浅析水下高速航行体对转螺旋桨辐射噪声线谱建模

分析了某水下高速航行体辐射噪声线谱统计特性,指出对转螺旋桨水下高速航行体线谱主要由螺旋桨“叶片速率”线谱及其谐波频率线谱组成。在此基础上,以周期信号为模型建立了航行体辐射噪声线谱数学模型,并应用该模型对不同转速航行体辐射噪声线谱频率进行了预测。     

船舶侧斜螺旋桨空化噪声调制谱模型

针对侧斜螺旋桨船舶建立了一种螺旋桨空化噪声调制谱理论模型.将螺旋桨旋转过程中崩溃的空泡体积的周期性变化近似为空化噪声能量的变化,根据船尾伴流速度与空泡噪声体积成比例以及螺旋桨转速与空泡数量成比例的关系,推导出了空化噪声调制谱数学表达式.理论分析和仿真验证了桨叶之间的差异性是调制谱轴频线谱存在的主要原因,而影响调制谱叶频...     

水下高速航行体对转螺旋桨线谱噪声预报研究

对转螺旋桨的线谱噪声构成了水下高速航行体整个辐射噪声的重要部分．对转螺旋桨的线谱噪声是由前后桨与航行体尾流场相互作用及前后装相互干扰所引起的．线谱噪声预报方法是利用升力面理论和声学方法相结合实现的．详述了线谱噪声的理论计算方法、线谱噪声的特征和数值预报，同时也预报了尾流场的变化、前后桨间距变化对噪声级的影响等．预报值与实验结果吻合很好．整个方法对航行体的性能预报、噪声源识别和桨的低噪声设计均具有重要价值．     

船舶螺旋桨空化噪声辐射的逆问题

本文以螺旋桨片状空泡噪声辐射理论为基础，提出一种由螺旋桨空泡噪声辐射反演船后不均匀伴流场的方法，获得了所定义的伴流场参数的马尔可夫估计。文中探讨了此逆问题解的存在性与唯一性。     

水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声机理与预报方法*

水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声的预报对于水下目标的特征提取和分类识别具有重要意义。由桨叶的旋转引起的湍流场是水下对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声的源场。分述了水下对转螺旋桨湍流边界层脉动、旋转干涉效应和空化效应引发的水动力噪声机制和研究进展,比较了目前工程应用中的3种对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声预报方法的特点。在分析对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声数值预报难点的基础上,综述了对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声计算方法的研究进展,指出间接数值模拟方法是工程中进行对转螺旋桨流致辐射噪声预报的有效方法。     

一种重构辐射噪声调制谱的方法

在进行辐射噪声信号的仿真研究中,希望利用经滤波、特征提取等处理所得到的反映目标特性的线谱、连续谱、调制谱来重构辐射噪声,以便于研究辐射噪声在声场中的传播特性。本文提出了利用迭代算法估算调制深度谱的算法,给出了时域辐射噪声的重构模型,以实测数据的调制谱为出发点,来重构其时域信号,并对重构前后的调制谱进行了误差分析,取得了较好的效果。     

舰船螺旋桨轴频估计中线谱要素提取算法

舰船辐射噪声DEMON谱(调制解调谱)线谱要素提取是舰船螺旋桨轴频估计中的关键步骤。现有的线谱提取技术主要用于功率谱线谱检测,侧重于线谱频率的确定,不能满足舰船螺旋桨轴频估计需求。本文根据DEMON谱线谱的特点及人工提取线谱的过程,设计了一种新的线谱要素提取算法,改进了谱峰筛选技术,将多时刻的DEMON线谱基于最大似然估计和谱峰序列相似度加以融合决策,最终确定了线谱频率和幅值(峰值)及边界。通过实际数据验证,此线谱要素提取算法更适用于螺旋桨轴频估计,可提高轴频估计的准确率。     

提取螺旋桨识别特征的二种途径

本文给出海上实验数据表明舰船噪声在几十赫以下频段有着很强的低频线谱,这些线谱与螺旋桨转速等工作特征紧密联系在一起.所以螺旋桨识别特征的提取除了从解调制谱线谱来得到外,还可直接从低频线谱来得到,本文讨论了在噪声中低频线谱和解调制谱线谱的检测性能,在噪声掩盖下,低频线谱的信号高度与信噪比成正比,而解调制谱线谱的信号高度随信噪比下降是非线性的,当信噪比大时下降得很慢,当信噪比小时下降得很快.     

单叶片桨噪声相移叠加法预报多叶片船舶螺旋桨非空化低频噪声

单个桨叶噪声预报螺旋桨非空化噪声可显著降低计算耗时,本文联合URANS和声类比方程对该方法进行验证,并对螺旋桨噪声的时域特征进行分析。首先计算均匀流中E779A螺旋桨的声辐射,揭示了桨叶上声压分布及测点声压信号的典型周期特征,采用单个叶片噪声相移叠加(简称"单叶片方法")预报螺旋桨噪声的结果,与对螺旋桨所有叶片积分的计算结果吻合良好,验证了均匀流中单叶片方法的可行性。将该方法应用于潜艇伴流场中无侧斜和大侧斜螺旋桨噪声辐射计算,预报结果与所有叶片积分的结果吻合较好,验证了非均匀流场中单叶片方法的可行性,说明单叶片相移叠加法预报螺旋桨普遍进流条件下的辐射噪声是可行的。研究结论也可为对转桨、泵喷等噪声预报提供参考。     

船尾伴流场-导管-螺旋桨互作用噪声预报研究

研究了导管螺旋桨低频离散谱噪声辐射机理和预报方法.依据线性声学原理,导管螺旋桨噪声场为螺旋桨直接辐射噪声与导管散射噪声之和,并利用速度势面元法分析流场,得到导管螺旋桨非定常力,将其作为FW-H方程的源项,求解得到螺旋桨直接辐射声.导管散射声通过Kirchoff积分方程求解获得.由于导管桨的导管是短导管,其算例分析计算表明,低频情况下导管散射声级远小于螺旋桨直接辐射声级.并将导管螺旋桨离散谱噪声级与测量所得的实桨离散谱噪声级进行了比较,证实导管螺旋桨离散谱噪声理论预报结果能够较合理的反映实桨离散谱噪声的量值.     

Fish reaction to tonal vessel noise – Comparison with ICES CRR 209 methodology

There is concern that research vessels used in fish stock appraisals may have biased data due to fish avoidance reaction. One possible mechanism inducing this avoidance reaction is tonal noise. This paper assesses fish reaction to vessel noise on the basis of a detailed paper on the tonal auditory characteristics of cod [8]. Specifically, narrow band underwater radiated noise from certain research vessels, but mainly “R.V. Scotia”, is used to establish a cod reaction range. This is then compared to the calculated reaction range using a 1/3rd octave band assessment as set forward in International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Cooperative Research Report No. CRR 209. These comparisons were also carried out for another low-noise research vessel, namely “CEFAS Endeavour”.It is tentatively concluded from this paper that, based upon the “30 dB above hearing threshold” criterion, vessel tonality is not a strong mechanism for fish reaction to the low-noise ICES compliant vessels. However, it should be appreciated that this generalisation is based upon one (sensitive) specific species of fish and two specific research vessels. It is considered that further analysis should be carried out on other commercially important, but noise-sensitive fish, such as herring. Also, narrow band underwater noise should be investigated for other fisheries research vessels – ideally including those where strong fish reactions have been observed viz. G.O. Sars and Oscar Dyson. It should also be noted that, in this paper, each tone has been considered separately from all others; whereas, in reality, vessel noise is rich in tones and harmonics. This paper has attempted to separate out the tonal audibility aspect from the general issue of vessel broadband radiated noise by solely looking at the tonal level above the spectrum level to gain some insight into the importance of this issue.Comments are also made on various issues including masking noise, very low frequency tonal noise and the associated issue of particle acceleration sensitivity for cod.     

海面干涉对船舶水下辐射噪声测量的影响及其消减方法

针对海面干涉对船舶辐射噪声测量的影响,进而导致声源级测量不准确的问题,文章给出了利用时间平均、深度平均、1/3倍频程谱级3种数据处理方法减弱海面干涉的影响,通过模型仿真验证了以上方法的有效性。根据船舶水下辐射噪声测量的国际标准,在浅海测量了某新型科考船不同航速下的水下辐射噪声,并采用前述方法进行了数据处理与分析。计算了不同航速下被测船舶辐射噪声1/3倍频程频带声压级,并与挪威船级社发布的辐射噪声衡准值进行了对比。结果表明被测船舶噪声低频控制较好,高频控制较差,高航速(13 kn)被测船舶的2 kHz以上辐射噪声大于衡准值。      

舰船噪声听觉节奏特征

舰船噪声调制包络能反映舰船噪声听觉节奏特征,但在对其进行谱分析和特征提取过程中会损失部分信息。直接将舰船噪声包络可视化,并采用简单的人机交互提取特征量,对噪声分析和识别是有利的。包络分析采用多子带融合方法,将"最优"调制包络看作一种随机过程,并将舰船噪声的多子带检波信号看作是对"最优"调制包络的一次观测,对其作循环相关,用有限次观测的集种平均作为"最优"包络的估计,从而得到多子带融合包络,舰船噪声实测数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

Optimization of a device for detecting and measuring parameters of amplitude modulation of underwater noise emission of seagoing vessels

We describe the results of optimizing a device that detects and measures the modulation parameters of the broadband noise of seagoing vessels caused by rotation of the propeller screw under cavitation conditions and pitching or rolling. Software implementation of this device is presented.     

Vibro-acoustic propagation of gear dynamics in a gear-bearing-housing system

This work developed a computational process to predict noise radiation from gearboxes. It developed a system-level vibro-acoustic model of an actual gearbox, including gears, bearings, shafts, and housing structure, and compared the results to experiments. The meshing action of gear teeth causes vibrations to propagate through shafts and bearings to the housing radiating noise. The vibration excitation from the gear mesh and the system response were predicted using finite element and lumped-parameter models. From these results, the radiated noise was calculated using a boundary element model of the housing. Experimental vibration and noise measurements from the gearbox confirmed the computational predictions. The developed tool was used to investigate the influence of standard rolling element and modified journal bearings on gearbox radiated noise.     

船舶水下辐射噪声信号理论模型及仿真

分析典型船舶水下辐射噪声实验数据,获取船舶水下辐射噪声功率谱特征,阐明了准周期随机声脉冲序列信号模型作为船舶水下辐射噪声模型的合理性和普适性,在此基础上,引入爆炸衰减型余弦脉冲信号作为该模型的基本组成单元,给予理论分析,据以数值构建船舶辐射噪声,并与海上试验获取的商船辐射噪声数据进行对比,结果明显一致,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

Acoustic ship signature measurements by cross-correlation method

Cross-correlation methods were applied for the estimation of the power spectral density and modulation spectrum of underwater noise generated by moving vessels. The cross-correlation of the signal from two hydrophones allows the separation of vessel acoustic signatures in a busy estuary. Experimental data recorded in the Hudson River are used for demonstration that cross-correlation method measured the same ship noise and ship noise modulation spectra as conventional methods. The cross-correlation method was then applied for the separation of the acoustic signatures of two ships present simultaneously. Presented methods can be useful for ship traffic monitoring and small ship classification, even in noisy harbor environments.     

A tuned damping device for reducing noise from railway track

A promising means to reduce the component of railway rolling noise radiated by the track is to increase the damping of the rail. This increases the attenuation with distance of vibrations transmitted along the rail and thereby reduces the noise radiated. To achieve this, a tuned, damped mass-spring absorber system has been designed. To cover a wide range of frequencies, multiple tuning frequencies are used along with a material with a high damping loss factor. Suitable materials have been found from extensive tests on samples and prototypes of the damper have been built and tested, both in the laboratory and in the field. Results are very promising with reductions of the track component of noise of around 6 dB being measured.