高频CO2激光脉冲写入的相移长周期光纤光栅

运用矩阵传输法，并结合长周期光纤光栅的模式耦合理论，阐述了相移长周期光纤光栅传输光谱的形成原理.利用高频CO2激光脉冲制作出相移长周期光纤光栅.该方法仅需用计算机绘制光栅结构图形，再由计算机依照此图形控制CO2激光器对普通光纤曝光，就可自动完成光纤光栅的制作.实际制造出一条相移长周期光纤光栅，在1520~1570 nm和1610~1670 nm波长范围内分别呈现出相移图样，相移波段的通带中心波长分别为1546 nm和1640 nm.对光栅进行温度测试，观测1610~1670 nm范围内相移光谱的变化，发现相移光栅的通带及阻带中心波长具有相同的温度变化系数，其数值为0.064 nm/℃，另外又测试了光栅的应变特性，灵敏度约为－0.51 nm/mε.因此在利用光栅温度特性或应变特性做传感的过程中，可以仅测试通带中心波长的变化，实现低成本多样化的测量手段.     

具有温度补偿功能的光纤光栅传感解调系统

从理论和实验上研究了三角形光纤布拉格光栅的温度特性,结果表明：三角形光纤布拉格光栅谐振波长的温度变化率与普通光纤光栅的相同,并且其光谱形状不随温度的变化而改变。利用三角形光纤光栅光谱的这一温度特性,设计了一种具有温度补偿功能的应变传感解调系统。该系统利用斜线光纤光栅将光纤光栅应变传感的波长编码信息转换为强度,并且用信号强度与参考光强度的比值作为应变的度量值。研究表明,应变与应变度量值成线性关系,同时系统具有温度补偿功能。在三种不同的温度条件下,对悬臂梁的应变测试结果显示：在实验测量范围内,温度变化1℃导致的应变测量误差小于6微应变。由于采用信号强度和参考光强度的比值作为应变的度量值,避免了宽带光源的平坦度及波动对测量结果的影响。     

基于预应力的超低温漂光纤光栅封装技术实验研究

提出了一种基于预应力的超低温漂光纤光栅封装方法并进行了实验测试,通过分析光纤光栅的应力和温度交叉作用的原理,结合硬铝材料和石英管材料不同的膨胀系数,在光纤光栅上施加预应力的结构来解决光纤光栅温度补偿问题;通过设计和制作含预应力的封装结构产生负温度效应的方法,使封装的光纤光栅实现光纤光栅中心波长超低温度漂移。实验结果表明:在温度为20～80℃的测试范围内,这种封装结构可实现光纤光栅0.0002nm/℃的超低温度漂移,而且具有良好的稳定性和一致性。     

光纤光栅的温度补偿

提出了一种简单、小型的光纤光栅温度补偿器件，将光纤光栅粘贴在具有负热膨胀系数的材料上，实现了光纤光栅的温度补偿。该器件在-20～44℃温度范围内光栅波长变化0.08m，是未补偿光纤光栅的1／8。     

π相移光纤光栅的温度调谐特性

根据π相移光纤光栅的温度可调谐原理,使用半导体制冷器(TEC)和制冷片控制π相移光纤光栅的温度,从而改变其中心波长。随着温度升高,π相移光纤光栅的中心波长向长波方向线性漂移,温度从0℃变化到95℃时,中心波长从1548.921nm变化到1550.664nm,波长改变量为1.743nm,灵敏度约为18.35pm/℃。为了验证π相移光纤光栅温度调谐的特性,采用与其匹配的高反光纤光栅构成了C波段环形腔光纤激光振荡器,利用π相移光栅的窄带滤波特性实现了窄线宽激光输出,并通过控制π相移光栅的温度实现了输出激光波长的连续调谐。     

基于双芯光纤级联布拉格光纤光栅的温度与应力解耦双测量传感系统

提出了一种基于耦合型双芯光纤级联布拉格光纤光栅的温度与应力双参数解耦测量的全光纤型传感系统。实验制备了一系列不同长度的双芯光纤滤波器,并测量分析了其自由光谱范围与双芯光纤长度的关系,结果与理论基本一致。实验发现双芯光纤及布拉格光栅对施加应力与环境温度的变化具有不同的光谱响应。利用光谱分析仪实时监测双芯光纤透射光谱波谷处波长及光纤光栅透射谱的波长漂移量,方便地实现了温度与应力的解耦双测量。多次测试发现该传感器对应力与温度响应特性具有良好的重复性,波长误差低于实验所用光谱仪分辨率。对于0.01 nm波长分辨率的光谱仪,提出的全光纤型传感器可以分别实现4.3048με及0.4562℃的应力与温度传感测量分辨率。     

陶瓷封装对光纤光栅体温测量探头效果的影响

利用陶瓷封装技术,设计并制作了多只光纤光栅温度传感头,测试了探头的测试灵敏度、稳定性、重复性、响应速度等多个参数受封装加工形式的影响。实验采用恒温水浴装置,在36℃~45℃的温度范围内使用了中心波长位于1 540 nm和1 550 nm附近的多只布拉格光纤光栅进行了对比测量。实验结果表明:陶瓷封装布拉格光纤光栅的波长/温度响应度为9.815 pm/℃,测量标准偏差为0.08 ℃。     

基于长周期光纤光栅嵌入型Sagnac环光谱的折射率测量

将长周期光纤光栅(LPG)和光纤Sagnac环相结合,实现了折射率和温度的同时测量.首先利用二氧化碳激光器在保偏光纤上制作了长周期光纤光栅(PM-LPG),然后把该PM-LPG和普通单模光纤耦合器组成Sagnac环,作为传感单元.实验选择其某一透射峰作为测试对象,其波长随温度变化,强度随折射率变化,因此可实现两个参量的...     

取样光纤光栅制作及其温度和应力特性测试

用长周期振幅掩模板（周期为500μm）和相位掩模板（周期为1.0739μm）采用曝光法，制作出了1.5cm长的取样光纤光栅。并测试了光纤光栅的温度和应力特性，发现光纤栅的反射波长随温度的升高，向长波方向漂移，三个主峰波长随温度的变化规律是相同的，温度漂移系数约为0.01nm/℃，温度变化并不会引起通道间隔的变化，波长与应力有非常好的线性关系，并且三个主峰波长随应力的变化关系是一臻的。因此，我们也可以采用与Bragg光纤光栅相同的应力补偿式封装或采用负温度系数的衬底材料来补偿中心波长随温度的漂移。     

基于非线性啁啾光纤光栅实现的色散可调谐

从原理上证明了一种基于非线性啁啾光纤光栅以及光纤光栅的温度特性的色散可调谐方案.实验证明在25.5℃的温度变化范围内,光纤光栅对1550.43nm波长的色散补偿量从759.1ps/nm上升到1659.9ps/nm,色散调谐范围达到900ps/nm,这个方案具有对补偿波长和特定补偿波长所需要的色散补偿量同时进行调谐的特点.     

A lasing wavelength stabilized simultaneous multipoint acoustic sensing system using pressure-coupled fiber Bragg gratings

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor head, using a pressure coupling mechanism, was designed for broadband frequency response and structural strain-free characteristic. The pressure-coupled sensor heads were connected to a simultaneous multipoint acoustic sensing system based on a tunable laser. An intelligent lasing wavelength stabilization algorithm capable of identifying the direction of spectrum movement, the wavelength shifting speed, and a fiber bending event was developed so that the simultaneous multipoint acoustic sensing system could be used in environments with rapid temperature variations. The lasing wavelength feedback control algorithm updated the lasing wavelength into the steep slope of the FBG spectrum even under conditions of rapid temperature change. The averaging lasing wavelength updating time was only 21 s because the system can decide a minimal size in scan window by finding the FBG spectrum shifting speed and direction in real time. The system was able to update the lasing wavelength which missed the steep slope of the FBG spectrum under maximum temperature variation rates 0.3014 and −0.3246 °C/s. The proposed system detected simultaneous impact waves at multiple points under conditions of rapid temperature change and change in dynamic strain.     

单光纤光栅波谱展宽温度压力同时区分测量

报道了利用单光纤布拉格光栅反射波带宽展宽技术实现温度与压力同时区分测量的新方案。通过聚合物材料将光栅粘接于双孔悬臂梁非均匀应变区 ,在压力作用下悬臂梁带动光栅发生非均匀应变 ,使布拉格反射波波长漂移的同时带宽展宽 ,而温度变化仅引起反射波波长漂移。在 2 0～ 10 0℃和 0～ 7.8N的温度和压力测量范围内 ,温度测量精度± 1.1℃ ,压力测量精度± 0 .18N ,布拉格反射波中心波长漂移量和带宽展宽量随温度和压力的变化呈良好的线性关系 ,线性度均高于 99.6 %。多次测量表明 ,此方案的展宽波形稳定 ,重复性好。     

Simultaneous measurement of the temperature and force using a steel cantilever soldered with a partially nickel coated in-fibre Bragg grating

A method for the simultaneous, independent measurement of temperature and force using a single in-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors was proposed and demonstrated. The FBGs were partially metallized using a partial nickel coating method. A Bragg reflex peak was successfully divided into two reflex peaks during the partial nickel plating process. The metallized part of the FBG was soldered on a steel cantilever, and the non-metallized part hanged in air. Using a structure that is composed of the steel cantilever soldered with a dual-wavelength FBG, the temperature and pressure can be simultaneously measured and discriminated. The metallized part of the FBG is highly temperature-sensitive (about 26.1 pm/°C), and for the non-metallized part the original Bragg wavelength of the FBG remains unchanged. The force sensitivity of the metallized part which soldered on the cantilever remained at 82 pm/N from 30 to 90 °C.     

双边缘均值光纤Bragg光栅波长解调技术

光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）传感器是一种波长调制型传感器，波长解调技术是FBG传感系统的关键，通常是对FBG反射谱进行波形采样，得到反射谱的峰值信号，以此作为FBG中心波长的特征值。这种方法需要实时采集大量数据，所以影响解调速度。通过对FBG反射谱的分析，得出FBG反射谱具有很好的对称性。在此基础上提出了采用反射波双边缘均值的方法测算中心波长。实验证明，采用这种方法进行波长解调，可以使FBG信号处理简单、动、静态波长时测算精度高，可以极大地提高解调系统处理FBG传感信号的速度。     

Acceleration test of substrate-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor北大核心CSCD

To test whether the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor can endure the steady-state inertial loads caused by the acceleration and the sensing properties during the loads, a FBG strain and temperature sensor with aluminium alloy substrate package was designed, and the acceleration performance on the sensor was tested. The sizes of FBG strain and temperature sensor were designed and its package process was described. The strain and temperature sensing mechanisms of FBG sensor were analyzed, and the spectrum detection and demodulation system based on volume phase grating and linear array photodetector was developed. Finally, the acceleration test equipment was established, and the acceleration performance test of the selected FBG strain and temperature sensor was carried out in accordance with the requirements and methods of GJB150.15A acceleration test. The experimental results show that in the 2 min performance test before and after the acceleration test, the wavelength offset is below to ±50 pm, and the change of light intensity is below to 0.3 V. In acceleration test, the maximum fluctuation of wavelength offset is ±7 pm, and the light intensity is in the range of 1.3 V~4.003 V. It is proved that the designed FBG sensor has the ability to endure the acceleration loads and has the good sensing performance during the acceleration loads. Copyright ©2022 Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

基于多芯光纤级联布喇格光纤光栅的横向压力与温度同时测量

提出并制作了一种基于多芯光纤与单模光纤错位构成的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,将其与光纤布喇格光栅级联,形成的全光纤传感系统可实现横向压力和温度双参量同时测量.马赫-曾德尔干涉仪是利用多芯光纤和单模光纤的模场不匹配而发生模间干涉,当外界横向压力直接作用在多芯光纤内部光场,干涉仪具有较高的灵敏度.实验结果表明:马赫-曾德尔干涉仪压力灵敏度为28.57nm/(N·mm~(-1)),线性度为0.997,而光纤布喇格光栅在一定范围内对压力变化不敏感;马赫-曾德干涉仪和光纤布喇格光栅对温度变化都具有较高的线性度,温度灵敏度分别为56.1pm/℃和11.3pm/℃.对于分辨率为0.02nm的光谱仪,传感器可实现的压力和温度测量分辨率分别为7.0×10~(-4)N/mm和0.03℃.马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的透射谱和光纤布拉光栅的谐振峰对横向压力和温度的变化有不同的光谱响应,利用光谱仪对传感器的透射谱实时监测,方便地实现了压力与温度双参量的测量.该传感器结构简单,灵敏度高,可用于不同领域的压力传感.     

Optical Properties of High Sensitivity Fiber Bragg Grating on Temperature Sensor

In this paper, the spectrum shift properties of the center reflection wavelength detected to be based on the FBG sensor with ambient temperature change. The basic theoretical methods and numerical simulation for the spectral properties of uniform Bragg grating is analyzed by using coupling mode theory which is optical properties of high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating on temperature sensor in accordance with experiment.     

分布式光纤Bragg光栅波长校准方法

提出了一种利用标准参考光谱进行波长校准的方法。实验中利用由宽带光源和光纤可调谐滤波器组成的可调谐光源分别扫描了参考光谱和传感光栅的光谱。在参考通道,ITU标准参考模块的输出是具有固定波长的梳状光谱。利用高斯拟合算法计算出由标准参考透射谱峰值输出的对应的驱动电压,通过样条插值函数获得了滤波器输出波长与驱动电压的关系。计算光栅反射谱峰值对应的驱动电压,利用上面获得的滤波器输出波长与驱动电压的关系式可以计算出传感光栅的Bragg波长。实验结果表明,在较大的波长范围内实现了对多个传感光栅的波长校准,减小了由滤波器非线性输出造成的测量误差,具有较高的重复性。     

Temperature-Insensitive Chemical Sensor with Twin Bragg Gratings in an Optical Fibre

To reduce temperature sensitivity of the fibre Bragg grating （FBG） chemical sensor, a simple method is proposed by measuring the peak wavelength difference between an etched FBG and an un-etched one in an optical fibre. Thermal characteristics and chemical sensitivity of the sensor are experimentally investigated. The experimental results indicate that the etched FBG and the rest one have almost the same thermal response, and concentration changes of the surrounding chemical solutions can be detected by measuring the peak wavelength difference between them. The sensor has been used to measure the concentrations of propylene glycol solutions and sugar solutions, and it could detect 0.7% and 0.45% concentration changes for them with an optical spectrum analyser in resolution of 10pm.