K+介子衰变的分枝比

The branching ratio of the following three modes of K⁺-meaon decay K⁺→μ⁺+π⁰+ν K⁺→e⁺+π⁰+ν K⁺→μ⁺+ν is calculated by using the theory of the universal Fermi weak interaction proposed by Feymann and others. Perturbation method with cut-off is used. The ratio obtained is 1:1.5:12, which is in fair agreement with the experimental value 1:1:15. It is shown, other conbinations of Fermi interactions can not give result in agreement with experiment.     

Role of dislocation loops on the elastic constants of lyotropic lamellar phases

We study the role of dislocation loops defects on the elasticity of lamellar phases by investigating the variation of the lamellar elastic constants, ˉ and K, induced by the proliferation of these defects. We focus our interest on one particular lamellar phase made up of a mixture of C₁₂E₅ and DMPC in water, which is already well-characterised. This lamellar phase undergoes a second-order (or weakly first-order) lamellar-to-nematic phase transition at about 19^°C and dislocation loops are seen to proliferate within the lamellar structure when temperature is decreased below 30^°C. The values of both elastic constants of this given lamellar phase are measured as a function of temperature, approaching the lamellar-to-nematic transition, with the help of Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering (QELS) on oriented lamellar phases. Very surprisingly we observe a strong and rapid increase in both ˉ and K as the lamellar-to-nematic transition temperature is approached. These increases are seen to start as soon as dislocation loops can be observed in the lamellar phase. We interpret our results as being the consequence of the appearance and proliferation of dislocation loops within the lamellar structure. According to a simple model we developped we show that ˉ and K are proportional to the density of dislocation loops in the lamellar phase.     

Investigations of spectroscopic parameters and molecular constants for X1Σg+, w3Δu, and W1Δu electronic states of P2 molecule

The potential energy curves (PECs) of three low-lying electronic states (X¹Σ_g⁺, w³Δ_u, and W¹Δ_u)of P₂ molecule are investigated using the full valence complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in conjunction with the correlation-consistent basis set in the valence range. The PECs of the electronic states involved are modified by the Davidson correction and extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. With these PECs, the spectroscopic parameters of the three electronic states are determined and compared in detail with the experimental data. The comparison shows that excellent agreement exists between the present results and the available experimental data. The complete vibrational states are computed for the w³Δ_u, and W¹Δ_u electronic states when the rotational quantum number J equals zero and the vibrational level G(v), the inertial rotation constant B_v, and the centrifugal distortion constant D_v of the first 30 vibrational states are reported, which accord well with the experimental data. The present results show that the two-point extrapolation scheme can obviously improve the quality of spectroscopic parameters and molecular constants.     

Magnetic phase transition and the corresponding magnetostriction of intermetallic compounds RMnsGe2（R=Sm,Gd）

The temperature dependence of lattice constants a and c of intermetallic compounds RMn₂Ge₂ (R=Sm, Gd) is measured in the temperature range 10－800K by using the x-ray diffraction method. The magnetoelastic anomalies of lattice constants are found at the different kinds of spontaneous magnetic transitions. The transversal and longitudinal magnetostrictions of polycrystalline samples are measured in the pulse magnetic field up to 25T. In the external magnetic field there occurs a first-order field-induced antiferromagnetism－ferromagnetism transition in the Mn sublattice, which gives rise to a large magnetostriction. The magnitude of magnetostrictions is as large as 10^-3. The transversal and longitudinal magnetostrictions have the same sign and are almost equal. This indicates that the magnetostriction is isotropic and mainly caused by the interlayer Mn－Mn exchange interaction. The experimental results are explained in the framework of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet with the negative exchange interaction in one of the sublattices by taking into account the lattice constant dependence of interlayer Mn－Mn exchange interaction.     

Neutrino Mean Free Path in Strange Matter at High Temperatures

We investigate the condition that the neutrino energies E_v can be considered to be small enough to be neglected in the energy momentum conservation equation in the reactions d+v_e → u+e^- and u+e^- → d+v_e. It can be simply expressed as E_v < 4α_cμ_e/π, where α_c is the strong coupling constant and μ_e is the electron chemical potential. Then for E_v < 4α_cμ_e/π, we generalize the mean free path for nondegenerate neutrinos given by Iwamoto and obtain a formula that is valid for both nondegenerate and degenerate neutrinos. We also model the mean free path for both nondegenerate and degenerate neutrinos with energies E_v < 4α_cμ_e/π.     

Giant Magnetoresistance in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/Alq3/Co Sandwiched-Structure Organic Spin Valves

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃/Alq₃/Co sandwiched-structure organic spin valves are fabricated by vacuum thermal evaporation method. A giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of 14% is observed at low temperature 100K. At 30K, the magnetoresistance can increase to 50%. The large GMR of the device is attributed to the high spin polarization and low conductivity of the La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ contact. The magnetoresistance ΔR/R and the coercive field of the Co electrode depend strongly on temperature. The large high-field magnetoresistance reported on La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃/Alq₃/Co organic spin valves [Nature 427 (2004) 821] is not observed in our La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃/Alq₂/Co organic spin valves.     

Determination of parameters of the dipole moment of the CO2 molecule

Analytic expressions are obtained for vibrational transition moments of the first, second, and third orders using the eigenfunctions in the second-order perturbation theory. These expressions can be used to solve the inverse electrooptical problem for the ¹²C¹⁶O₂ molecule. The resonance interactions were taken into account by solving secular equations. The mixing coefficients for the eigenfunctions were calculated with an accuracy of 0.1%. The experimental data on purely vibrational transition moments 〈μ〉² used in the solution were obtained by averaging the data available in the literature with the weights that are inversely proportional to the error, resulting in mean-square deviations of (0.1–10)%. Five parameters of the dipole moment of the Σ _u symmetry were calculated using 29 values of the transition moments; five parameters of the π_u symmetry were calculated using 27 values of the transition moments. The accuracy of the solution of the inverse problem is characterized by the quantity Q=[Σ(δμ _i ^(theor) /δμ _i ^(exp) )²/(n-m)]^1/2, where δμ _i ^(theor) is the deviation of calculations from the experiment, δμ _(exp) ⁱ is the experimental error, n is the number of the experimental data used, and m is the number of parameters smaller than unity. __________ Translated from Optika i Spektroskopiya, Vol. 88, No. 5, 2000, pp. pp719–732. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2000 by Kolomiĭtsova, Lyaptsev, Shchepkin.     

EMISSION AND MASS SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF LASER ABLATED AlN PLUMES

The emission spectrum of the ³Π_i-³Π_i (0－0) AlN band and some N⁺ and N emission lines have been studied in the visible region for the laser ablated plumes. The Stark-shift and Stark broadening were observed. The component species in the ablated plumes were analyzed by time of flight mass spectroscopy. The electron density and the temperature were calculated from the Stark-shift and Stark broadening of N(²D) emission line. The densities of AlN⁺, Al⁺, N⁺, AlN, N and Al were estimated by the mass spectra and the Saha equation.     

Testing the nature of the Λ(1520)-resonance in proton-induced production

The Λ(1520)-resonance has been recently studied in a unitarized coupled-channel formalism with πΣ(1385), KΞ(1530), ˉN and πΣ as constituents blocks. We provide a theoretical study of the predictions of this model in physical observables of the pp → pK⁺K^-p and pp → pK⁺π⁰π⁰Λ reactions. In particular, we show that the ratio between the π⁰π⁰Λ and K^-p mass distributions can provide valuable information on the ratio of the couplings of the Λ(1520)-resonance to πΣ(1385) and ˉN than the theory predicts. Calculations are done for energies which are accessible in an experimental facility like COSY at Jülich or the developing CSR facility at Lanzhou.     

High-Flexible Single-Polarization Single-Mode Photonic-Crystal Fibre

We propose a new type of high flexible single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fibre (PCF). Numerical analysis indicates that the SPSM PCF proposed guides only one polarization mode over a wavelength band broader than the conventional SPSM fibres. The position and the bandwidth of the single polarization mode region depend flexibly on the structure parameters such as the hole diameters d₁ and d₂ and the hole pitch Λ of the SPSM PCFs. A 200-nm SPSM region can be obtained for the SPSM PCF with Λ=2.55μm, d₁/Λ=0.3 and d₂/Λ=0.833 and the modal birefringence at the wavelength 1.31μm can reach 1.8×10^-3.     

Dependence of the interband transitions on the in mole fraction and the applied electric field in InxGa1−xAs/In0.52Al0.48As multiple quantum wells

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photocurrent (PC) measurements were carried out to investigate the microstructural properties and excitonic transitions in In_xGa_1−xAs/In_0.52Al_0.48As multiple quantum wells (MQWs) for x = 0.54, 0.57 and 0.60. TEM images showed that high-quality 11-period In_xGa_1−xAs/In_0.52Al_0.48As MQWs had high-quality heterointerfaces. The results for the PC spectra at 300 K showed that the peaks corresponding to the excitonic transitions from the ground state electronic sub-band to the ground state heavy-hole band (E₁-HH₁) and the ground state electronic sub-band to the ground state light-hole band (E₁-LH₁) became closer to each other with decreasing In mole fraction and that E₁-HH₁ and E₁-LH₁ excitonic peaks shifted to longer wavelength with increasing applied electric field. The calculated values of the E₁-HH₁ interband transition energies were in qualitative agreement with those obtained form the PC measurements with and without applied electric field. These results can be helpful in understanding potential applications of In_xGa_1−xAs/In_yAl_1−yAs MQWs dependent on In mole fraction and applied electric field in long-wavelength optoelectronic devices.     

Rotational Brownian Motion on Sphere Surface and Rotational Relaxation

The spatial components of the autocorrelation function of noninteracting dipoles are analytically obtained in terms of rotational Brownian motion on the surface of a unit sphere using multi-level jumping formalism based on Debye＇s rotational relaxation model, and the rotational relaxation functions are evaluated.     

A Complete Foliation of Schwarzschild Spacetime by Free Falling Hypersurfaces

Free falling hypersurfaces in the Schwarzschild geometry have been studied to provide a complete foliation of spacetime. The hypersurfaces do not cross into the maximally extended spacetime and are well behaved everywhere except at the singularity r =0 the mean extrinsic curvature becomes infinity.     

Self Mixing Fringes of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers under Dual Reflector Feedback

The self-mixing fringes which shift due to every one-twentieth wavelength displacement of the target are observed. Taking advantage of the dual reflectors in the external cavity of lasers, the resolution of the sensors has been improved by 10 times. The role of the each reflector has been discussed in detail.     

Carrier confinement and interband transition properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by using atomic layer epitaxy

The electrical and the optical properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by using atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) technique were investigated by using capacitance-voltage (C-V) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. C-V curves showed that the plateaus related to the zero-dimensional carrier confinement effect existed and that the number of electrons occupying the InAs QD was approximately 7. The full width at half maxima of the interband transitions from the ground electronic subband to the ground heavy-hole subband and from the first excited electronic state to the first excited state heavy-hole subband were not significantly affected by the temperature variation, indicative of strong confinement of the carriers occupying the InAs QDs. These results can help improve understanding for applications of InAs/GaAs QDs grown by using ALE in high-efficiency electronic and optoelectronic devices.     

Search for strangeness changing neutral currents induced by neutrinos in gargamelle

A sample of 9930 neutrino neutral current interactions has been examined for single strange particle production. No signal in the channels νN → νγX and νN → ν|gS⁰X, where X means non-strange hadrons, has been found. This yields an upper limit of 5.4 × 10^?3 to a 90% confidence level on the ratio [(ν → νΓX) + (ν → νΣ⁰X)]/[ν → ν + anything]     

Instability of Solution of Phase Retrieval in Direct Diffraction Phase-Contrast Imaging with Partially Coherent X-Ray Source

The theoretical model of direct diffraction phase-contrast imaging with partially coherent x-ray source is expressed by an operator of multiple integral. It is presented that the integral operator is linear. The problem of its phase retrieval is described by solving an operator equation of multiple integral. It is demonstrated that the solution of the phase retrieval is unstable. The numerical simulation is performed and the result validates that the solution of the phase retrieval is unstable.     

Chemical Potential Dependence of Two-Quark Condensates

By adopting the background field method, the response of the dressed quark propagator to the presence of finite chemical potential is analysed up to the second order. From this, we obtain a model-independent formula for the chemical potential dependence （up to the second order） of the in-medium two-quark condensate and show by both Lorentz covariance arguments and explicit calculations that the O（μ） contribution to the in-medium two-quark condensate vanishes identically.     

Effect of electron-beam irradiation on the magnetic properties of Ga1−xMnxAs thin films grown on GaAs (100) substrates

The effect of electron-beam irradiation on the magnetic properties of (Ga_1−xMn_x)As thin films grown on GaAs (100) substrates by using molecular beam epitaxy was investigated. The ferromagnetic transition temperature (T_c) of the annealed (Ga_0.933Mn_0.067)As thin films was 160 K. The T_c value for the as-grown (Ga_0.933Mn_0.067)As thin films drastically decreased with increasing electron-beam current. This significant decrease in the T_c value due to electron-beam irradiation originated from the transformation of Mn substituted atoms, which contributed to the ferromagnetism, into Mn interstitials or Mn-related clusters. These results indicate that the magnetic properties of (Ga_1−xMn_x)As thin films grown on GaAs (100) substrates are significantly affected by electron-beam irradiation.