陶瓷复合靶板的抗侵彻模型

为了研究陶瓷复合靶的抗侵彻性能,在陶瓷的空腔膨胀理论中,提出了一个表征陶瓷损伤的损伤因子。基于考虑损伤的陶瓷空腔膨胀理论和金属空腔膨胀理论,并忽略靶板侧向边界的影响,根据陶瓷材料和金属材料的特点,按照弹-靶交界面处材料的不同应力状态,分4种情况进行了讨论。分别求得了4种分区下的陶瓷靶板的抗侵彻阻力,分析了影响陶瓷靶板抗侵彻阻力的材料性质。结果表明:(1)在陶瓷靶板的材料参数中,陶瓷失效后的压剪系数对靶板阻力的影响较大,而抗拉强度和抗压强度对靶板阻力的影响较小;(2)当陶瓷靶板近似为一个无限大的靶板时,其裂纹区的相对尺寸及空腔膨胀压力是一个常数。     

混凝土靶球形腔膨胀侵彻模型应用

Bishop等人于1945年开始用解析方法研究侵彻机理，导出了柱形腔和球形腔的准静态v膨胀方程，后来这种方法被称为空腔膨胀理论。目前，空腔膨胀理论已经在多种不同材料靶的侵彻研究中获得较为普遍的应用。Forrestal等人于1997年提出了一个适用于混凝土材料靶的球对称空腔膨胀侵彻模型，模型对靶结构的描述是将其压力与体积应变的关系理想化为不可压或线性可压，而将剪切强度与压力的关系理想化为由一拉伸阈值表示的Mohr-Coulomb准则。     

长径比对侵彻阻力的影响

基于经典空腔膨胀理论、Forrestal阻力修正模型和加速度阻力模型研究了战斗部侵彻强度靶过程中长径比对于侵彻阻力的影响,通过对不同长径比条件下战斗部侵彻余速的计算,分析了长径比对阻力项系数的影响,讨论了3种理论的适用范围。结果表明:当战斗部长径比小于3时,加速度阻力项系数变化对侵彻过程影响较大;当长径比大于5时,3个模型的计算结果趋于一致,均适用于工程计算。     

锥头弹丸撞击下固支金属厚靶的侵彻与穿透的理论研究(英文)

研究了在不同速度的刚性锥头弹丸撞击下固支金属厚靶的侵彻和穿透性能。假定靶板的变形是局部化的,且冲击能量仅通过侵彻过程吸收,同时假定弹体在侵彻过程中表面所受靶体的平均压力是由基于空穴膨胀理论的靶体材料弹塑性变形所引起的静态阻力以及速度效应引起的动阻力两部分组成,认为侵彻过程中靶体对弹体的静阻力要进行自由表面效应修正,而且动阻力是瞬时侵彻速度的函数。获得了锥头弹丸在侵彻和贯穿过程中的弹道极限速度和残余速度的公式。将理论预测与实验结果进行比较,发现两者符合得很好。     

锥头弹丸撞击下FRP层合板的侵彻与穿透的理论研究

 研究了锥头弹丸撞击下FRP层合板的侵彻和穿透性能，在局部化破坏模式假定的基础上改进了Wen提出的能量简化分析模型。改进模型仍假设弹体在侵彻过程中表面所受靶体的平均压力由靶体材料弹塑性变形所引起的静态阻力和速度效应引起的动阻力两部分组成，认为侵彻过程中靶体对弹体的阻力不再是一个常数，而是侵彻速度的函数。并由此推导出了锥头弹丸在侵彻和贯穿过程中的侵彻深度、残余速度和弹道极限速度的公式。理论预测与实验结果符合得很好。     

高速碰撞过程中应变硬化材料靶动态响应研究

 给出了适用于可压缩、弹塑性、按幂次律应变硬化材料的动态柱形腔膨胀模型和侵彻模型，并编制了相应的计算程序。腔膨胀模型给出靶中应力分布情况，侵彻模型根据腔膨胀模型的有关结果来预估具有锥形头部的刚性弹丸侵彻半无限厚靶的最终侵彻深度以及贯穿薄靶时的弹丸剩余速度和弹道极限速度。给出了钨合金弹丸正碰5083-H131铝靶和钢弹丸正碰6061-T651铝靶的一些计算结果，计算结果与实验结果及二维拉氏弹塑性LTZ-2D程序的数值模拟结果符合得很好。     

厚金属靶在弹丸打击下的侵彻与穿透

 给出了预测厚金属靶在不同形状弹头弹丸大速度范围内打击下侵彻与穿透的简单分析方程。在方程的建立过程中，假定变形是局部化的、冲击能量仅由侵彻过程吸收，并进一步假定靶材料对弹丸的平均阻（压）力由两部分组成：一部分基于空穴膨胀理论由于靶材料弹-塑性变形所产生的准静态凝聚阻力；另一部分是考虑了速度效应后的动压力。推导出了预测靶侵彻深度和弹道极限的方程表达式，并与金属靶在不同形状弹头弹丸大速度范围内打击下侵彻与穿透的实验进行了比较。理论预测与实验结果吻合得很好。     

钨合金杆侵彻半无限厚铝合金靶的数值研究

 使用LS-DYNA程序对钨合金杆侵彻半无限厚铝合金靶问题进行了数值模拟研究，参考文献中的实验数据，分别建立了在低着速与高着速情况下所适用的计算模型，标定了材料参数，计算了撞击速度从200 m/s到2 500 m/s范围内的侵彻情况，计算结果与实验数据符合较好。同时研究了影响长杆侵彻效能的主要因素，结果表明，在高着速的情况下，杆的头部形状对侵彻深度的影响很小，以杆长无量纲化的侵彻深度（P/L₀）随长径比（L₀/d）的增大而降低。     

动态柱形空穴膨胀模型及其在侵彻问题中的应用

 在侵彻问题中的应用进行了研究。通过采用相似变换求解塑性区控制方程，获得了动态柱形空穴膨胀中的弹塑性界面速度、径向应力分布、空穴表面应力的解。基于柱形空穴模型，推导了侵彻方程，并将其得到的预测结果与侵彻实验数据进行了比较。结果表明，模型的理论解与现有数据吻合得很好。 结果还显示了材料的可压缩性和塑性强化模量对柱形空穴膨胀以及侵彻阻力的影响。     

考虑自由表面效应的弹体斜侵彻混凝土弹道的研究北大核心CSCD

研究了弹体斜侵彻混凝土的弹道问题。基于弹靶分离方法,利用考虑自由表面效应的衰减函数构造得到半经验阻力函数,并将靶体对弹体的作用以该阻力函数代替。通过对弹体斜侵彻过程的数值仿真和试验,得出不同工况下,弹体偏转角、加速度随时间的变化情况以及侵彻深度与弹体速度和靶体倾斜角的关系。结果表明,数值仿真结果与试验结果吻合较好,说明考虑自由表面效应的靶体响应力函数方法具有较高的可靠性。     

Two Kinds of Cavity Geometry for Enhanced Laser Cooling of Solids

We present a comparison between intracavity cooling and external cavity cooling for optical refrigeration. The results show that the intracavity scheme is preferred at low optical densities （〈 0.008）, while the external cavity scheme is preferred at higher optical densities （〉 0.01）. We can choose the proper scheme for different eases in experiments. Moreover, under the same conditions, taking Yb^3＋-doped ZBLAN （ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlFa-NaF） film as an example, the cooling processes of the two scheme are obtained. The calculated results show that intracavity cooling will achieve a larger temperature drop for a thin film sample. Finally, the diode laser may become a candidate for the intraeavity model briefly discussed.     

Theoretical Study of Compressibility and Thermoelasticity of LaNi5-xAlx （x= 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0）

The compressibility, the temperature dependence of bulk modulus, the pressure dependence of normalized volume V/V0, thermal expansion coefficient and Debye temperature of LaNi5-xAlx compounds are successfully obtained using the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential （PW-PP） method, the EOSFIT6.0 software and the quasiharmonic Debye model. The rapid decrease of relative lattice constant a/a0 shows that the deformation is easier in directions normal to the c-axis than that along it. The relationships between bulk modulus B and pressure at different temperatures are also analysed. It is found that the bulk modulus B increases monotonically with increasing pressure. Moreover, the pressure dependences of thermal expansion and Debye temperature are also successfully obtained. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data.     

A Modified Free Volume Model for Characterizing of Rate Effect in Bulk Metallic Glasses

We investigate the plastic deformation and constitutive behaviour of bulk metallic glasses （BMGs）. A dimensionless Deborah number DeiD = tr/ti is proposed to characterize the rate effect in BMGs, where tr is the structural relaxing characteristic time of BMGs under shear load, ti is the macroscopic imposed characteristic time of applied stress or the characteristic time of macroscopic deformation. The results demonstrate that the modified free volume model can characterize the strain rate effect in BMGs effectively.     

Training Effect and Hysteretic Behaviour of Angular Dependence of Exchange Bias in Co/IrMn Bilayers

The training effect and the hysteresis behaviour of the angular dependence of exchange bias are extensively investigated upon the variation of the IrMn layer thickness tXrMn in a series of Co/IrMn bilayers. When tIrMn is very small, both of them are negligible. Then they increase very sharply with increasing tUMn and then reach maxima at almost the same value OftXrMn. Finally they both decrease when tIrMn is further increased. The similar variation trends suggest that these phenomena arise from irreversible change of antiferromagnet spin orientations, according to the thermal activation model.     

红宝石能谱的理论研究

 本文用限制Hartree-Fock自洽场方法对红宝石进行了计算，得到了单电子分子轨道，在此基础上利用不可约张量方法求解红宝石价电子体系多体Schrodinger方程，得到了与实验相符的红宝石d－d跃迁能谱，标准误差为九百波数。进一步计算了在不同压力下红宝石d－d跃迁能谱。结果表明，能谱中R₁线（⁴A₁→²E）随压力增大产生红移，与实验定性一致。     

钨合金的超声测量及力学参量估算

 利用两面顶压机和六面顶压机作为压力装置，分别对93钨合金材料进行了高压超声测量。测得了93钨合金材料在常态下的横、纵波声速及在0~3 GPa压力范围内的纵波声速随压力的变化关系。测量结果为：在常温常压下，93钨合金的纵波声速为c_L＝5.135 km/s，横波声速为c_t＝2.987 km/s。纵波声速随压力变化的关系式为：c_L＝5.053+0.602p（GPa）。估算的93钨合金相关力学参量为：G＝157.4 GPa，E＝393.0 GPa，K＝260.2 GPa，λ＝155.3 GPa，μ＝157.4 GPa，ν＝0.248。经过对两种超声测量方法测量结果的比较及冲击波测量数据的验证，这些参数是可靠的。     

KNN Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics with Improved Thermal Stability

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics （1 - x） （Na0.53K0.404 Li0.066）Nb0.92 Sb0.08 03 ＋xZrTiO3 are fabricated by conventional solid-state sintering method, and their dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics are investigated. With the addition of SrTiO3, the growth of the grain size is restrained, meanwhile the phase transition temperature of orthorhombic-tetragonal is shifted below room temperature. It is found that the ceramics with x = 0.010 exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties （d33 = 220 pC/N, kp = 41%, kt = 39%） and improved thermal stability around room temperature. The results indicate that these materials are promising lead-free piezoceramics for practical operations.     

First-Principles Calculations of Elastic and Thermal Properties of Lanthanum Hexaboride

The plane-wave pseudopotentiai method using the generaiized gradient approximation within the framework of density functional theory is applied to anaylse the bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity of LaB6. The quasi-harmonic Debye model, using a set of total energy versus volume obtained with the plane-wave pseudopotential method, is applied to the study of the thermal properties and vibrationai effects. We analyse the bulk modulus of LaB6 up to 1500 K. The elastic properties calculations show that our system is mechanically stable. For the heat capacity and the thermal expansion, significant differences in properties are observed above 300K. The calculated zero pressure bulk modulus is in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the Debye temperatures are determined from the non-equilibrium Gibbs functions and compared to available data.     

Scalar Statistics along Inertial Particle Trajectory in Isotropic Turbulence

The statistics of a passive scalar along inertial particle trajectory in homogeneous isotropic turbulence with a mean scalar gradient is investigated by using direct numerical simulation. We are interested in the influence of particle inertia on such statistics, which is crucial for further understanding and development of models in non-isothermal gas-particle flows. The results show that the scalar variance along particle trajectory decreases with the increasing particle inertia firstly; when the particle＇s Stokes number St is less than 1.0, it reaches the minimal value when St is around 1.0, then it increases if St increases further. However, the scalar dissipation rate along the particle trajectory shows completely contrasting behavior in comparison with the scalar variance. The mechanical-to-thermal time scale ratios averaged along particle, （r）p, are approximately two times smaller than that computed in the Eulerian frame r, and stay at nearly 1.77 with a weak dependence on particle inertia. In addition, the correlations between scalar dissipation and flow structure characteristics along particle trajectories, such as strain and vorticity, are also computed, and they reach their maximum and minimum, 0.31 and 0.25, respectively, when St is around 1.0.     

Collisional excitation of neon-like Ni XIX using the Breit-PauliR-matrix method

Collision strength for the transition within the first five fine-structure levels in Ni XIX are calculated using the Breit-PauliR-matrix method. Configuration interaction wave functions are used to represent the target states included in theR-matrix expansion. The relativistic effects are incorporated in the Breit-Pauli approximation by including the one-body mass correction, Darwin and spin-orbit interaction terms in scattering equations.