大气传输特性对目标与背景红外辐射特性的影响

本文对影响大气红外辐射透过率和大气自身的红外辐射因素及计算方法进行了讨论，利用大气传输特性分析软件－LOWTRAN7分析计算了大气红外辐射的透过率和大气自身的红外辐射，并讨论了大气辐射与吸收对目标与背景红外辐射特性的影响，对利用理论模型得到的目标与背景红外辐射图像进行了修正，获得了比较接近实际的红外模拟热图像。     

基于垂直层叠结构的可见/近红外双波段传感器研究

提出了基于垂直层叠结构的双波段传感器,该结构为同时对可见波段和近红外波段进行成像提供了可能。它的基本原理是利用不同波长的光在硅材料中穿透深度的非线性分布,即:短波长的可见光主要在表面被吸收,长波长的近红外光则主要在更深的位置被吸收。通过垂直层叠结构,抽取不同深度的光生载流子,即可以得到相应波段的成像信息。数值仿真分析表明,结构参量为D1=2μm,D2=18μm的结构能在400~1200 nm波长范围得到响应峰值波长为550 nm和1000 nm的最佳可见/近红外响应。     

外场用红外目标模拟器辐射特性测量研究

野外便携式红外目标模拟器作为红外目标辐射源,广泛应用于各军兵种武器装备的效能测试评估中.针对外场模拟辐射源不能精确标定的问题,采用标准面源黑体和红外傅里叶光谱辐射计相结合标定的方法,对红外模拟器特定温度下的光谱辐亮度进行测量,计算出感兴趣波段的积分辐亮度,根据模拟器辐射面积给出用户需要的模拟器各设定温度下的辐射强度.分析计算表明:计算出的感兴趣波段的积分辐亮度值和理论曲线相比较,取得了良好的一致性,间接验证了该方法的正确性.     

最大化背景模型用于检测红外图像中的弱小目标

提出一种基于最大化背景模型的背景预测算法,用于红外弱小目标检测.算法通过"区域最大化背景模型",来减小背景起伏对背景预测的影响,从而实现对背景更准确的预测,达到提高弱小目标检测性能的目的.算法适用于强对比度云层的空背景、具有人造干扰物的背景和空地背景的红外图像中,具有较强的抗噪音特性,是背景预测算法的一个重要扩展.针对实际红外图像的试验仿真表明,提出的算法是有效的.     

红外隐身技术述评

本文讨论飞机、舰船及地面目标的红外隐身技术．目前飞机、舰船及地面目标采取的红外隐身措施，主要是综合使用冷却、屏蔽、遮挡和红外隐身涂料等手段，达到消除或模糊目标与背景间的温差。降低目标红外辐射的强度和亮度．限制目标红外辐射方向等目的。文中还评述了目标的红外隐身技术今后发展趋势。     

红外小目标与背景辐射对比度的研究

红外目标与背景的对比度特征是红外探测系统检测的重要特征。研究了目标和背景在探测器上的辐射照度,提出了一种红外小目标与背景的辐射对比度,分析了该目标与背景对比度的相关因素。     

锂锰尖晶石红外光谱的研究

本文对锂锰尖晶石的红外光谱进行了研究。由于锂锰尖晶石的晶体结构属于Fd3m空间群,锂离子占据四面体空隙(8a位置),锰离子占据八面体空隙(16d位置)。根据群论的知识,对锂锰尖晶石晶体中离子的振动方式与红外活性之间的内在关系进行了讨论。并列出了锂锰尖晶石的红外光谱实验数据。通过理论分析,我们推断:位于618.6和501.5cm~(-1)的红外吸收带分别来源于Mn(Ⅳ)-O和Mn(Ⅲ)-O键在晶体中的不对称伸缩振动(单元为Mn(Ⅳ)O_6和Mn(Ⅲ)O_6八面体),位于1124cm~(-1)的弱红外吸收带来源于Li-O键的不对称伸缩(单元为LiO_4四面体)。还有一些低于400cm~(-1)的可能吸收带在400～4000cm~(-1)范围内未能检测到。这一结论的可靠性通过锂锰尖晶石和掺杂的锂锰尖晶石的红外光谱实验数据得到证实。     

Portable electro-optic device for performing serviceability check on IR guided missiles

Electro-optically guided weapons are the most potent and widely used munitions on land-based, aerial and ship-borne platforms because of their proven precision strike capability. Two such guided weapon categories include the IR guided surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles and laser guided bombs and missiles. The efficacy of the mission is critically dependent on the successful deployment of the weapon. This not only necessitates that periodic functionality check be carried out on these weapons, it should also be possible to perform functionality check also known as serviceability check even after they are strapped on to the launch platform. Serviceability check in the strap-on condition ensures a much higher hit probability. This paper presents the design and development of a portable electro-optic device that generates IR signatures in 3–5-μm band having the desired amplitude and spectral shape to match the IR signatures of target aircraft. A prototype was built using the proposed concept. The prototype was characterized in terms of its output amplitude and wavelength spectrum. The prototype was used to perform serviceability check on IR seekers of foreign origin. Test results are presented in the paper.     

一种基于纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪方法

提出了一种基于LBP（Local Binary Pattern)纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪方法,将LBP纹理特征集成到了核跟踪方法中.根据目标各区域对背景的区分能力不同,提出了目标各区域置信度的评价方法,用基于区域置信度及空间距离核加权的LBP特征概率密度函数,构造了目标及候选目标的特征模型.通过相似性度量,利用均值漂移方法实现了基于纹理特征的红外成像目标跟踪.实验结果验证了该算法在红外成像目标跟踪中较基于灰度的均值漂移跟踪算法更为鲁棒.     

Spectral band invariant wavelet-modified MACH filter

Filters synthesized with images of a specific spectral band in general fail to recognize targets in a different spectral band. In this paper, we therefore demonstrate the use of the wavelet-modified maximum average correlation height (WaveMACH) filter for automatic target recognition applications in both the visible and infrared (IR) spectral bands. As any input target appears different when imaged through two different sensors, i.e., a CCD or an IR camera, a WaveMACH filter synthesized using a CCD image shows no correlation with the image of the same target from an IR camera and vice-versa. Hence, separate filters are required to match the input targets from the two sensors. To avoid the synthesis and storage of separate filters, the images from CCD and IR camera are fused using Daubechies wavelet and then the rotation-invariant WaveMACH filter generated with the fused image. In all, 18 WaveMACH filters (each of 20° range) are required for in-plane rotation invariance in both the spectral bands for the full range of 0–360°. Computer simulation and experimental results implemented in hybrid digital–optical correlator architecture are shown for the proposed idea. The same filters have also been used to identify multiple targets in a scene. Performance measures like peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSR), peak correlation energy (PCE) and correlation peak intensity (CPI) have been calculated as metrics of goodness.     

可见光电视/红外成像复合寻的制导技术

复合导引头技术是实现精确制导的一种新技术途径，它比单一体制的导引头具有更高的精度和抗干扰能力。成像制导技术可以直接获取目标外形或基本结构等丰富的目标信息，能抑制背景干扰，可靠识别目标，是复合导引头技术的重要发展方向。分析了可见光电视/红外成像复合寻的制导技术的特点，介绍了国内外的装备现状，重点阐述了系统组成及其关键技术。在此基础上，给出了可见光电视/红外成像复合寻的制导的设计实例，预测了该技术的发展趋势。     

贵州罗甸玉红外光谱特征及意义

选取了罗甸玉中一些典型样品,在进行FT-IR测试的基础上,对罗甸玉中透闪石晶体内部结构基团的振动归属进行了探讨。罗甸玉的IR研究结果证实,罗甸玉矿物组成主要为透闪石,这与其他测试结果吻合。但罗甸玉中透辉石840～860 cm-1频率的吸收带的出现,这是在其他天然软玉的IR研究中未见报道的,也是罗甸玉矿物组成与其他软玉矿物组成的最大区别,为罗甸玉在成玉(即由透闪石岩向软玉转变)过程中残留透辉石所致,是揭示罗甸玉变质成因过程的重要矿物学证据,同时也表明罗甸玉的成玉过程与已发现的其他天然软玉相比存在一定差异,这一差异进一步揭示罗甸玉是一种新成因类型的软玉矿。     

红外动态图像生成技术概念研究

红外动态图像生成技术的基本概念包括基本术语及其定义。为了描述红外动态图像生成技术的特性,通常采用如光源类型、光谱波段、阵列规模、空间分辨率、填充因子、时间常数、帧频、闪烁、温度范围、串扰、均匀性、发射率、辐射对比度、动态范围、温度分辨率、调制传递函数、几何畸变及最大温度和最大辐射强度等概念。介绍了描述红外动态图像生成系统性能的基本概念的定义。转换器的指标定义对于转换器的设计和性能指标的测试都有重要的意义。     

一种新的热红外图像生成方法研究

针对目标与背景热红外辐射特性的描述是否精确将直接影响到红外导引头对目标的发现、识别和跟踪水平，在分析热红外图像再现技术原理的基础上，按照所需再现热图像的灰度分布特征制成相应透射水平的热图底片，提出了一种利用不同透射能力涂层生成热图像的方法。借助热红外图像再现实验和图像相关系数算法，证明该方法能较好地再现目标以及背景的热红外辐射特征和细节。它不仅可用于热红外导引头和热成像仪性能的检测及评估，同时也为军用目标的热红外隐真和示假方法提供了一种新的技术途径。     

Profile Shape of Absorption Spectra in the IR Spectra of Carbohydrates

In the IR spectra of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides, the profile shapes of eight absorption bands have been investigated. They turned out to be symmetric and very close to the dispersion one for all the bands considered. It has been found that in mono- and disaccharides the minimum halfwidth of the bands is 10 cm^–1 and in polysaccharides it is higher by a factor of two or more. The halfwidth ratios of different bands in one and the same spectrum can differ severalfold. As is shown, double differentiation of the IR spectra makes it possible to investigate the profile shape of absorption bands when there is marked background absorption or these bands significantly overlap with other bands.     

吡喃酮类化合物与镱配合物的红外和拉曼光谱研究

采用非水体系中牺牲金属阳极的电化学方法分别合成了稀土金属镱与 3 羟基黄酮及 3 羟基 2 甲基 γ 吡喃酮的配合物。对配合物进行了IR和Raman光谱测定。两种光谱提供了互为补充的信息 ,配体经配位后—OH的伸缩振动谱峰消失 ,部分相关的谱峰频率发生了明显位移 ,特别是羰基伸缩振动红移十分明显 ,在Raman光谱的低波数区间检测到可指认为金属和配体键合的伸缩振动。根据这两种光谱的研究结果推断了所得配合物的可能结构。     

Spin split-off transition based IR detectors operating at high temperatures

GaAs/AlGaAs based Heterojunction Interfacial Workfunction Internal Photoemission (HEIWIP) detectors were used to demonstrate experimental split-off response that is based on hole transitions between light/heavy hole bands and the split-off band (spin-orbit). Preliminary results indicate that, this detection mechanism is more efficient than free carrier mechanism for NIR operation. An unoptimized, GaAs/AlGaAs detector with a free carrier threshold wavelength of 20 μm showed a maximum operating temperature of 130 K for split-off response in the range 1.5–5 μm with a peak D^* of 1.0 × 10⁸ Jones. By adjusting the free carrier threshold to match the split-off threshold, it should be feasible to further increase the operating temperature. Analysis indicates that practical devices with properly optimized parameters are capable of achieving room temperature operation with higher specific detectivity. The possible ways to tailor the threshold, for the split-off response to different wavelength rangers using different materials such as phosphides and nitrites are also discussed.     

IR signature estimation of an object or a target by taking into account atmospheric effects

In this study, a reference infrared (IR) image of an object or a target was analyzed, and the IR signature was calculated. Background and atmospheric effects were decomposed so that the calculation errors were minimized. Depending on the reference IR image, the IR signature at any distance and any angle was estimated while considering atmospheric effects. Calculated results were obtained from IR images taken from the same distance and angle, and were compared with the estimated results. The comparison of the measured and calculated signatures demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method of estimation.     

Infrared small target enhancement based on variance difference

In surveillance and early warning systems, the enhancement of targets is a very important stage for the high reliability detection and tracking in Infrared images with complex backgrounds. In order to enhance small targets in an Infrared image and suppress the background clutter, consequently increasing the contrast between them, this paper proposes a method using a model for the target area with a three-layer patch-image model and based on the difference between the variance of the layers in the neighboring areas of the investigated pixel. Results of the experiments indicate that the proposed method is quite effective on the enhancement of small targets as well as suppression of the background clutter in IR images with a minimum false alarm rate. This is realized while the runtime of the proposed method is minimal compared to other commonly used methods, which makes it effective to be used in real time applications.     

目标红外波段辐射亮度差通用计算方法

在采用NETD计算红外热像仪的探测距离时,需要计算目标在热像仪探测波段范围内的辐射亮度差.提出了一种红外波段目标的辐射亮度差通用计算方法,可提高利用NETD计算热像仪作用距离的准确度.