光电反馈式静电悬浮的机制研究

本文主要讨论光电反馈式静电悬浮的理论问题。研究在静电场作用下导电悬浮体的静电感应机制和绝缘悬浮体的静电极化机理,推导出悬浮体表面的感应电荷或极化电荷的计算公式,以及作用于悬浮体上的静电悬浮力的计算公式,在理论上揭示了静电力与电极电压、电极面积、悬浮间距及悬浮体电学特性等因素之间的关系。结果表明,导电悬浮体表面的感应电荷量比绝缘悬浮体表面的极化电荷量多,因此前者所受的静电悬浮力比后者大,但两者均可实现静电悬浮,这些结论与实验结果完全符合。本文工作为实现静电悬浮的光电反馈控制提供了理论依据。     

光电反馈式静电悬浮及静电力机制研究

本文介绍了光电反馈式静电悬浮方法 ,给出了静电悬浮力的理论计算公式 ,讨论了静电力与电极电压、电极 -悬浮体间距、悬浮体材料等因素之间的关系。通过实验测定了静电力与上述因素之间的关系曲线 ,获得了理想的结果。理论分析与实验结果均表明 ,实现导体与常规非导体的静电悬浮是完全可行的     

光电反馈式静电悬浮的光电控制系统

本文给出了基于直流高压静电场的光电反馈式静电悬浮系统的实现方案,介绍其工作原理,主要讨论该悬浮操作的技术核心-光电控制系统,提出了光电控制系统中的单元技术:激光三角法测距和比例积分差动(PID)控制的实现方案.我们采用仅有一路伺服控制的光电控制系统进行实验,获得了绞好的结果.实现了悬浮体的开关式悬浮控制.证明了我们的光电控制系统是完全可行的.     

静电悬浮技术研究进展

利用静电悬浮技术可使各种材料处于稳定的悬浮无容器状态,达到深过冷,并对材料的熔凝过程进行实时观测.文章介绍了静电悬浮技术的机理及其在材料科学研究中的应用,并展望了它的发展方向.     

气体物理性质对近场超声悬浮特性的影响研究

在利用近场超声悬浮技术搬运晶圆的过程中,为提高近场超声悬浮力,该文研究了气体物理性质与近场超声悬浮力之间的关系。利用声辐射压理论与流体力学理论对不同气体介质下的悬浮力进行建模与求解。搭建了可测量不同气体环境中悬浮力的实验平台。实验发现氩气环境下超声悬浮力平均值相对空气环境下提升24.8%。结合实验与理论计算分析了气体密度、比热容比、声速与动力黏度对悬浮力的影响,推断气体的比热容比为影响近场超声悬浮力的主要参数。该方法为晶圆搬运的环境适用性提供了参考价值。     

YBCO高温超导块悬浮力性能研究

本文利用排布在液氮低温容器底部的多块超导块以测试其悬浮特性.结果表明:YBCO块材在永磁导轨上的悬浮力与二者间距的变化过程有关;不同的变化过程会在相同的悬浮间隙位置得到不同的悬浮力.这一研究结果对磁悬浮列车的优化设计有着重要的意义.     

永磁导轨上组合与单块YBCO的悬浮力关系研究

受现有块材尺寸与性能的限制,实际应用中总是将许多超导块组合以满足实际需求.因此,研究组合样品与单个样品悬浮力之间的关系对设计磁悬浮系统具有实际意义.本文研究了永磁导轨上组合样品与单块样品悬浮力之间的关系.组合样品由3块矩形融熔织构YBCO块材组成,实验分两种方式进行,即组合样品平行于永磁导轨和垂直于永磁导轨两种情况.两种情况的实验结果均表明,组合样品的悬浮力与单个样品悬浮力的总和相当,平行时的最大悬浮力偏差为14.0N,垂直时的最大悬浮力偏差为4.9N.30mm悬浮间距内的最大悬浮力偏差百分比不超过6%.因此,我们可以根据单个样品的悬浮力来估算各种组合情况时的悬浮力.     

NdFeB永磁体下YBaCuO块材在交流磁扰动中的悬浮力磁滞特性

研究了交流磁扰动对高温超导块材和永磁体之间悬浮力的影响。实验分析了在零场冷(ZFC)条件下,不同频率的交流磁场扰动下的悬浮力曲线;另外还研究了交流磁扰动在永磁体下降和上升过程中对悬浮力的影响,发现上升过程中悬浮力受交流磁场影响较大,而在下降过程中影响则较为不明显,同时随着交流磁场幅值的增大,悬浮力的滞回曲线逐渐加宽。说明交流磁场导致了超导块磁滞损耗的增加,对超导磁浮特性的研究具有理论意义。     

永磁导轨上高温超导块材排布方式与悬浮力关系的研究

本文研究了YBCO块材排布方式与其在永磁导轨上悬浮力的关系.实验结果表明:悬浮力与随悬浮间距成指数关系.而YBCO块材在导轨上方排列方式的不同,导致沿轨道横截面方向,每块超导块获得的悬浮力平均值差异较大.当超导块集中分布于轨道上方磁场强度最大的区域时,超导块平均悬浮力最大.这意味着,与其他排布方式相比,在获得同等悬浮力情况下,这种排布方法的超导块用量最少.这一结果对于超导磁悬浮系统的设计具有指导意义。     

圆形线圈对超导球体的悬浮力特性分析

针对超导球体和圆形线圈之间的力的作用,介绍了一种简化而有效的计算悬浮力的方法。在此基础上,对线圈和超导球体的几何形状尺寸以及两者之间的相对位置关系对悬浮力的影响进行了综合的分析和讨论;对悬浮力在随着线圈和超导球体的具体参数的变化规律做了定量的分析。总结出的结论为超导悬浮系统的分析和设计提供重要的参照。     

Torsion balances with fibres of zero length

Torsion balances have good immunity to tilt and low rotational stiffness. However precise control of the position of the suspended torsion ‘bob’ is difficult in the presence of ground vibrations and tilt and this is a limiting factor in applications where Casimir forces or putative non-Newtonian short-range forces are being measured. We describe how the desirable characteristics of torsion balances can be reproduced in a rigid body that is suspended using applied forces rather than a torsion fibre. The suspension system can then provide a more precise control of the degrees of freedom of the suspended body. We apply these ideas to a superconducting levitated torsion balance, developed by the authors, and a generic electrostatic suspension. We present results of preliminary experiments that provide support for our analyses.     

尘埃粒子在直流辉光放电阴极鞘层中的运动及悬浮

研究尘埃粒子在直流辉光放电阴极鞘层中的运动特性,并讨论了尘埃粒子携带的电荷、受到的各种力及悬浮位置等.尘埃粒子在鞘层中的运动特性及悬浮位置主要由它的尺寸大小和它所受到的各种力(重力、电场力、离子拖拽力、中性粒子拖拽力)决定.比较无碰撞鞘层和碰撞鞘层发现,尘埃粒子在碰撞鞘层中的悬浮位置更加靠近极板;比较下鞘(阴极板放在下方时的鞘层)和上鞘(阴极板放在上方时的鞘层)发现,在下鞘中只有同一半径的尘埃粒子悬浮在鞘层中的同一位置,而在上鞘中两种不同半径的尘埃粒子可以悬浮在鞘层中的同一位置.悬浮在鞘层中的尘埃粒子只可 关键词：     

Electrostatic field effect on molecular structures at metal surfaces

We report on the structural transitions of molecules on metal surfaces by external electrostatic field. An electrode–molecule–electrode model is considered to quantify the effect of electrostatic forces at the molecule–electrode interface. Within a quasi-parallel-plate capacitor approach, this model reveals how external electrostatic fields change the delicate balance between molecule–substrate and molecule–molecule interactions, leading to substantial changes in the molecular conformation. The predictions are validated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations of four different molecules and electrode facets. In addition, first-principles simulations verify the results of our model calculations.     

Electrostatic forces in micromanipulation: Experimental characterization and simulation including roughness

Manipulation by contact of objects between 1 m and 1 mm are often disturbed by adhesion between the manipulated object and the gripper. Electrostatic forces are among the phenomena responsible for this adhesive effect. Analytical models have been developed in the literature to predict electrostatic forces. Most models have been developed within the framework of scanning probe microscopy, i.e. for a contact between a conducting tip and a metallic surface. In our study, we developed a simulation tool based on finite elements modeling. The strength of this model lies in the fact that it integrates roughness parameters. Measurements of electrostatic forces in function of roughness were conducted by atomic force microscopy. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results showing very good correlation. This demonstrates the influence of surface topography on electrostatic forces, especially for very small separation distances and proves the utility of the simulation tool in designing surfaces with controlled adhesion. Some application fields to which these results can be applied are drug delivery devices and micromanipulation tools.     

Interaction response of maglev masses moving on a suspended beam shaken by horizontal ground motion

As a maglev transport route has to cross a region with occasional earthquakes, the train/guideway interaction is an issue of great concern in dominating safety of the maglev system. This paper intends to present a computational framework of interaction analysis for a maglev train traveling over a suspension bridge shaken by horizontal earthquakes. The suspended guideway girder is modeled as a single-span suspended beam and the maglev train traveling over it as a series of maglev masses. Due to motion-dependent nature of magnetic forces in a maglev suspension system, appropriate adjustments of the magnetic forces between magnets and guide-rail require the air gaps be continuously monitored. Thus an on-board hybrid LQR+PID controller with constraint rule base is designed to control the dynamic response of a running maglev mass. Then the governing equations of motion for the suspended beam associated with all the controlled maglev masses are transformed into a set of generalized equations by Galerkin's method, and solved using an incremental-iterative procedure. Numerical investigations demonstrate that when a controlled maglev train travels over a suspended guideway shaken by horizontal earthquakes, the proposed hybrid controller has the ability to adjust the levitation gaps in a prescribed stable region for safety reasons and to reduce the vehicle's acceleration response for ride quality.     

Corona-discharge-based neutralization of charged granular insulating materials in contact with an electrode of opposite polarity

Charge neutralization is a key operation in many electrostatic processes. A wide-range of charge neutralizers have already been developed for various applications: eliminate shock and ignition hazards, avoid electrostatic discharges that might affect the operation of electronic equipment, reduce electrostatic adhesion forces that might stick granular materials in pneumatic conveyors, and so on. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate several methods of charge neutralization for charged granular insulating materials spread on an electrode energized from a voltage source of opposite polarity, a situation encountered – for instance – in two-metallic-belt tribo-aero-electrostatic separators, and which is not covered by commercially-available solutions. Three corona-discharge-based charge neutralization systems are studied: (i) DC-biased AC voltage applied to a corona dual-type electrode; (ii) DC-biased AC voltage applied to a triode-type electrode system; (iii) DC voltage applied to a corona dual-type electrode. The charged samples of polycarbonate granules are obtained at the outlet of a tribo-aero-electrostatic separator. The electric charge per mass ratio of each sample is measured before and after neutralization. The third of the above-mentioned charge neutralization solutions seems to be the most effective solution, but it requires an appropriate adjustment of the DC voltage applied to the corona dual-type electrode.     

Comparative study of three high-voltage electrode configurations for the electrostatic separation of aluminum,copper and PVC from granular WEEE

Roll-type electrostatic separators are mostly employed for the selective sorting of conductive and non-conductive constituents of granular mixtures. In case of waste electric and electronic equipment, several conductive materials may be simultaneously present in the composition of the granular mixture to be separated. The aim of this paper is to prove the feasibility of processing an Aluminum/Copper/PVC mixture using a roll-type electrostatic separator. Three high-voltage electrode configurations were studied. Experiments prove that the association of a high-voltage S-shaped plate electrode with a corona wire electrode gives the best separation results. The electric forces pin the corona-charged PVC particles to the roll electrode, while the lighter aluminum and heavier copper particles are diverted to the high-voltage electrode. The aluminum contained in the copper product can be removed by a second pass in a separator that makes use only of the S-shaped electrode. In this way, 75% of the aluminum particles and 99.97% of the PVC particles can be removed, to obtain a 98% pure copper product.