LP-FTIR研究CH_3C(O)CH═CH_2与O_3大气反应生成过氧化物的产率

在 (2 98± 2 )K温度和 1 0× 10 5Pa (2 0 %O2 80 %N2 )压力条件下 ,采用长光路傅里叶变换红外光谱(LP FTIR)技术 ,实验室模拟研究甲基乙烯基酮 (CH3 C (O)CHCH2 )与O3 大气化学反应。从FTIR光谱中可以看出 ,产物中包括HCHO ,HC (O)OH ,CH3 CHO和CH3 C (O)CHO等羰基化合物 ,还有CO ,CO2 等。FTIR结合双通道过氧化物分析仪 ,测定了过氧化物的产率。其中 ,有机氢过氧化物 (ROOH )为(10 7± 0 4 ) % ,过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )为 (1 8± 0 3) %。HPLC分析表明 ,ROOH主要为甲基过氧化氢 (CH3 OOH)。可以认为 ,作为异戊二烯主要中间产物之一的甲基乙烯基酮与O3 的反应是大气有机过氧化物的一个重要来源。至于反应过程中有机过氧化物的生成浓度呈现双峰的特征 ,其机制需作进一步的研究。     

CH3CH2O及CH3CHOH与HO2反应机理的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p)水平上对CH3CHOH + HO2和CH3CH2O + HO2反应体系的单、三重态反应机理进行了详细的理论研究.计算结果表明,CH3CHOH + HO2反应主要发生在单重态势能面上,其中四条通道均为快速自发过程;CH3CH2O + HO2反应在三重态势能面上的通道CH3CH2O + HO2 → 3IM11 → 3TS11 → P11 (CH3CH2OH + 3O2)为动力学和热力学的优势路径. 大气中CH3CHOH比CH3CH2O更容易稳定存在.     

CH3CH2O及CH3CHOH与HO2反应机理的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p)水平上对CH3CHOH + HO2和CH3CH2O + HO2反应体系的单、三重态反应机理进行了详细的理论研究.计算结果表明,CH3CHOH + HO2反应主要发生在单重态势能面上,其中四条通道均为快速自发过程;CH3CH2O + HO2反应在三重态势能面上的通道CH3CH2O + HO2 → 3IM11 → 3TS11 → P11 (CH3CH2OH + 3O2)为动力学和热力学的优势路径. 大气中CH3CHOH比CH3CH2O更容易稳定存在.     

CH3CH2+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对CH3CH2+O(3P)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型和谐振频率,并在QCISD(T)/6311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算.计算结果表明:CH2O+CH3、CH3CHO+H和CH2CH2+OH是主要反应产物,其中CH2O+CH3主要来自反应通道A1:(R)→IM1→TS3→(A),CH3CHO+H主要来自反应通道B1:(R)→IM1→TS4→(B),CH2CH2+OH主要来自直接抽提反应通道C1和C2:(R)→TS1(TS2)→(C).计算结果同时表明该反应生成CO的通道能垒是非常高的,CO应该不是主要产物.     

VO2+与CH3CHO反应机理的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上研究了VO2+氧化CH3CHO的反应机理。计算结果表明VO2+氧化CH3CHO的优势反应路径为：首先,CH3CHO与1VO2+ 或 3VO2+通过无能垒的放热反应形成配合物;然后,VO2+的O原子进攻CH3CHO分子中-CHO的C原子,形成四元环中间体;最后,通过H迁移反应形成1VO+ 或 3VO+ 与CH3COOH的配合物。     

电荷调控下Ti3C2O2和V2CO2吸附CH4的第一性原理计算

本文采用第一性原理计算首先研究了Ti3C2O2和V2CO2与CH4气体分子之间的相互作用,发现Ti3C2O2和V2CO2对CH4的吸附较弱属于物理吸附,不适宜用作探测CH4。在此基础上研究了电荷调控下CH4气体分子与Ti3C2O2和V2CO2之间的相互作用。结果表明：随着体系电荷态的增加,Ti3C2O2和V2CO2对CH4气体分子的吸附作用逐渐增加变为化学吸附。当体系电荷态大于或等于-2时,CH4气体分子在Ti3C2O2和V2CO2表面可以被有效捕获。撤去电荷后,Ti3C2O2、V2CO2与CH4气体分子之间的吸附恢复至物理吸附,CH4气体分子易脱附。因此,通过调控Ti3C2O2和V2CO2的电荷态,可以简单地实现CH4的捕获与释放。Ti3C2O2和V2CO2有望成为CH4探测或捕获材料。     

CH3CF2O2+HOO反应的理论研究

使用Gaussian98程序包，在B3LYP/6-311++G**基组水平上对CH3CF2O2+HOO的各反应通道进行了充分研究，过渡态和产物间的联系通过IRC确认．用振动模式分析和电子布居分析对所有反应通道进行了讨论以阐明反应机理．研究结果表明，在能量上CH3CF2CO2+HOO→IM1→TS1→CH3CF2O2H+O2通道最为有利，CH3CF2O2H和O2是主要产物，但CH3OH和CF2O的生成也是可能的．     

基于Fe2O3载氧体的煤化学链燃烧试验

采用流化床反应器并以水蒸气作为汽化一流化介质,研究了800～950°C内以Fe2O3为载氧体的煤化学链燃烧循环反应特性.实验表明,气态产物CO2的体积浓度(干基)随温度单调递增;CO、CH4的浓度在反应时间内呈单峰特性且随温度单调递减,CH4浓度值高于CO;H2被载氧体完全氧化.载氧体与水煤气化产物在温度高于850°C体现了高的反应活性,CO2干基浓度接近95%.反应器温度900°C时,气态产物CO2体积浓度随循环数而逐渐降低,CO、CH4浓度增加.     

氯原子引发的甲基过氧化氢大气光化学反应

有机过氧化物在大气化学过程中起着重要作用 ,并对城市大气质量有着重要影响 ,然而 ,目前对它们大气化学行为的了解还非常不够 ,尤其缺少定量的研究。文章利用长光路傅里叶变换红外光谱 (长光路FTIR)仪原位跟踪反应进程 ,进行实验室模拟研究大气中非常重要的一种有机过氧化物 ,即甲基过氧化氢(CH3OOH ,MHP)的大气光化学反应。反应在内配有红外光多次反射镜 (White镜 )的 2 8 5L静态石英反应池中进行 ,采用氯原子 (Cl)引发反应 ,温度为 (2 92± 2 )K ,压力为 9 3× 10 4 Pa(2 0 %O2 80 %N2 )。FTIR光谱表明反应产物中主要包括甲醛 (HCHO)、甲酸 (HCOOH)、一氧化碳 (CO)和二氧化碳 (CO2 ) ,此外还有少量的甲醇 (CH3OH)生成。测定了前三种主要产物在反应 6 0min内的产率 :HCOOH和CO产率分别为 2 4 %和 6 % ;而HCHO浓度先增后减 ,浓度达到峰值时产率为 5 0 %。根据实验结果探讨了可能的反应机理 ,指出MHP是大气中HOx 自由基的储库分子 ,对整个大气光化学反应的进程有重要作用     

CH3与NO2的反应

用时间分辨傅立叶红外光谱法和量子化学计算，研究了CH3自由基与NO2的基元反应．由248 nm激光光解CH3Br或CH3I得到CH3自由基．首次观测到了振动激发的产物OH、HNO和CO2．另一产物NO也被证实．由此确定了反应通道CH3O+NO，CH2NO+OH 和HNO+H2CO．其中CH3O+NO是主要的反应通道．还用CCSD(T)/6-311++G(df,p)//MP2/6-311G(d,p)的方法对上述通道的机理在理论上做了研究．理论计算的结果与实验观察相符．     

CH_3CH_2O及CH_3CHOH与HO_2反应机理的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)/cc-p VTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p)水平上对CH_3CHOH+HO_2和CH_3CH_2O+HO_2反应体系的单、三重态反应机理进行了详细的理论研究.计算结果表明,CH_3CHOH+HO_2反应主要发生在单重态势能面上,其中四条通道均为快速自发过程;CH_3CH_2O+HO_2反应在三重态势能面上的通道CH_3CH_2O+HO_2→~3IM11→~3TS11→P11(CH_3CH_2OH+~3O_2)为动力学和热力学的优势路径.大气中CH_3CHOH比CH_3CH_2O更容易稳定存在.     

Fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants for the methylperoxyl radical,CH3O2, and related isotopologues 13CH3OO,CH3 18O18O,and CD3OO

Accurate spectroscopic and geometric constants for CH₃O₂, and its isotopologues ¹³CH₃OO, CH₃ ¹⁸O¹⁸O and CD₃OO, are predicted. Employing coupled cluster theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], we obtain optimized equilibrium geometries using Dunning's cc-pVTZ basis set. A Taylor expansion of the potential energy surface, including all third-order and semidiagonal fourth-order terms in a basis of normal coordinates, yields anharmonic vibrational frequencies and vibrationally-averaged properties including the effects of anharmonicity. We detail the strong influence of Fermi resonances on the problematic ν₆ vibrational mode of CD₃OO, arriving at a value of 993?cm^?1; two previous experimental measurements of this mode appear to have been incorrectly assigned. Our computed energies for the low intensity ν₁₁ transition are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements performed for CH₃ ¹⁸O¹⁸O and CD₃OO, inspiring confidence that our results will serve as a guide for experimental measurement of this yet-unobserved quantity for the CH₃OO and ¹³CH₃OO isotopologues. Given the reliability of our force field, and considering the results of other experiments, we make a number of reassignments to previously recorded spectra, which eliminate large disagreements between experimental observations. The vibrational averaging of the rotational constants and geometries are also discussed for each isotopologue.     

Structural and thermochemical studies on CH3SCH2CHO,CH3CH2SCHO,CH3SC(═O)CH3, and radicals corresponding to loss of H atom

CH₃SCH₂CHO, CH₃CH₂SCHO, and CH₃SC(═O)CH₃ are intermediates during the partial oxidation of CH₃SCH₂CH₃ in the atmosphere and in combustion processes. Thermochemical properties (ΔH_f^o, S^o and C_p(T)), structures, internal rotor potentials, and C─H bond dissociation energies of the parent molecules and their radicals formed after loss of a hydrogen atom are of value in understanding the oxidation processes of methyl ethyl sulfide. The lowest energy molecular structures were initially determined using the density functional B3LYP/6‐311G/(2d,d,p) level of theory. Standard enthalpies of formation (ΔH_f^o₂₉₈) for the radicals and their parent molecules were calculated using the density functional B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p), B3LYP/6‐31 + G(2d,p), and the composite CBS‐QB3 ab initio methods using isodesmic reactions. Internal rotation potential energy diagrams and internal rotation barriers were investigated using B3LYP/6‐31 + G(d,p) level calculations. The contributions for S^o₂₉₈ and C_p(T) were calculated using the rigid rotor harmonic oscillator approximation on the basis of the structures and vibrational frequencies obtained by the density functional calculations, with contributions from torsion frequencies replaced by internal rotor contributions from the method of Pitzer‐Gwinn. The recommended values for enthalpies of formation of the most stable conformers of CH₃SCH₂CHO, CH₃CH₂SCHO, and CH₃SC(═O)CH₃ are ?34.6 ± 0.8, ?42.4 ± 1.2, and ‐49.7 ± 0.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The structural and thermochemical data presented for CH₃SCH₂CHO, CH₃CH₂SCHO, and CH₃SC(═O)CH₃ and their radicals are of value in understanding the mechanism and kinetics of methyl ethyl sulfide oxidation under varied temperatures and pressures. Group additivity values are developed for estimating properties of structurally similar, larger sulfur‐containing compounds.     

Mechanistic study of the reaction of methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2) with formaldehyde (CH2O)

ABSTRACT

A direct dynamic study on the reactions of CH₃O₂?+?CH₂O was carried out over the temperature range of 300–1500?K. All stationary points were calculated with the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and identified for local minimum. The energetic parameters were refined at QCISD (T)/cc-pVTZ and CCSD (T)/cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Three channels were explored and a reaction of hydrogen abstraction from CH₂O by CH₃O₂ was identified as dominant channel which involves the formation of a prereactive complex in the entrance channel. The rate coefficient of the dominant channel was calculated with TST and TST/Eck and the Eckart tunnelling effect is only important over the lower temperature region. The calculated rate coefficient of the dominant channel has positive temperature dependence and agrees reasonably with the available literature data.     

Semirigid vibrating rotor target calculation for reaction O(3p)+CH4 →CH3+OH

The time-dependent quantum dynamics calculation for reaction O(3p)+CH4→ CH3+OH is made, using of the semirigid vibrating rotor target (SVRT) model and the time-dependent wave packet (TDWP) method. The corresponding reaction probabilities of different initial states are provided. From the calculation of initial rovibrational state j= 0,v= 0, 1, we can see that the excitation of the H-CH3 stretching vibration gives significant enhancement of reaction probability and the reaction threshold decreases dramatically with the enhancement of the vibrating excitation, which indicates that the vibrating energy of reagent molecules contributes a lot to the molecular collision. As for the calculation of reaction probability of state v= 0, j= 0,1,2,3, the results show that the reaction probability rises significantly with the enhancement of rotational quantum number j while the reaction threshold has no changes. The spatial steric effect of the title reaction is studied and analyzed too after the calculation of reaction probability of states j= 5, k= 0-2, n= 0 and j=5, k=2, n=0-2 is made.     

氧原子和甲基自由基反应机理的理论研究

用分子轨道从头算和密度泛函理论（DFT）中的B3LYP方法以及适中基组6－311＋G（2df,2p)对氧原子与甲基CH3反应进行了系统的研究。计算给出了通道上各斑点物种的构型参数、振动频率和能量。结果表明：CH2OH比CH3O稳定,能量约低26．63kJ/mol,且生成氢和甲醛为其最主要反应通道。