Magnetic and structural properties of CaO–SiO2–P2O5–Na2O–Fe2O3 glass ceramics

Magnetic properties of glass ceramics derived from glasses with composition 41CaO·(52−x)SiO₂·4P₂O₅·xFe₂O₃·3Na₂O (2?x?10 mol% iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)) are reported. Structural investigation revealed the presence of nanocrystalline magnetite phase in the heat-treated samples containing x?2 mol% Fe₂O₃. Magnetic hysteresis cycles of the glass-ceramic samples were obtained with a maximum applied field of ±20 kOe as well as a low field of ±500 Oe, in order to evaluate the potential of these glass ceramics for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Samples with x>2 mol% of iron oxide exhibited magnetic behavior similar to soft magnetic materials with low coercivity. The evolution of magnetic properties in these samples as a function of iron oxide molar concentration is correlated with the amount and crystallite size of magnetite phase present in them.     

Preparation and characteristics of?a?BaO–Al2O3–B2O3–SiO2–La2O3 glass ceramic via spray pyrolysis

The characteristics of a BaO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–SiO₂–La₂O₃ glass ceramic prepared by spray pyrolysis were studied. Glass powders with spherical shape and amorphous phase were prepared by complete melting at a preparation temperature of 1 500°C. The mean size and geometric standard deviation of the powders prepared at the temperature of 1 500°C were 0.6 μm and 1.3. The glass powders had similar composition to that of the spray solution. The glass transition temperature (T _g) of the glass powders was 600.3°C. Two crystallization exothermic peaks were observed at 769.3 and 837.8°C. Densification of the specimen started at a sintering temperature of 600°C, in which Ba₄La₆O(SiO₄)₆ as main crystal structure was observed. Complete densification of the specimen occurred at a sintering temperature of 800°C. The specimens sintered at temperatures above 800°C had main crystal structure of BaAl₂Si₂O₈.     

FTIR structural investigation of gamma irradiated BaO–Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 glasses

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of xBaO–15Na₂O–(70−x)B₂O₃–15SiO₂ glass system with x=0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 (mol%) has been measured in the spectral range 400–4000 cm⁻¹ at room temperature in order to understand the characteristic frequencies of the chemical bonds and bonding mechanisms, which are susceptible to the structural and spectral changes. The effect of gamma irradiation in the dose range 0.1 kGy–60 kGy on the infrared absorption spectra of these glasses is also reported. The change in the glass structure due to the effect of composition is also discussed. It has been observed that irradiation of the glasses with the gamma rays increases the BO₃ groups and the non bridging oxygens which make the network loose.     

μ–τ symmetry in Zee–Babu model

We study the Zee–Babu two-loop neutrino mass generation model and look for a possible flavor symmetry behind the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing. We find that there probably exists the μ–τ   symmetry in the case of the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, whereas there may not be in the inverted hierarchy case. We also propose a specific model based on a Froggatt–Nielsen-like Z₅$Z_5$ symmetry to naturally accomplish the μ–τ symmetry on the neutrino mass matrix for the normal hierarchy case.     

Electrodeposition of TiO2–RuO2–IrO2 coating on titanium substrate

TiO₂, RuO₂, and IrO₂ transition metal oxides have many applications in the field of applied electrochemistry. In this work, the mixed solid solutions of TiO₂–RuO₂–IrO₂ coatings have been electrodeposited from aqueous–unaqueous baths.     

Electromagnetic structure of W± bosons in the e–e+ → W+W– reaction

A model-independent analysis of anomalous gauge coupling constants of W ^± bosons is presented and the corresponding restrictions on them and on the electromagnetic characteristics of W ^± bosons following from the experiments on measuring the e⁺ e^- ? W⁺ W^- ? ( e

Structure, electrical properties and temperature characteristics of?Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

(1−x−y)Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–xBi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃– yBi_0.5Li_0.5TiO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been prepared by an ordinary sintering technique, and their structure, electrical properties, and temperature characteristics have been studied systematically. The ceramics can be well-sintered at 1050–1150 °C. The increase in K⁺ concentration decreases the grain-growth rate and promotes the formation of grains with a cubic shape, while the addition of Li⁺ decreases greatly the sintering temperature and assists in the densification of BNT-based ceramics. The results of XRD diffraction show that K⁺ and Li⁺ diffuse into the Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ lattices to form a solid solution with a pure perovskite structure. As x increases from 0.05 to 0.50, the ceramics transform gradually from rhombohedral phase to tetragonal phase and consequently a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) is formed at 0.15≤x≤0.25. The concentration y of Li⁺ has no obvious influence on the crystal structure of the ceramics. Compared with pure Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃, the partial substitution of K⁺ and Li⁺ for Na⁺ lowers greatly the coercive field E _c and increases the remanent polarization P _r of the ceramics. Because of the MPB, lower E _c and large P _r, the piezoelectricity of the ceramics is improved significantly. For the ceramics with the compositions near the MPB (x=0.15–0.25 and y=0.05–0.10), the piezoelectric properties become optimum: piezoelectric coefficient d ₃₃=147–231 pC/N and planar electromechanical coupling factor k _P=20.2–41.0%. In addition, the ceramics exhibit relaxor characteristic, which probably results from the cation disordering in the 12-fold coordination sites. The depolarization temperature T _d shows a strong dependence on the concentration x of K⁺ and reaches the lowest values at the MPB. The temperature dependences of the ferroelectric and dielectric properties at high temperatures may imply that the ceramics may contain both the polar and non-polar regions at temperatures above T _d.     

Investigation of structural,physical and optical properties of CeO2–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses

xCeO₂–30Bi₂O₃–(70−x) B₂O₃ glasses are synthesized by using the melt quench technique. A number of studies such as XRD, density, molar volume, optical band gap, refractive index and FTIR spectroscopy are employed to characterize the glasses. The band gap decreases from 2.15 to 1.61 eV, refractive index increases from 2.67 to 2.93 and density increases from 4.151 to 4.633 g/cm³. The decrease in band gap with CeO₂ doping approaches the semiconductor behavior. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that incorporation of CeO₂ into glass network helps to convert the structural units of [BO₃] into [BO₄] and results in Bi–O bond vibration of [BiO₆].     

Broadband near-IR emission and temperature dependence in Er/Tm co-doped Bi2O3–SiO2–Ga2O3 glasses

The broadband near-IR emission has been investigated in a series of Er/Tm co-doped Bi₂O₃–SiO₂–Ga₂O₃ (BSG) glasses with 800 nm laser diode as an excitation source. A broadband emission extending from 1350 to 1650 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) around 165 nm is obtained in 0.2 wt% Er₂O₃ and 1.0 wt% Tm₂O₃ co-doped BSG glass. The fluorescence decay curves of glasses are measured and maximum energy transfer efficiency from Er³⁺ to Tm³⁺ reaches 71% when Tm³⁺ concentration is 1.0 wt%. The temperature dependence of the broadband emission spectra in Er³⁺–Tm³⁺ co-doped BSG glass is also recorded to further understand the energy-transfer processes between Er³⁺ and Tm³⁺. The present work suggests that Er/Tm co-doped BSG glasses can be a potential candidate for broadband integrated amplifier.     

Physical,optical and radiative properties of CaSO4–B2O3–P2O5 glasses doped with Sm3+ ions

Trivalent rare earth ions doped borosulfophosphate glasses are in high demand owing to their several unique attributes that are advantageous for applications in diverse photonic devices. Thus, Sm³⁺ ion doped calcium sulfoborophosphate glasses with composition of 25CaSO₄–30B₂O₃–(45?x)P₂O₅–xSm₂O₃ (where x?=?0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 mol%) were synthesized using melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples. Differential thermal analyses show transition peaks for melting temperature, glass transition and crystallization temperature. The glass stability is found in the range 91?°C to 116?°C which shows increased stability with addition of Sm₂O₃ concentration. The Fourier transform infrared spectral measurements carried out showed the presence of vibration bands due to PO linkage, BO_3, BO₄, PO₄, POP, OPO, SOB, and BOB unit. Glass density showed increase in value from 2.179 to 2.251?g cm^?3 with increase in Sm₂O₃ concentration. The direct, indirect band gap and Urbach energy calculated were found to be within 4.368–4.184?eV, 3.641–3.488?eV and 0.323–0.282?eV energy ranges, respectively. The absorption spectra revealed ten prominent peaks centered at 365, 400, 471, 941, 1075, 1228, 1375, 1477, 1528 and 1597?nm corresponding to ⁴D_3/2,⁶H_5/2→⁴I_11/2,⁶P_3/2, ⁶F_11/2, ⁶F_9/2, ⁶F_7/2, ⁶F_5/2, ⁶F_3/2, ⁶H_15/2 and ⁶F_1/2 transitions respectively. Photoluminescence spectra monitored at the excitation of 398?nm exhibits four emission bands positioned at 559, 596,643 and 709?nm corresponding to ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2, ⁶H_7/2, ⁶H_9/2 and ⁶H_11/2 transitions respectively. The nephelauxetic parameters calculated showed good influence on the local environment within the samarium ions site and the state of the SmO bond. The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters calculated for all glass samples revealed that Ω_6?>?Ω_4?>?Ω₂. The emission cross-section and the branching ratios values obtained for ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2 transition indicate its suitability for LEDs and solid-state laser application.     

Optical,physical and structural studies of vanadium doped P2O5–BaO–Li2O glasses

Glasses in the compositions (Li₂O)₂₅–(BaO)₂₅–(P₂O₅)_50−x–(V₂O₅)_x (with x=0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5, and 3.0 mol%) have been prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. X-ray powder diffractrogram show broad peaks which conforms glassy nature of the sample. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms show characteristic glass transition temperature (T_g) and it increases with increasing substitution of V₂O₅ for P₂O₅. The measured physical parameters like density, refractive index, ionic concentration and electronic polarizability are found to vary linearly with increasing x. Infrared spectra exhibits few bands, which are attributed to (P=O)_AS, (P=O)_S, (V=O), (P–O–P)_AS,P–O–V, (P–O–P)_AS and O–P–O vibrations. The optical absorption spectra of VO²⁺ ions in these glasses show three bands and are assigned to the ²B₂→ ²E,²B₂→ ²B₁ and ²B₂→ ²A₁ transitions. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of all the glass samples exhibit resonance signals characteristic of VO²⁺ ions. The values of Spin-Hamiltonian parameters indicate that the VO²⁺ ions are present in octahedral sites with tetragonal compression and belong to C_4V symmetry.     

Smilansky–Solomyak model with a δ′-interaction

We investigate a strongly singular version of the model of irreversible dynamics proposed by Smilansky and Solomyak in which the interaction responsible for an abrupt change of the spectrum is of ${\delta }^{\prime }$ type. We determine the spectrum in both the subcritical and supercritical regimes and discuss its character as well as its asymptotic properties of the discrete spectrum in terms of the coupling constant.     

Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of Fe–Sr0.8La0.2Fe11.8Co0.2O19 shell-core composites

Shell-core Fe–Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe_11.8Co_0.2O₁₉ composites are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for use as microwave absorbing materials. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses show that the CVD method yields Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe_11.8Co_0.2O₁₉ powders with a uniform coating of Fe. Compared with Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe_11.8Co_0.2O₁₉, Fe–Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe_11.8Co_0.2O₁₉ composites have higher electrical conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric loss, which gradually increase with increasing Fe content. When Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe_11.8Co_0.2O₁₉/Fe=7:3, a reflection loss (RL) exceeding −10 dB is obtained in the frequency range of 10–14 GHz at a coating thickness of 2.0 mm. A minimum RL of −30 dB was found at 8.0 GHz, corresponding to a matching thickness of 2.8 mm.     

Structural investigation of the BaSnO3–YBa2Cu3O7−x system

We report the microstructure change of BaSnO₃ (BSO)–YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x (YBCO) thin film system grown on SrTiO₃ single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition with using the “surface-modified-target” and “mixture-target” methods. Although it was confirmed that the thick BSO nanorods incorporated to YBCO films act as strong artificial pinning centers, the formation mechanism of the nanorods is still unclear. The purpose of this work is to extend the structural investigation to higher contents of BSO (up to 71 vol.%) in order to enlighten the relationship among interfacial energy, morphology and pinning performance in binary BSO–YBCO films.     

AgyIn3.33–y/3Se5化合物结构和热电性能

本文使用静态扩散法结合常规X射线粉末衍射和电子探针技术,在Ag-In-Se体系中发现了Ag_yIn_3.33-y/3Se₅新化合物.其结构属于三方晶系,空间群为P3m1,是二维层状结构,单层晶胞由9个原子量子层按照Se1-In1-Se2-In2-Se3-Ag/In3-Se4-In4-Se5顺序排布构成,层间由弱范德瓦耳斯力结合.烧结的块体样品表现出强烈的取向性,在平行压力方向上具有极低的晶格热导率(在873 K为0.15 W·m^-1·K^-1).这种本征低的晶格热导率主要源于材料的低声速和低频光学支声子与声学支声子强耦合作用.Ag_yIn_3.33-y/3Se₅样品表现为n型传导,室温下电导率约为4×10~4S·m^-1,Seebeck系数约为-80μV·K^-1,样品在宽温度范围内均表现出较好的电传输性能,在450—800 K范围内的功率因子为5μW·cm^-1...     

Varistor and dielectric properties of Cr2O3 doped SnO2–Zn2SnO4 composite ceramics

Cr₂O₃ doped SnO₂–Zn₂SnO₄ composite ceramics were prepared by traditional ceramic processing and the varistor, dielectric properties were investigated. With increasing Cr₂O₃ content, the breakdown electrical field E_B increases from 11 to 92 V/mm and the relative dielectric constant ε_r measured at 1 kHz, 50 °C decreases from 11,028 to 3412, respectively. The barrier height ?_B about 0.8–0.84 eV and the decreasing of SnO₂ grain size suggest that the varistor behavior with high ε_r is originated from SnO₂–SnO₂ or SnO₂–Zn₂SnO₄ grain boundary. In the dielectric spectra lower than 1 kHz, a dielectric peak is presented and depressed with increasing bias voltage. Similarly, at high temperature, the dielectric constant also presents a dielectric peak in the temperature spectra and the peak becomes faint with increasing frequency. The exhibition of the dielectric peak is thought to be attributed to the conduction of grain boundary since it is accompanied by the sharp increase of dielectric loss. In addition, a dielectric relaxation with the activation energy about 0.4–0.5 eV was observed in the temperature range of 20–100 °C. Based on the results, the formation mechanism of Schottky barriers at grain boundaries and the varistor behavior with high dielectric constant are well understood.     

Magnetoimpedance in La0.67Pb0.33MnO3 manganite prepared by sol–gel method

In the present work, manganite La_0.67Pb_0.33MnO₃ was prepared by the sol–gel method. The difference between metal–insulator transition temperature T_MI (217 K) and Curie temperature T_c (342 K) in the sol–gel nanocrystalline manganite is mainly due to the grain boundary effect. The breaking of Mn–O–Mn bonds and strong scattering at the grain boundary cumber the transport. At room temperature 300 K, impedance and resistance increase with increasing frequency of ac currents. The observed dc magnetoresistance in sol–gel La_0.67Pb_0.33MnO₃ is related to the spin-polarized inter-grain tunneling and spin-dependent scattering at grain boundaries. The sol–gel manganite shows the magnetoimpedance characteristics, which are different from those of traditional sintered manganites and metallic giant magnetoimpedance materials. For sol–gel La_0.67Pb_0.33MnO₃ at low frequencies, the impedance experiences a peak under a low longitudinal field. In contrast, at high frequencies the peak phenomenon disappears, and the impedance drops sharply with low fields, which is due to the inter-grain or grain boundary effect. The permeability also sensitively varies with an application of transverse field. The magnetoimpedance effect in sol–gel nanocrystalline manganite is influenced by both field-induced permeability change and dc magnetoresistance.