observed to be the governing process of wave amplification in classes of already known solutions of NLS, namely the Akhmediev-, Ma- and Peregrine-solitons. We investigate the case of the soliton on finite background in detail in this Letter as the solution that descibes the complete spatial evolution of modulational instability from background to extreme waves.     

波浪破碎湍流混合研究综述

波浪破碎及其湍流混合研究一直是物理海洋学具有挑战性的问题. 文章系统综述了自20世纪90年代以来, 波浪破碎混合观测及其模式化研究方面取得的主要进展: 1)波浪破碎湍流混合不能用经典的海气边界层Wall-layer相似性理论进行描述. 波浪破碎能够在近海面几米的深度范围内形成湍流混合的增强层, 所产生的湍流动能耗散率ε_dis是Wall-layer相似性理论预测结果的10-1000倍. 2)波浪破碎湍流动能耗散率在波峰区域ε_dis∝z^-2.3, 而在波谷以下区域ε_dis∝exp(-αz)或ε_dis∝z^-2. 3)湍流混合长度是刻画波浪破碎混合非常重要的物理量, 但迄今为止对波浪破碎湍流混合长度l的量化研究存在较大差异, l从0.1 H_s到H_s(H_s为有效波高). 如何确定波浪破碎湍流混合长度的定量表示是今后需要亟待解决的重要问题. 关键词： 波浪破碎 湍流动能耗散率 湍流混合长度     

海洋表面波的3-4-5波共振守恒理论

面对海洋表面完整的两大波要素–-张力波和重力波, 构建出一个确定、丰富、基本的有限水深海洋表面波的“3-4-5波共振守恒理论”. 与以往经典、现代的多种结果相比, 充分保证了该理论的“精确性、对称性、完备性”, 为后继、普适的海洋波湍流统计理论提供了一个必备基础. 关键词： 海洋表面波 Hamilton描述 3-4-5波共振 波湍流     

Wave phase conjugation of the stokes component of Brillouin scattering of ultrasound

Wave phase conjugation of a low-frequency ultrasonic wave due to Brillouin scattering of high-frequency parametrically phase conjugate waves in liquid was theoretically and experimentally studied. It was shown that the envelope of the low-frequency conjugate wave is proportional to the product of envelopes of high-frequency waves. The conjugation efficiency corresponds to the angular diagram of the resonant interaction of ultrasonic beams. Compensation for the phase shift of the plane low-frequency wave due to its wave phase conjugation was demonstrated.     

Are there waves in elastic wave turbulence?

An thin elastic steel plate is excited with a vibrator and its local velocity displays a turbulentlike Fourier spectrum. This system is believed to develop elastic wave turbulence. We analyze here the motion of the plate with a two-point measurement in order to check, in our real system, a few hypotheses required for the Zakharov theory of weak turbulence to apply. We show that the motion of the plate is indeed a superposition of bending waves following the theoretical dispersion relation of the linear wave equation. The nonlinearities seem to efficiently break the coherence of the waves so that no modal structure is observed. Several hypotheses of the weak turbulence theory seem to be verified, but nevertheless the theoretical predictions for the wave spectrum are not verified experimentally.     

Nano scale computational architectures with Spin Wave Bus

We propose and analyze a new kind of nano scale computational architectures using spin waves as a physical mechanism for device interconnection. Information is encoded into the phase of spin waves propagating in a ferromagnetic film — a Spin Wave Bus. We describe several possible logic devices utilizing spin waves. The performance of the proposed devices is illustrated by numerical modeling based on the experimental data for spin wave excitation and propagation in NiFe film. The key advantage of the proposed architectures is that information transmission is accomplished without charge transfer. Potentially, the architectures with Spin Wave Bus may be beneficial in terms of power consumption and resolve the interconnect problem. Another expected benefit is in the enhanced logic functionality. Using phase logic, it is possible to realize a number of logic functions in one device. These advantages make the architectures with a Spin Wave Bus very promising for application in ultra-high-density integrated circuits (more than 10¹⁰ devices per square inch).     

极化电场对可激发介质中螺旋波的控制

螺旋波在不同的物理、化学和生物系统中普遍存在.周期外场,比如极化电场,尤其是具有旋转对称性的圆极化电场可对螺旋波动力学产生重要影响.本文综述了极化电场对可激发介质中螺旋波的控制,包括共振漂移、同步、手征对称性破缺、多臂螺旋波的稳定、次激发介质中的螺旋波、三维回卷波湍流态的控制、心脏组织中螺旋波的去钉扎、心脏组织中螺旋波湍流态的控制等.     

多光子非线性Compton散射对激光等离子体中强朗缪尔湍动谱的影响

 基于电子与多光子集团非线性Compton散射模型,研究了多光子非线性Compton散射对激光等离子体中强缪尔湍动谱的影响,提出了将入射光和散射光作为形成强缪尔湍动的新机制,给出了横等离激元、强朗缪尔激元和离声激元之间相互作用满足的修正方程,并进行了数值模拟.结果表明:Compton散射使横等离激元和朗缪尔激元间的碰撞频率大大增加,随着时间的演化,横等离激元和朗缪尔激元的能量由小波数区向大波数区的转移比散射前要快得多,同时产生剧烈的坍塌.坍塌后期,等离激元的强非线性作用激发出高次共振谐波,使能量从一个谐波转移到另一个谐波,形成无限高次谐波,引起波的破碎,出现由调制不稳定性控制的强朗缪尔湍动、较强的激光成丝和能量均分现象.研究结果为进一步研究强朗缪尔湍动的加速机制、反常碰撞、激光加热实验及快点火实验提供了理论支持.     

三层弱循环耦合可激发介质中螺旋波动力学

采用Bär模型研究了具有循环反馈耦合的三层可激发介质中的螺旋波动力学行为,数值模拟结果显示: 在耦合强度较小时, 在各子系统中可观察到螺旋波漂移或漫游; 当耦合强度稍大时, 相互作用既可以使螺旋波漫游或漂移出系统边界而使子系统回到静息态,还可以使子系统的螺旋波态转变为靶波或湍流态, 并观察到子系统的渐近态依赖初值现象; 继续增大耦合强度, 三个子系统的螺旋波可达到近似广义同步; 当耦合强度更大时, 螺旋波演化为湍流态.     

Weak magnetohydrodynamic turbulence of a magnetized plasma

A weak turbulence of the magnetohydrodynamic waves in a strongly magnetized plasma was studied in the case when the plasma pressure is small as compared to the magnetic field pressure. In this case, the principal nonlinear mechanism is the resonance scattering of fast magnetoacoustic and Alfvén waves on slow magnetoacoustic waves. Since the former waves are high-frequency (HF) with respect to the latter, the total number of HF waves in the system is conserved (adiabatic invariant). In the weak turbulence regime, this integral of motion generates a Kolmogorov spectrum with a constant flux of the number of HF waves toward the longwave region. The shortwave region features a Kolmogorov spectrum with a constant energy flux. An exact angular dependence of the turbulence spectra is determined for the wave propagation angles close to the average magnetic field direction.     

Observation of the nonlinear dispersion relation and spatial statistics of wave turbulence on the surface of a fluid

We report experiments on gravity-capillary wave turbulence on the surface of a fluid. The wave amplitudes are measured simultaneously in time and space by using an optical method. The full space-time power spectrum shows that the wave energy is localized on several branches in the wave-vector-frequency space. The number of branches depends on the power injected within the waves. The measurement of the nonlinear dispersion relation is found to be well described by a law suggesting that the energy transfer mechanisms involved in wave turbulence are restricted not only to purely resonant interaction between nonlinear waves. The power-law scaling of the spatial spectrum and the probability distribution of the wave amplitudes at a given wave number are also measured and compared to the theoretical predictions.     

Wave turbulent statistics in non-weak wave turbulence

In wave turbulence, which is made by nonlinear interactions among waves, it has been believed that statistical properties are well described by the weak turbulence theory, where separation of linear and nonlinear time scales derived from weak nonlinearity is assumed. However, the separation of the time scales is often violated. To get rid of this inconsistency, closed equations are derived in wave turbulence without assuming the weak nonlinearity according to Direct-Interaction Approximation (DIA), which has been successful in Navier-Stokes turbulence. The DIA equations is a natural extension of the conventional kinetic equation to not-necessarily-weak wave turbulence.     

On the temporal power spectra of scintillations by propagation through a moving random medium with wave turbulence

The formation of the temporal spectrum of scintillations is considered for electromagnetic waves propagating in a moving continuous random medium with wave turbulence. The relative contributions of the motion of the medium and turbulent wave propagation to the transformation of the spatial spectrum into a temporal one are discussed. Some results obtained from radio occultation by solar wind plasma at small solar elongations are used for choosing a suitable model for wave turbulence.     

Modulated periodic stokes waves in deep water

Modulated deep-water 1D Stokes waves are considered experimentally and theoretically. Wave trains are modulated in a controlled fashion and their evolution is recorded. Data from repeated laboratory experiments are reproducible near the wave maker, but diverge away from the wave maker. Numerical integration of a perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation and an associated linear spectral problem indicate that under suitable conditions modulated periodic Stokes waves evolve chaotically. Sensitive spectral evolution in the neighborhood of homoclinic manifolds of the unperturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation is found.     

Freak waves in random oceanic sea states.

Freak waves are very large, rare events in a random ocean wave train. Here we study their generation in a random sea state characterized by the Joint North Sea Wave Project spectrum. We assume, to cubic order in nonlinearity, that the wave dynamics are governed by the nonlinear Schr?dinger (NLS) equation. We show from extensive numerical simulations of the NLS equation how freak waves in a random sea state are more likely to occur for large values of the Phillips parameter alpha and the enhancement coefficient gamma. Comparison with linear simulations is also reported.     

Plasma Maser Theory of Whistler Waves in the Presence of Ion Cyclotron Turbulence

In this paper we consider the plasma maser theory of whistler waves in the presence of ion cyclotron waves in a magnetized plasma. In a plasma with low frequency ion cyclotron turbulence and a high frequency test whistler wave, growth of the whistler wave takes place because of the turbulent bremsstrahlung interaction between the resonant electrons and the modulated electric fields. The growth rate of the whistler wave is calculated and the results discussed.     

High-Order Harmonics from Laser Irradiated Electron Density Singularity Formed at the Bow Wave in the Laser Plasma

Physics of Wave Phenomena - The electron density singularity formed at the joining area of relativistic wake wave and bow waves has been proposed as a novel relativistic electron mirror regime to...