光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射检测研究

验证了一种基于光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射传感器,可用于固体表面传播的超声波的检测.这种传感器的特点是能够精确地检测由固体表面传播的超声波产生的微弱振动.当超声波信号通过光纤传感器到达探测器时,干涉仪的输出光强度受到了超声信号的调制.通过检测干涉仪的输出光强度并利用Fourier变换,测得了超声信号的振幅和频率.对传感系统的相位调制特性进行了仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析.     

光纤声传感器的实验研究

采用Y型光纤传感探头结构设计了反射式光纤声传感器.该传感器利用反射式强度调制方式实现声音对光的外调制,在完成声光转换的同时可对音频信号进行滤波处理.根据薄膜振动理论分析了弹性膜片的固有频率和基频.对光纤声传感器系统的测试结果表明,输入电流超过40 mA后,发光管的发光功率与输入电流呈良好的线性关系.     

基于光纤耦合器的声发射传感器

为检测变压器内局部放电产生的声发射信号,介绍了一种基于特殊光纤熔融拉锥耦合器型声发射传感器。它是利用声波引起的扰动改变耦合器两臂光功率输出的特点来检测声发射信号。实验结果表明：此种传感器在10kHz～250kHz范围内对声发射信号有良好响应,在155kHz灵敏度为5.6×10^-6V/Pa,噪声为1.8Pa声压,有望在复合材料与结构、电力无损检测方面得到应用。     

干涉型光纤传感器相位载波调制—解调技术的研究与实现

对干涉型光纤传感器的相位载波（ＰＧＣ）调制－解调技术进行了研究，分析得出了新的相位载波检测带宽要求，并在实验室中用相位载波检测方法检测到了较为稳定的模拟传感信号，证实了本文的理论分析。     

Michelson干涉仪式光纤空气声传感器

介绍了一种用于直升机等低空目标探测的光纤空气声传感器.该传感器基于光纤Michelson干涉仪的原理,结合弹性盘片的应力应变理论分析和光纤粘接的工艺设计,采用相位载波解调技术进行信号解调.对比实验测试验证了这种声音探测技术可行性.传感器理论灵敏度为2.38 rad/Pa,实测灵敏度为1.5 rad/Pa,采用PGC相位解调理论最小可探测的最小声信号为6.7 μPa,即9.5 dB.传感器在20～300 Hz范围内响应基本平坦.结合声音传播规律分析并肯定其在实用中的可行性.     

用埋入式光纤传感器探测建筑结构中的声发射

声发射技术已经应用于金属和混凝土结构中,作为探测内部裂缝的一种无损检测方法。目前用的技术都是由压电换能器来采集声发射信号。讨论了基于用光纤技术的声发射传感器的开发和测量方法。它是用埋入式光纤传感器来监测类似桥梁、高速公路、隧道和房屋建筑等混凝土结构中的开裂信号。     

一种光纤F-P声发射传感器的设计与实现

为克服压电陶瓷传感器易受电磁干扰、不能实现长期实时检测的缺点,提出了光纤非本征F-P结构测量声发射信号的思想.对光纤非本征F-P腔声发射测量原理进行分析,提出了双波长的稳定方法,并进行了结构参量的优化设计,确定了合适的反射比、波长及F-P腔长.理论分析和实验结果表明：所设计的非本征F-P光纤声发射传感器具有良好的敏感性和高分辨率.     

干涉型光纤声传感器的研究

本文对光纤声传感器的压力灵敏度作了理论分析,且分析讨论了非均匀压力下的灵敏度,实现了直流相位跟踪零差检测(PTDC)系统,并测定了声压与输出电信号的关系,采用5m长光纤得到声压检测阈值为200μPa.     

Michelson干涉仪式光纤空气声传感器

介绍了一种用于直升机等低空目标探测的光纤空气声传感器.该传感器基于光纤Michelson干涉仪的原理,结合弹性盘片的应力应变理论分析和光纤粘接的工艺设计,采用相位载波解调技术进行信号解调.对比实验测试验证了这种声音探测技术可行性.传感器理论灵敏度为2.38 rad/Pa,实测灵敏度为1.5 rad/Pa,采用PGC相位解调理论最小可探测的最小声信号为6.7 μPa,即9.5 dB.传感器在20～300 Hz范围内响应基本平坦.结合声音传播规律分析并肯定其在实用中的可行性.     

光纤声传感器

光纤传感器作为一种新兴的传感技术,在许多领域中都已显示出强大的生命力.近些年来,国外许多公司、军事部门和大学都积极投身于这方面的研究,使这种新型的传感器得到了迅速发展。     

Twist sensor based on Sagnac single-mode optic fiber interferometer

An optical fiber twist sensor based on Sagnac single-mode optic fiber interferometer is proposed. The stress-induced birefringence of single-mode optical fiber is obtained by applying a transverse force against a short length of singlemode fiber. A high sensitivity and resolution of the twist angle measurement of 0.19 nm/° and 0.002° is achieved experimentally, respectively. The proposed sensor is more convenient and simple than that of standard polarization-maintaining fibers.     

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的单模光纤声波传感器的研究

光纤传感器是20世纪70年代中期发展起来的一种新型传感器.它与普通的传感器相比,具有灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、防燃等优点,因此在温度、应力、磁场等传感领域都有着广泛的应用.本文研究的光纤声波传感器,其基础为Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)全光纤干涉仪,我们主要的工作集中在传感臂探头的制作.所研制的基于M-Z干涉仪...     

A Sagnac-Michelson fibre optic interferometer: Signal processing for disturbance localization

We present numerical and experimental results on a new generation fibre optic perimeter sensor based on a Sagnac and Michelson interferometers configuration. In particular, an original signal processing scheme is presented. The sensor can detect a potential intruder and determine its position along a protected zone. We propose a localization method that offers the inherent properties of both interferometers. After demodulation of the signals from both interferometers, the obtained amplitude characteristic of the Sagnac interferometer depends on a position of a disturbance along the interferometer, while amplitude characteristic of the Michelson interferometer does not depend on this position. So, quotient of both demodulated characteristics makes it possible to localize the disturbance. During investigations of a laboratory model of the sensor, it was possible to detect the position of the disturbance with a resolution of about 40 m along the 6-km-long sensor.     

同时测量扭转角度和扭转方向的侧漏光子晶体光纤扭转传感器

基于所研制的侧漏型光子晶体光纤,提出并构建了出一种同时检测扭转角度 和扭转方向的高灵敏度Sagnac干涉仪型光纤扭转传感器.顺时针扭转时, 传感器传输谱向短波长方向偏移;逆时针扭转,向长波长方向偏移. 对传感器扭转特性的实验研究结果表明,构成Sagnac干涉仪的侧漏型光子晶体光纤的长度, 对扭转敏感系数和扭转角度测量范围起着决定性作用.当光纤长度较短时, 扭转传感器具有较大的扭转灵敏度,但扭转角度测量范围较小;光纤长度增加时,扭转灵敏度减小, 扭转角度测量范围增大.当构成Sagnac干涉仪的侧漏型光子晶体光纤长度为14.85 cm时, 传感器的扭转敏感系数可达到0.9354 nm/(°),扭转角度测量范围为-90°—90°; 光纤长度为32 cm时,最大扭转敏感系数降为0.2132 nm/(°), 扭转角度测量范围扩展至-180°—180°. 采用二维测量矩阵法可以有效排除温度对扭转角度的测量的影响. 关键词： 光纤传感器 侧漏型光子晶体光纤 扭转传感器 Sagnac干涉仪     

光纤Sagnac温度传感器

介绍了一种新型的基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的高精度光纤温度传感器———光纤Sagnac温度传感器。讨论了此传感器的测温原理,推导了被测温度与传感器输出之间的关系,设计并调测了一个具体传感器系统。实验结果表明,此温度传感器具有很高的精度和大的测量范围。     

Shaft angular misalignment detection using acoustic emission

Shaft angular misalignment (SAM) is a common and crucial problem in rotating machinery. Misalignment can produce several shortcomings such as premature bearing failure, increase in energy consumption, excessive seal lubricant leakage and coupling failure. Vibration analysis has been traditionally used to detect SAM; however, it presents some drawbacks i.e. high influence of machine operational conditions and strong impact of the coupling type and stiffness on vibration spectra. This paper presents an extensive experimental investigation in order to evaluate the possibility of detecting SAM, using acoustic emission (AE) technique. The test rig was operated at under different operational conditions of load and speed in order to evaluate the impact on the AE and vibration signature under normal operating conditions. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first attempt to use AE for the detection of SAM under varying operational conditions. A comparative study of vibration and AE was carried out to demonstrate the potentially better performance of AE. The experimental results show that AE technique can be used as a reliable technique for SAM detection, providing enhancements over vibration analysis.     

基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位.阐述了该传感技术的工作原理和泄漏点定位方法,并推导了泄漏引起的光信号相位变化表达式。管道泄漏实验结果表明,水压为0.3MPa时,该技术能有效地检测到管道泄漏的发生并准确定位。     

Fiber optic sensor based on a sagnac interferometer including a recirculating-ring delay line with an edfa

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of a Sagnac interferometer incorporating a fiber optic recirculating-ring delay line with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to increase the effective length of the Sagnac loop and thereby improve the low-frequency response. Theoretical calculations show that the low-frequency response of the interferometer is enhanced as expected. However, the noise penalty of using a fiber amplifier in the ring is quite high, especially at low frequencies. The signal-to-noise ratio at low frequencies, using a superfluorescent erbium fiber source, is demonstrated as increasing by a factor of 2 compared to a single-loop Sagnac interferometer with the same total length of fiber, but without fiber amplifier.     

光纤压力传感器的性能研究

利用自制的全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,对压力引起的光功率的变化进行了测量和分析,给出了该系统相干检测最佳工作范围是5~13N,灵敏度为-0.130 0μW/N.在不同温度变化范围内,随着压力的增加,光功率分别以0.223 4μW/N到0.482 3μW/N的变化率减小.