电子全息法三维物场逐层分析

本文叙述了一种三维物场的定量再现、分析方法,其中采用了电子全息法,它包括:1)三维物场全息图的数字记录,2)全息图面上复振幅分布的数字再现,3)三维物场的逐层再现。由此可以获得整个三维物场的信息,这一方法以CCD摄象机作为记录介质,然后把由CCD采集的数字全息图输入计算机,利用频谱滤波法经过傅里叶变换、频谱分离、反傅里叶变换再现出全息图面上的复振幅。在此基础上借助频域衍射公式可再现出任何一层(平行于全息图面)上的图象。这样,我们用这一数字再现和逐层分析的方法便可研究三维物场的一些特性,如物体在其中的位置等。整个再现过程是由计算机软件实现,其中采用了二维快速傅里叶变换算法,再现过程可在几分钟内完成。本文同时还给出了这一数字再现方法的空间分辨率,并且通过计算机模拟展示了一个理想三维物场的再现过程及再现结果。最后指出了这一方法存在的问题及未来的应用前景。     

电子学全息法再现三维物场

叙述了一种采用电子学全息法分析三维物场的定量方法，它包括：（１）三维物场全息图的数字记录，２）全息图面上复振幅分布的数字再现，（３）利用空间频域衍射公式计算其它平面上的复振幅分布，由此可以获得整个三维物场的信息。本文同时还给出这一数字再现方法的空间分辨率。最后通过计算机模拟展示了一个理想三维物场的再现过程及再现结果。     

Research on true color computer generated hologram by lensless Fourier transform

Based on the theory of scalar diffraction, this paper makes research on the process of hologram reconstruction of true color calculation by lensless Fourier transform, and gives its algorithm on the basis of the angular spectrum theory as well as the instances of color image reconstruction under the red, green and blue colors wavelength. In order to eliminate the influence of color difference on the reconstructive image, this paper analyzes the causes of the color difference, and puts forward the method of interpolation reconstruction to the object information in the process of hologram reconstruction, so as to eliminate the color difference. With the advantages of computer generated holographic, the high-quality color hologram by lensless Fourier transform based on the angular spectrum theory has been realized, and the results of corresponding numerical simulation are given. The results show that the method in the paper can effectively eliminate the color difference caused by different wavelength, and the experimental results validate its feasibility.     

数字全息周期像的产生机理及在抑制零级衍射上的应用

在数字全息成像中, 利用CCD的RGB模式采样全息图时, 全息重构像会出现特定的周期性分布. 本文从理论和实验上详细研究了这种周期像产生的机理、分布特性和应用. 研究结果显示, 由于CCD的光谱滤镜会使全息图的RGB三个单色采样阵列出现部分像素信号的缺失, 因此, 需要通过特定的demosaicing数学算法对缺失的像素信号进行重建以形成完整的单色采样阵列, 这是数字全息再现像周期分布产生的根源. 而基于demosaicing算法的采样阵列重建会在全息图频谱中引入调制函数, 导致物体再现像和零级衍射斑的周期分布差异. 本文揭示了全息图的RGB采样、demosaicing算法与全息重构像周期性之间的内在关联. 最后, 讨论了结合空间移位和图像形态学技术, 利用重构像的周期性抑制零级衍射斑的应用. 所有理论与实验研究结果完全一致. 关键词： 数字全息 图像周期性 零级斑抑制     

Effect of intensity quantization level in parallel phase-shifting digital holography

Parallel phase-shifting digital holography (PPSDH) enables the instantaneous recording of three-dimensional fields. The three-dimensional field can be reconstructed using a computer by numerical scalar wave propagation. In PPSDH, we record a space-division multiplexed hologram that includes the required phase retardation in the spatial distribution of the reference wave and then interpolate the data at blanked pixels for each phase retardation to obtain the complex amplitude distribution of an object wave. The recorded quality of the multiplexed hologram influences the reconstruction quality. In this study, we investigate the effect of the intensity quantization of a multiplexed hologram on the reconstruction quality. We compare the influence of intensity quantization in PPSDH with that in the conventional phase-shifting method. Random noise is also added to the multiplexed hologram. The required intensity quantization level is helpful for selecting a digital image sensor.     

利用数值再现实现彩虹全息色差评价

为了在计算机制彩色彩虹全息图输出之前定量得到再现像的色彩保真度,提出了一种采用数值再现进行色差评价的方法.首先对彩虹全息图进行了频谱分析,得到再现参量与频谱分布之间的关系;然后采用频域滤波算法实现彩色彩虹全息图数值再现,得到再现像的相对功率谱分布;最后采用CIE1976UCS均匀颜色空间对再现像色差情况进行了计算.设计了7个色块并制作了计算机制真彩色彩虹全息图,以金卤射灯作为照明光源进行了光学再现实验,给出实验结果及分析.研究证明了采用数值再现方法实现对计算彩虹全息再现像光谱分布和色差进行计算分析是一种快速经济的方法.     

Fast reconstruction of multiple off-axis holograms based on a combination of complex encoding and digital spatial multiplexing

An algorithm is proposed for the fast reconstruction of off-axis digital holograms based on a combination of complex encoding(CE) and spatial multiplexing(SM). In this algorithm, every two off-axis holograms recorded in sequence are first assembled into a CE hologram using the CE method, and then four of the CE holograms are again encoded into one complex spatial multiplexing(CSM) hologram based on the SM algorithm. It is demonstrated that the eight holograms encoded into such one CSM hologram can be quickly reconstructed by performing a two-dimensional(2D) Fourier transform(FT) on the CSM hologram. Using this method, the eight 2D FTs required for the reconstruction of the eight holograms in the conventional spatial filtering methods can be simplified to a process with only one 2D FT, which can largely improve the computation efficiency with the     

Sectional image reconstruction and three-dimensional microscopy of small particles by angular spectrum method

In this letter, we demonstrate sectional image reconstruction and three-dimensional microscopy of small particles. We demonstrate sectional image reconstruction and holographic methods to obtain 2D and 3D images of small particles. A single hologram is sufficient to obtain a section containing only the focused parts of the reconstructed image. One can obtain images of different plane sections of a specimen in addition to its 3D display. The reconstruction of a digital hologram is based on the plane-wave expansion of the diffracted wave fields using Fourier optics (this method is also known as the angular spectrum method). With this method, the object-to-hologram distance can be quite small because the minimum-distance requirement does not apply. Furthermore, numerical reconstruction of transparent objects by this method may be interesting for micro-structure measurement.     

基于有限脉冲响应滤波器的数字全息零级像消除

针对数字全息中零级像的存在影响数字再现像的质量,分析数字全息图的记录、再现原理及频谱特性,提出了一种利用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除全息图数字再现中零级像的方法.该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图,不需要相移器材或其他辅助设备,直接利用数字图像处理对数字全息图在空域进行预处理,消除全息再现时的零级像干扰.对比了数字模拟和实验拍摄到的全息图在应用有限脉冲响应滤波器消除零级像前后的再现结果,表明该方法可消除零级衍射像,改善重建像质量,并且算法简单.     

全息模拟再现像的三维重构

提出一种全息模拟再现像的三维重构方法，可以模拟再现得到三维再现像.计算机模拟再现许多幅在不同深度位置的二维光强分布；利用灰度级变化的聚焦度评价方法，通过寻找最大聚焦度值，确定再现三维像各像点的深度信息.实验证明,该方法能实现模拟再现像的三维重构，使数字全息术有希望成为一种全新的三维面形检测技术.再现像三维重构的实现可以更客观地对全息图进行像质评价，并验证计算机制全息术算法的正确性.