太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷循环的改进

由于单效溴化锂吸收制冷循环受太阳能热源温度较低的限制,需要采用适当的辅助手段.本文对增压辅助型太阳能溴冷机循环流程提出了在冷凝器前加装隔离阀的改进方案,该方案可降低发生压力,以充分利用低温热源,并可有效回收压缩功.通过计算分析了改进循环的热力系数COP与热源温度和循环溶液质量分数差的关系.给出了在不同的热源温度下对应的最佳发生压力的调整范围.     

逆布雷顿空气制冷机透平膨胀特性研究

为了深入研究逆布雷顿空气制冷机的降温特性与制冷性能,论文首先采用CFX数值模拟方法,对透平膨胀机冷端通流部分的流动与热力学过程进行了数值模拟,进一步对整机的热力性能进行了分析;在此基础上探讨了制动功率对膨胀机降温特性影响;并改进了逆布雷顿空气制冷机综合实验台,采用风机回路闭式循环,进行了定制动压力和定特性比两种典型制动策略下制冷机降温性能的实验研究。结果表明:通过调节风机闭式循环制动压力来匹配膨胀机工况的变化方案可行,理论预测与实验结果吻合较好;透平膨胀机的绝热效率62%,在120 min内制冷机最低无负荷出口温度达到了-170℃;采用透平膨胀机的逆布雷顿空气制冷机具有优异的制冷性能。     

三效吸收制冷循环的性能分析和优化

本文建立了使用溴化锂溶液作为工质的三种流程的三级三效吸收制冷循环模型,进行了性能比较计算,结果表明并联流程循环的性能系数ＣＯＰ最高;同时本文进一步对并联流程和串联流程的三效吸收制冷循环分别进行了关于溶液分配率和总体热交换面积分配率的优化计算,得到了不同设计工况时面积分配率与ＣＯＰ的关系,为三效吸收循环的最优设计提供了理论依据。     

一种新型自复叠制冷循环特性研究

提出一种新型自复叠制冷循环,通过设置喷射器,利用高压高沸点液态制冷剂引射低压低沸点气态制冷剂,充分回收高沸点组分的节流损失,提高压缩机吸气口处低沸点组分的吸气压力并获取更低制冷温度。建立了组成系统部件热力学数学模型,分析了冷凝温度、混合工质配比和压缩比等参数对传统自复叠制冷循环和新型自复叠制冷循环的工作特性影响。研究表明,新型自复叠制冷循环制冷效率与传统自复叠制冷循环相当,但前者所获得制冷温度比后者所获得制冷温度可降低约10～20℃     

基于对比态温度的制冷循环热力解析及性能分析

制冷剂、工况及循环过程决定了蒸气压缩制冷循环的热力性能,为表征循环内部变量间的耦合关系,本文基于蒸气压缩制冷循环的热力学解析方法,建立了对比态温度下制冷剂关键物性及工况与循环性能的关系式:COP=f(C′_p,w,T_(cri),T_(eva),T_(con))。并结合传统数值模拟方法(调用NIST数据库中典型制冷剂的关键物性参数,计算制冷循环的理论性能系数),发现:1)制冷循环COP的主要影响因素除温度参数外,比定压热容和偏心因子是两个关键物性;2)过冷度比过热度对循环COP的影响更为强烈,且影响规律近似为线性关系;3)在相同对比态蒸发温度和对比态冷凝温度下,不同制冷剂的循环COP近似相等。本文热力解析模型及其结论对于制冷循环中制冷剂设计以及提高实际制冷循环性能系数具有一定的参考价值。     

一种基于内燃机余热回收的冷电联供系统

本文建立一种基于内燃机余热利用的冷电联供系统,构建了热力学数学模型,研究了关键热力参数对联供系统热力性能的影响。结果表明:布雷顿循环透平膨胀压比的降低、压气机进口温度的降低及透平进口温度的增加,均有利于系统热力性能的提升;有机朗肯循环透平进口压力的增加能使得系统的电能输出及总效率增加;喷射式制冷循环喷射器进口工作蒸气压力增加能提高制冷量及制冷效率。为了获得联供系统的最佳设计参数和性能,采用遗传算法,对系统进行单目标优化,得出此联供系统最大效率能达到54.22%,此时电能输出为31.58 kW,制冷量输出为3.15 kW,系统能较好地回收内燃机余热。     

应用于低温领域的双温复叠式制冷循环

双温复叠式制冷循环可以用于低温领域中需要提供两个不同制冷温度的场合。首先介绍了双温复叠式制冷循环的原理和组成,然后建立了双温复叠式制冷循环的热力学模型,通过热力计算分析了冷凝温度、低温部分蒸发温度、蒸发冷凝器传热温差、流经高低温蒸发器质量流量比、过热度和过冷度对该循环性能的影响。     

以TFE-[BMIm][Br]为工质对的吸收式制冷循环性能分析

本文选择含离子液体体系TFE-[BMIm][Br]作为吸收式制冷循环的工质体系,基于文献数据给出了计算TFE-[BMIm][Br]热物性模型,建立并联双效吸收式制冷循环的模拟程序,分别考察了四种双效并联制冷流程中溶液换热器的热交换效率、蒸发温度、吸收温度以及发生温度对系统性能、溶液循环倍率以及系统操作压力的影响.探索新工质对TFE-[BMIm][Br]的可行性,确定了TFE-[BMIm][Br]双效并联吸收式制冷循环的适宜的运行操作范围以及适宜的流程方案.     

R717双蒸发温度三级混流制冷系统的理论分析

文中提出了一种采用氨做制冷剂、可用于获得低至-60℃低温的新型制冷系统,为我国低温冷库的建设提供了一条新型环保技术路线.该制冷系统具有两个蒸发温度回路,高温回路的蒸发温度在-35℃～-28℃之间可调,低温回路的蒸发温度在-50℃～-65℃之间可调.两个回路在低压循环桶处汇合.在对该系统进行热力计算的基础上,分析了系统的...     

一种基于正逆循环耦合的低温制冷系统

以能的梯级利用原理为指导原则,基于正逆循环耦合方法,本文提出了一种利用中温显热热源制取较低温度冷量的复合式制冷系统,该系统由动力子循环、吸收式制冷子循环与压缩式制冷子循环有机耦合而成。通过模拟计算,对系统热力性能进行了评估,系统制冷性能系数(COP)达到了0.277,与常规余热双级吸收式制冷系统相比,提高了50%左右。通过(火用)平衡和t-Q图分析,发现热源利用过程不可逆损失大幅降低是系统性能提升的主要原因。本文还研究了热源烟气温度T_H和冷却水温度T_(CW)对系统性能的影响,为指导系统设计提供了依据。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.