潜射鱼雷攻击水面舰船时的声自导发现概率仿真研究

鱼雷是潜艇攻击水面舰船的主要武器之一,潜艇发射声自导鱼雷攻击水面舰船的过程中,鱼雷的自导装置能否有效发现目标受多种因素的影响,有必要对其声自导装置发现目标的概率进行分析研究。阐述了潜艇使用声自导鱼雷对水面舰船的攻击过程,分析了水面舰船的辐射噪声和声反射强度对鱼雷声自导作用距离的影响,采用蒙特卡洛方法,对声自导鱼雷发现水面舰船的概率进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在设定的仿真条件下,随着鱼雷射击距离增大、声自导作用距离变小、目标方位误差变大,潜艇使用鱼雷攻击水面舰船时的声自导发现概率会明显变小,攻击目标舷角、舰船目标航速不同时,声自导鱼雷的发现概率也不相同。潜艇在使用声自导鱼雷对水面舰船实施攻击前,应根据攻击态势、水面舰船运动规律和水文情况,预报声自导鱼雷对水面舰船目标的发现概率。     

基于舷侧阵声纳的鱼雷远程自导性能研究

针对鱼雷的远程自导问题,研究了恶劣水文条件下浅海波导中鱼雷舷侧阵声纳对主动声纳信号的探测能力和测向精度,计算结果表明:在潜艇反舰作战中,通过利用水面舰艇发射的主动声纳信号,可实现潜射鱼雷对目标的远程被动探测,其被动测向精度一般可满足自导精度要求。     

应用短时Fourier变换对尾流光学信号分析

为弥补声探测尾流的不足,利用激光的独特优势,采用激光探测舰船尾流的方法.根据光信号的随机特性,确定了信号的分析方法:短时Fourier变换.在信号的时-频分布图中,表征了信号频率随时间的变化关系.通过对气泡幕光学信号时-频图的分析,推测舰艇尾流的强弱.把这种探测手段应用于鱼雷自导,可提高鱼雷的作用距离、减小鱼雷半径,增强战斗力.     

空投鱼雷自导作用距离考核的布靶问题研究

为了科学布靶,使考核既容易实现有效条次又减少分歧;从试验技术方案设计角度出发,按照试验大纲提出的采用直升机悬停空投方式考核鱼雷环形搜索主动自导作用距离的方式,通过几何作图和数学计算,考虑了鱼雷从空投到入水后开始环形搜索的过程中存在的不确定性因素的影响;分析了这些影响对确定布放固定靶区域存在的各种制约性;讨论了不同的固定靶布放区域对于试验考核结果有效性的影响;针对布靶区域的分析结果,提出了提高直升机投雷精度、合理修改鱼雷软件等具有可行性的对策和建议,对于定型试验项目的实施具有较大的参考价值和指导意义。     

水下武器发射时流噪声研究

水下鱼雷武器发射噪声是潜艇的特殊噪声源。为直观详尽地描述发射系统内鱼雷出管的具体情况,本文建立了潜艇水下鱼雷安静发射普遍采用的液压平衡式发射装置内部及外部流场的有限元分析模型。基于FLUENT的动网格技术进行数值模拟,计算分析了发射过程的速度场和压力场,以及由此引起的发射流噪声特性。探讨了发射速度、发射管内外压力、潜艇航速或外部流场、水深等多种因素对鱼雷水下发射噪声的影响。     

蓝绿激光在鱼雷武器上的应用研究

目标识别功能是现代鱼雷武器应具有的基本功能。针对水下激光成像系统的特点,提出了将该系统应用于鱼雷自导／引信系统的设想并对其可行性进行了论证。蓝绿激光技术在鱼雷武器上的应用将有效增强鱼雷的目标识别能力和水下对抗能力,大大增强鱼雷武器的作战效能。     

阵列信号源中的窄带噪声实时生成与时延控制技术研究

针对鱼雷声自导测试信号源中的目标辐射信号模拟问题,集中探讨窄带噪声的生成及其通道间时延控制算法。首先研究窄带噪声实时生成算法,基于线性同余法生成均匀噪声,以其作为查询噪声池的地址,产生宽带噪声,并通过带通滤波得到窄带噪声。为保证模拟目标的方位角精度,精确控制各个通道的时延量,提出适用于宽带信号的延时滤波算法,基于多采样率信号处理技术,通过对噪声信号进行插值、延迟、选抽、滤波等操作,提高时延控制精度。结合算法原理分析,得到延时滤波的简化算法。数字仿真表明,提出算法适用于窄带信号实时生成,时延控制精度高。     

反射式鱼雷声靶的初步研究──材料和结构

单应答器式的传统的鱼雷声靶不能满足具有对抗和识别能力的新一代鱼雷试验要求。反射式鱼雷声靶能模拟目标的尺度特征，并能对复杂的鱼雷探测声信号作出合理的响应，能满足“智能”鱼雷试验的初步要求。用玻璃微球橡胶作为靶体的反射式声靶可在湖上试验场作为固定式悬挂声靶。或拖曳靶。本文介绍玻璃微珠橡胶靶体的声学性能及靶体结构设想。     

飞机的噪声环境及其结构的声振疲劳

本文简述了对某类机动飞机进行噪声环境测量及其数据归纳的方法;根据编制的噪声载荷谱和受载特点,选择适当的噪声源,进行声疲劳试验,考核飞机结构声疲劳特性,并对测量、试验结果进行分析,评定了几种抗声疲劳性能较高的结构形式。     

深海声影区时频谱干涉结构与声源定位

被动声呐探测位于深海声影区的水面舰船辐射噪声时,接收信噪比通常较低,导致声源被动定位方法的性能较差。针对这一问题,提出一种利用接收信号时频谱干涉结构的声源距离和径向速度联合估计方法。首先根据射线声学理论,建立时频谱沿频率轴和时间轴的干涉条纹周期与声源距离和径向速度的关系,然后对接收信号时频谱进行二维傅里叶变换和多频带处理以估计上述干涉条纹周期,最后解算声源距离和径向速度。仿真和海试数据处理结果表明,相比于现有利用接收信号自相关的声源距离估计方法,该文利用时频谱二维傅里叶变换的声源定位方法具有较好的稳健性,比较适用于低信噪比条件下的声源被动定位。     

Reduction of guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in photonic crystal fibers

Guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) generates phase and polarization noise of light propagating in glass fibers. This excess noise affects the performance of various experiments operating at the quantum noise limit. We experimentally demonstrate the reduction of GAWBS noise in a photonic crystal fiber in a broad frequency range by tailoring the acoustic modes using the photonic also as a phononic crystal. We compare the noise spectrum to the one of a standard fiber and observe a tenfold noise reduction in the frequency range up to 200 MHz. Based on our measurement results as well as on numerical simulations, we establish a model for the reduction of GAWBS noise in photonic crystal fibers.     

水声工程的新进展──欧洲UDT’99观感

本文介绍了１９９９年欧洲水下防务技术会议上与水声工程相关的内容,主要包括,声纳技术,水雷战,鱼雷自导与反鱼雷技术,水下兵器试验靶场等内容。     

Jamming effect analysis of infrared reticle seeker for directed infrared countermeasures

In directed infrared countermeasures (DIRCM), the purpose of jamming toward missiles is making missiles miss the target (aircraft of our forces) in the field of view. Since the DIRCM system directly emits the pulsing flashes of infrared (IR) energy to missiles, it is more effective than present flare method emitting IR source to omni-direction. In this paper, we implemented a reticle seeker simulation tool using MATLAB-SIMULINK, in order to analyze jamming effect of spin-scan and con-scan reticle missile seeker used widely in the world, though it was developed early. Because the jammer signal has influence on the missile guidance system using its variable frequency, it is very important technique among military defense systems protecting our forces from missiles of enemy. Simulation results show that jamming effect is greatly influenced according to frequency, phase and intensity of jammer signal. Especially, jammer frequency has the largest influence on jamming effect. Through our reticle seeker simulation tool, we can confirm that jamming effect toward missiles is significantly increased when jammer frequency is similar to reticle frequency. Finally, we evaluated jamming effect according to jammer frequencies, by using correlation coefficient as an evaluation criterion of jamming performance in two reticle missile seekers.     

Underwater asymmetric acoustic transmission structure using the medium with gradient change of impedance

We propose an underwater asymmetric acoustic transmission structure comprised of two media each with a gradient change of acoustic impedance. By gradually increasing the acoustic impedances of the media, the propagating direction of the acoustic wave can be continuously bent, resulting in allowing the acoustic wave to pass through along the positive direction and blocking acoustic waves from the negative one. The main advantages of this structure are that the asymmetric transmission effect of this structure can be realized and enhanced more easily in water. We investigate both numerically and experimentally the asymmetric transmission effect. The experimental results show that a highly efficient asymmetric acoustic transmission can be yielded within a remarkable broadband frequency range, which agrees well with the numerical prediction. It is of potential practical significance for various underwater applications such as reducing vibration and noise.     

On the prediction of “buzz-saw” noise in acoustically lined aero-engine inlet ducts

Aero-engines operating with supersonic fan tip speeds generate an acoustic signature containing energy spread over a range of harmonics of the engine shaft rotation frequency. These harmonics are commonly known as the “buzz-saw” tones. The pressure signature attached to a supersonic ducted fan will be a sawtooth waveform. The non-linear propagation of a high-amplitude irregular sawtooth upstream inside the inlet duct redistributes the energy amongst the buzz-saw tones. In most modern aero-engines the inlet duct contains an acoustic lining, whose properties will be dependent on the mode number and frequency of the sound, and the speed of the oncoming flow. Such effects may not easily be incorporated into a time-domain approach; hence the non-linear propagation of an irregular sawtooth is calculated in the frequency domain, which enables liner damping to be included in the numerical model. Results are presented comparing noise predictions in hard-walled and acoustically lined inlet ducts. These show the effect of an acoustic liner on the buzz-saw tones. These predictions compare favourably with previous experimental measurements of liner insertion loss (at blade passing frequency), and provide a plausible explanation for the observed reduction in this insertion loss at high fan operating speeds.     

基于低频吸声超构材料的复合消声器研究*

针对管道内低频噪声难以抑制的问题，本文基于亥姆霍兹共振腔（HR）阵列吸声板和穿孔管消声器组合，设计了一种复合式宽带消声器。首先利用有限元法仿真分析传统穿孔管消声器，发现中低频消声能力较差，通过嵌入HR阵列吸声板吸收中低频噪声。采用仿真与实验的方式研究吸声板的声学性能：在400-1000 Hz频段内的平均吸声系数达到了0.88。然后对复合式消声器进行数值模拟及3D打印阻抗管实验测试对比：复合式消声器在400-1718Hz频率范围内的平均传递损失为18.15 dB ，最终实现了管道内全频带噪声有效控制。     

Energy flow model considering near field energy for predictions of acoustic energy in low damping medium

The Acoustic Energy Flow Boundary Element Method (AEFBEM) is developed to predict the acoustic energy density and intensity of an engineering system. Up to now, the acoustic energy flow model has been used only for analysis of high frequencies or radiation noise because of plane wave and far-field assumptions. In this research, a new energy flow governing equation that can consider the near field acoustic energy term and spherical wave characteristics is derived successfully to predict the acoustic energy density and intensity of a system in the medium-to-high frequency range. A near field term of acoustic energy in spherical coordinate is added to the relationship between energy density and energy flow. But with the far-field assumption, this term vanishes, so the relationship between energy density and energy flow becomes the same as that of the plane wave. By considering the near field energy term without far-field assumption, the energy density at medium frequencies can be estimated. However, the governing equation has to be numerically manipulated for use in the analysis of complex structures; therefore, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is implemented. AEFBEM is a numerical analysis method formulated by applying the boundary element method to an acoustic energy flow governing equation. It is very powerful in predicting the acoustic energy density and intensity of complex structures in medium-to-high frequency ranges, and can analyze interior noise and radiating sound. To verify its validity, several numerical results are provided. BEM and AEFBEM were compared with respect to energy density, and the results from both methods were similar.