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在一台未作改动的直喷式柴油机上研究了生物油质量分数分别为10%和20%的生物柴油生物油乳化油的燃烧与排放特性。结果表明:与生物柴油相比,燃用乳化油时燃烧始点推迟,预混燃烧放热峰值升高,扩散燃烧放热峰值、最高燃烧压力和燃烧温度降低,燃烧持续期缩短,且随着生物油含量增加以上趋势更明显。燃用含10%生物油的乳化油时燃油经济性较生物柴油略低,与0号柴油相当,而燃用含20%生物油的乳化油时燃油经济性则低于生物柴油和0号柴油。乳化油的NO_x排放明显低于生物柴油,而碳烟排放高于生物柴油,但低于0号柴油。 相似文献
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本文在流化床上对玉米芯进行了快速热解制取生物油的试验研究.首先在非催化条件下考察了温度、气体流量、床高和物料粒径对热解产物产率的影响,得到了制取生物油的最优工况.在此工况下进行了催化热解试验,研究了FCC催化剂对热解产物产率和生物油品质的影响.结果表明,最优工况下生物油产率为56.8%.同未加催化剂相比,FCC催化剂的存在使得生物油中油组分和焦炭的产率降低,不凝结气体、水分和焦的产率增加.分级冷凝系统的应用较好的实现了重油、轻油和水的分离.对催化条件下第二级冷凝器收集的生物油分析表明,其油组分的氧含量和高位热值分别为13.64%和36.7 MJ/kg,具有很好的应用前景. 相似文献
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通过低温电催化重整方法(电流通过催化剂床),用传统的镍基重整催化剂NiO-Al2O3重整生物油制取氢气是一种高效的生物油产氢方法.还探索了电流对生物油重整的促进影响,发现通过催化剂的电流明显地提高了生物油的重整.通过BET、XRD、XPS和SEM的测试,研究了电流对催化剂微观结构的影响,包括比表面、孔径、孔体积、晶粒尺寸和氧化镍的还原程度.从通电的催化剂表面脱附的热电子直接由飞行时间质谱测量.讨论了电催化重整生物油的机理. 相似文献
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C12A7-MgO催化剂上的生物油裂解制氢 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
快速裂解生产生物油被认为是最经济的生物质生产液体燃料的路线之一.液体生物油具有易收集、易存储、易运输优势.与直接气化相比,生物油更容易通过改性转化为燃料;还能从中提取某些具有很高价值的化工原料和产品.因此,生物质裂解液化制生物油具有十分重要的意义.对生物质进行热化学处理以得到富氢燃气已进行了一些研究[1,2].而关于生物油裂解产氢的研究较少[3].本工作利用我们合成的C12A7MgO催化剂,研究了催化裂解生物油制备富氢燃气的活性以及催化剂寿命,并用X射线衍射方法对催化剂的结构进行了表征.将CaCO3和γAl2O3按摩尔比12∶7研磨… 相似文献
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研究了用一系列不同类型的分子筛催化剂催化转化制取低碳烯烃的过程,测试的催化剂包括HZSM-5、MCM-41、SAPO-
34和Y型分子筛.按照低碳烯烃的绝对收率和选择性,催化剂的活性排序为:HZSM-5>SAPO-34>MCM-41>Y型分子筛.研究表明,使用HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,获得的生物油最大低碳烯烃收率约为0.22 kg/(kg生物油),低碳烯烃的选择性约为50%,且生物油几乎实现完全转化.同时还研究了反应条件对生物油制低碳烯烃的影响.为了弄清催化剂结构与和低碳烯烃形成之间的关系,对相关催化剂进行了详细表征,对生物油热裂解和催化裂解过程进行了详细比较. 相似文献
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利用La/HZSM-5催化剂,研究了催化裂解粗生物油及其模型化合物(包括甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、丙酮和苯酚)制取轻烯烃的过程. 获得的最大轻烯烃产率为0.19 kg/kg粗生物油. 研究表明,温度、重时空速和镧对HZSM-5分子筛的改性等因素可用来调制烯烃产率和选择性. 分子筛中添加镧,可适当的调节催化剂酸度和强弱酸位比例,从而提高烯烃选择性、产率和催化剂稳定性. 生物油制备轻烯烃的效率与原料的化学成分和氢碳有效比(H/Ce? )密切相关. 此外,比较了粗生物油催化裂解和热裂解过程,同时利用模型化合物研究了生物油转化为轻烯烃的相关反应历程和机理. 相似文献
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以太湖藻为原料,通过分级热解来制备生物油,分别以棕榈酸、琼脂糖和蛋清粉模拟藻中的脂质、糖类和蛋白质,研究了藻分级热解生物油中主要组分的来源及热解过程中三大组分之间的相互作
用.结果表明,藻生物油中的烃类、十六酸及酯类均源自藻中脂质的热解,藻中蛋白质热解主要生成酚类、吲哚类、吡咯类和小分子酸;生物油中大部分的酰胺和腈类是脂质和蛋白质热解中间物相互作用的产物.藻组分中脂质和糖类的热解主要发生在473~573 K,而蛋白质的热解主要发生在523 K以上.藻生物油中仅有少量的糖类直接热解产物,可能是糖类热解产物在蛋白质热解产生的氨气等的作用下发生了聚合,使473和523 K所得生物油中有相当量的寡聚物;脂质与蛋白质的热解中间物相互作用生成了酰胺,酰胺再脱水又生成了腈类;而脂质与糖类之间相互作用不明显. 相似文献
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污泥的热解提油-半焦燃烧工艺的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了双流化床中污泥的热解提油-半焦燃烧工艺,组织实验论证并进行了探索研究。结果表明,双流化床中可以实现污泥热解提油工艺和半焦燃烧工艺的耦合,即获得了污泥热解产生的油和气,又实现了污泥的焚烧无害化处理。污泥在双流化床中发生热解反应时,干燥无灰基污泥的油产率为24.1%,是煤的2.4倍,干燥无灰基污泥的轻油产率为8.44%,是煤的9倍。该工艺中,污泥中热量的43.1%转化为油,10.4%转化为热值10.54MJ/m~3的气体燃料,46.5%的热量残留在污泥半焦中,在燃烧炉内燃烧放热。 相似文献
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Recent interest in biomass-based fuel blendstocks and chemical compounds has stimulated research efforts on conversion and upgrading pathways, which are considered as critical commercialization drivers. Existing pre-/post-conversion pathways are energy intense (e.g., pyrolysis and hydrogenation) and economically unsustainable, thus, more efficient process solutions can result in supporting the renewable fuels and green chemicals industry. This study proposes a process, including biomass conversion and bio-oil upgrading, using mixed fast and slow pyrolysis conversion pathway, as well as sono-catalytic transfer hydrogenation (SCTH) treatment process. The proposed SCTH treatment employs ammonium formate as a hydrogen transfer additive and palladium supported on carbon as the catalyst. Utilizing SCTH, bio-oil molecular bonds were broken and restructured via the phenomena of cavitation, rarefaction, and hydrogenation, with the resulting product composition, investigated using ultimate analysis and spectroscopy. Additionally, an in-line characterization approach is proposed, using near-infrared spectroscopy, calibrated by multivariate analysis and modeling. The results indicate the potentiality of ultrasonic cavitation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and SCTH for incorporating hydrogen into the organic phase of bio-oil. It is concluded that the integration of pyrolysis with SCTH can improve bio-oil for enabling the production of fuel blendstocks and chemical compounds from lignocellulosic biomass. 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2023,39(3):3447-3456
Pyrolysis of sewage sludge under conditions relevant to applied smouldering combustion was carried out in this study to investigate the influences of gas flow rate, oxidative atmosphere, and inert porous medium involvement on the properties of products. The experiments were carried out at 300–600 °C under atmospheres of N2, 5% O2/95% N2, 10% O2/90% N2, and 15% O2/85% N2, with Darcy flow rates of 1.0 and 3.5 cm/s, respectively, with dried sewage sludge loaded individually or as a mixture with sand. As a result, both the increment of gas flow rate and involvement of sand leaded to lower yields of char and higher yields of bio-oil and gas under N2 at temperature of ≤500 °C, due to the enhanced efficiency of pyrolysis reaction and gas transportation. However, when temperature increased to 600 °C, the influencing trends on product distributions changed due to the mechanisms of secondary cracking reaction and volatile-char interaction. The involvement of oxygen in fraction of ≤15 vol% at temperatures of 400–500 °C would lead to the intense decreasing yields of char and bio-oil, and increasing yield of the gaseous (dominated by CO2 and CO), due to the involved oxidation reaction during pyrolysis. Both increment of temperature and oxygen fraction would lead to the delay of ignition and the increase of activation energy of the produced char, except for that of char produced at 400 °C under 5% O2/95% N2, whose calculated activation energy was lower and volatile content was higher compared to that of char produced from pyrolysis at 400 °C under N2. The bio-oil from pyrolysis under N2 was dominated by aliphatic acids, phenols, steroids, amides, and indoles, etc., and the involvement of partial oxidation would lead to the weakened formation of aromatics, phenols, and S/Cl/F-containing compounds in bio-oil. 相似文献