松花粉中16种常量和微量元素的TXRF对比分析

采用微波消解前处理,全反射X射线荧光分析法(TXRF)同时测定松花粉中16种元素,并对马尾松、云南松、油松、黑松、赤松等五种松花粉中16种元素含量进行了测定与比较。结果表明:五种松花粉中都含有这16种元素;Ca,Ti,Mn,Zn和Rb等五种元素平均含量在不同树种间均存在极显著性差异(p≤0.01);K,V,Fe,Co,Cu和Sr等六种元素平均含量在不同树种间均存在显著性差异(p≤0.05);Cr,Ni,As,Pb和Se等五种元素平均含量在不同树种间不存在显著性差异(p>0.05);研究还表明松花粉具有温性或偏寒凉性药的元素谱征。研究结果可以初步断定,松花粉中这16种元素的含量和树种有关,和生长环境、地域等密切相关。     

松花粉的红外光谱、扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪分析

建立了利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线能谱对4种松花粉和破壁马尾松花粉中的主要营养成分和常见微量元素进行定性定量分析的方法。红外图谱分析结果表明：马尾松、云南松、油松和赤松均有其自己的红外光谱特征，根据谱图特征吸收峰的相对强度的差异可以对松花粉中主要营养成分进行鉴别分析。破壁和天然马尾松花粉的红外图谱差异较显著，说明松花粉破壁对于营养成分的释放有一定意义。扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析显示：4种松树花粉从远极面和近极面观皆呈椭圆形或近圆形，主体的表面纹饰结构基本相同为颗粒状纹饰，颗粒大小差别较大。破壁与天然马尾松花粉的形态差别主要在于气囊从花粉主体颗粒上分离、破碎，有部分花粉颗粒主体的碎片从主体脱落。X射线能谱分析在松花粉中共发现Mg，Se，Si，Sr，P，S，Cl，K，Ca，Mn，Fe共11种无机元素，其中K元素含量最高。4种松花粉中无机元素含量差别比较明显，破壁马尾松花粉的元素能谱强度显著高于天然马尾松。     

胡麻卵磷脂鉴别检查与紫外吸收光谱定量分析

对精制胡麻卵磷脂进行了化学反应鉴别,反应呈阳性;并进行了酸值、碘值、丙酮不溶物、乙醇可溶物等项目的检查,结果表明各项指标达到国家标准.扫描胡麻卵磷脂样品和磷脂酰胆碱标准品红外光谱,结果表明样品与标准品在官能团区及指纹区吸收峰峰形及峰位置吻合.紫外光谱扫描发现胡麻卵磷脂样品207nm波长处有最大吸收,采用紫外吸收光谱法及校准曲线法,测定了样品中磷脂酰胆碱的含量;结果表明,在0.0102-0.0512mg/mL浓度范围内,磷脂酰胆碱吸光度与浓度呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9904),平均回收率为99.09％(RSD=0.84％),样品中磷脂酰胆碱含量为88.6％ (RSD-0.36％).该方法具有良好的重现性和稳定性,为卵磷脂样品中磷脂酰胆碱含量的快速测定提供了参考依据.     

丁酰胆碱和硫代胆碱与CdTe量子点的络合特征以及光谱性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函理论,研究了丁酰胆碱和硫代胆碱在CdTe量子点上的络合特征.优化了稳定的络合构型,计算了吸附能、电荷密度、前沿分子轨道以及紫外可见吸收光谱.研究发现：丁酰胆碱在CdTe量子点上的吸附能较小、与量子点之间的电子相互作用较弱,属于物理吸附,紫外可见光吸收强度较弱.而硫代胆碱与量子点之间存在化学吸附,存在强的电子相互作用,紫外可见光吸收强度增强.我们的研究结果为实验中使用CdTe量子点检测丁酰胆碱酯酶提供了理论支持.     

乳制品中胆碱及其衍生物的快速核磁共振检测

胆碱及其衍生物是一类具有重要生物功能的小分子代谢物，可部分在人体合成，但是更重要的来源是饮食.胆碱被认为是一种人体必需的营养物质，常存在于牛奶、豆类等日常饮食中，也是一种重要的婴儿食品添加剂.饮食中胆碱的长期缺乏与器官功能障碍等疾病有关，因此胆碱衍生物的快速检测分析对食品检测具有重要意义.核磁共振（NMR）技术无需样品分离就可完成相关物质的检测，是理想的食品中胆碱衍生物检测工具.但由于相关分子结构类似，化学位移接近，利用常规NMR技术检测胆碱及其衍生物较为困难.本文采用¹H-¹⁴N SOFAST-HMQC技术对乳制品中的不同胆碱衍生物进行了快速分析检测，结果发现：与1D ¹H NMR谱检测相比，该技术对胆碱衍生物的检测具有高选择性，可消除这些复杂混合体系中其它背景分子干扰；与¹H-¹⁴N HSQC谱检测技术相比，该技术具有更高的灵敏度，在单位时间内信号增强可达1.5~2.0倍.     

物理因素对磷脂酰胆碱单分子层影响的研究

利用LB技术,在不同的物理条件下对磷脂酰胆碱单分子成膜质量和分子的构象变化进行了研究,在此础上对磷脂酰胆碱和胆固醇组成的复合膜的相变过程进行了研究,利用AFM对磷脂酰胆碱分子LB膜的分子构象和二维排布进行了表征.研究结果表明,物理因素温度、pH、浓度及胆固醇对于气液界面上磷脂酰胆碱的分子构象的结构有较大的影响.通过选择合适的条件能够得到具有特殊形态和结构的磷脂酰胆碱LB膜.     

双波长薄层扫描色谱法测定胡麻卵磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱的含量

以氯仿-甲醇-水(65∶25∶4,V∶V∶V)为展开系统,测定波长λS=235nm,参比波长λR=260nm,反射法双波长锯齿形扫描磷脂酰胆碱峰面积,外标两点法计算含量,建立了双波长薄层扫描色谱法测定胡麻卵磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱含量的分析方法。胡麻卵磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱的含量为62.4%,平均回收率为99.6%,RSD=3.42%。方法经济实用、结果可靠。     

HPLC-ELSD测定不同厂家中/长链脂肪乳注射液中的溶血磷脂酰胆碱

采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定不同厂家中/长链脂肪乳注射液中溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)的含量。采用Lichrospher Diol色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以正己烷-异丙醇-水(29.5:59:11.5,V/V/V)为流动相A,正己烷-异丙醇(43:57,V/V)为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,流速1mL/min,漂移管温度85℃,气体流速2.7L/min。结果溶血磷脂酰胆碱在0.299—2.99mg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.62%,RSD为0.89%。不同厂家产品中溶血磷脂酰胆碱的含量为0.92—1.34mg/mL。方法准确、方便,可以准确测定中/长链脂肪乳注射液中溶血磷脂酰胆碱的含量。     

CCl＿4，CH＿2Cl＿2和CHCl＿3对磷脂酰胆碱紫外电子吸收光谱的影响

测量了ＣＣｌ＿４，ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ＿２和ＣＨＣｌ＿３对生物膜中磷脂酰胆碱作用的紫外电子吸收光谱，实验结果表明，由于ＣＣｌ＿４，ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ＿２和ＣＨＣｌ＿３分子结构的差异，三种溶剂的极性依次递增，磷脂酰胆碱π－π￣＊电子跃迁的吸收峰红移。磷脂酰胆碱在ＣＣｌ＿４中光谱呈单吸收峰，在ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ＿２和ＣＨＣｌ＿３中光谱特征呈双蜂结构，存在聚集体的激子态跃迁，由此给出了脂质分子聚集状态的光谱依据。     

原子力显微镜研究DPPC磷脂多层膜结构与力学性能

应用原子力显微镜(AFM)首先研究了在蔗糖溶液中二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)磷脂双层膜的结构,分析了其力学性能;其次,研究了在纯水中、CaCl2溶液中的DPPC磷脂多层膜的结构特性和杨氏模量.实验结果表明,在CaCl2溶液中DPPC多层膜的水层厚度大于在纯水中厚度,在CaCl2溶液中多层膜的杨氏模量变小.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.