自激脉冲喷嘴发生机理数值模拟

本文揭示了自激脉冲喷嘴产生自激振荡的根本原因。由于腔内产生了低于汽化压力的负压,引起低压区液体的汽化,加上射流不稳定剪切层的作用,最终形成大小周期性变化的轴对称空化气囊;对脉冲喷嘴腔内流场进行了二维非定常数值模拟,通过对腔内压力和流场的分析,验证了上述结论;试验研究通过对腔内压力的数据采集及对脉冲现象的同步观察,进一步说明了本文结论的正确性。     

自激脉冲射流喷嘴参数对装置能耗影响分析

为揭示喷嘴各参数变化对低压大流量自激振荡脉冲射流装置能耗的影响,本文借助数值模拟的方式,对自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的能耗问题进行了探讨,根据各结构参数和运行参数变化对腔内速度矢量场、腔内空化区形状即压力场、以及脉冲射流频率影响的分析结果,得到了如下论断:在合适的工况下,上喷嘴入口速度的降低将同比例降低下喷嘴出口的能量输出,上喷嘴压力提高与下喷嘴射流动能的增加成三倍关系.经过与试验结果对照,验证了这一结论,这一结果对于优化设计自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴,指导自激喷嘴工业化设计具有重要的价值.     

低压大流量自激脉冲空化射流试验研究

采用自行设计的自激脉冲空化射流喷嘴和试验测试系统进行了一系列低压大流量空化射流试验,得到了一组喷嘴结构参数,使得喷嘴在入口压力为0.95~1.13 MPa时能产生较为明显的脉冲效果。通过试验获得了随入口压力升高腔室内部流场变化规律,并对试验中喷嘴腔室内部压力突降现象进行分析。试验表明自激脉冲空化射流的打击力是连续射流的1.3~1.6倍。     

低压大流量自激脉冲空化射流试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用自行设计的自激脉冲空化射流喷嘴和试验测试系统进行了一系列低压大流量空化射流试验,得到了一组喷嘴结构参数,使得喷嘴在入口压力为0.95~1.13 MPa时能产生较为明显的脉冲效果。通过试验获得了随入口压力升高腔室内部流场变化规律,并对试验中喷嘴腔室内部压力突降现象进行分析。试验表明自激脉冲空化射流的打击力是连续射流的1.3~1.6倍。     

自激脉冲喷嘴装置试验研究

本文对自激脉冲射流喷嘴进行试验设计和数据分析,以自激频率、振幅以及打击力等作为响应函数,研究喷嘴结构与工作压力的配套关系。通过对自激频率和振幅的分析,揭示自激振荡腔内部周期性空化现象及其对自激脉冲形成的影响,从而从解释自激脉冲射流发生机理。根据试验数据,拟合打击力随参数变化的经验公式。最终得出工业应用中典型尺寸范围的自激脉冲喷嘴与自激频率及打击力的关系,为工业设计中的频域调制理论提供了试验数据。     

微型超高压宝石喷嘴内部的空化与磨损

宝石喷嘴是影响超高压水射流切割系统工作效率的重要部件,而宝石内部的空化直接影响射流的形成,也是宝石磨损的重要原因之一。对400 MPa压力范围内宝石孔内部的空化两相流进行了数值模拟,阐述了射流在宝石内的形成过程,分析了长径比、压力和入口形状对宝石内空化的影响,并在相应压力下对宝石喷嘴的磨损进行了实验研究。结果表明:宝石内部的空化发展程度随着长径比的增大而减弱;在一定的长径比范围内,空化可以发展到喷嘴出口,并最终使射流的初始直径小于喷嘴直径,且在此条件下当压力升高时,射流的初始直径增大;良好的入口形线可以降低空化的发展程度;宝石入口的磨损较出口更显著,空蚀和高压水的冲蚀造成了宝石孔边缘形状的破坏,这种破坏随着压力的升高而加剧,选择合适的长径比是减少冲蚀磨损的有效途径。     

基于大涡模拟的柴油机喷嘴内空化效应研究

针对柴油机喷射压力日渐增加及喷孔愈趋微细化背景下的喷嘴内部空化流动问题,基于大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)及混合均相流(Homogeneous Equilibrium Mixture,HEM)模型,对高压微细喷孔内空化流动进行了多维数值模拟研究。根据喷孔内部不同区域的流动的敏感性,运用变阿格技术建立了1/4喷嘴计算模型,并采用E.Winklhofer试验结果验证了数学模型的合理性。结果得出:超高喷射压力及微细喷孔条件下,喷孔内部空化层的演变速度极快;孔内空泡的溃灭过程促进了湍流涡团量的增加,内部湍流涡团密集区域与空化区域一致;小孔径下喷孔内部空化区域更为明显,空泡在出口处溃灭产生的流体微射流增强了出口处的湍流扰动强度,与内部空化的共同作用下有利于改善燃油的雾化质量。     

多喷嘴喷雾场数值模拟分析

本文建立了多喷嘴喷雾场的三维物理数学模型,运用欧拉-拉格朗日法对多喷嘴下的喷雾场进行了详细数值模拟,得到了双喷嘴及三喷嘴情况下喷射入口压力和流量变化对喷雾场内雾滴索太尔直径和雾滴速度的影响规律;并通过与单喷嘴情况进行对比,给出了喷嘴数目对喷雾场内雾滴速度及粒径大小分布的影响。     

离心压气机内部非定常流场的数值模拟

应用NUMECA软件对跨声速离心压气机级动静叶相互干涉形成的三维非定常粘性流场进行了数值模拟,给出了不同时刻叶片表面压力系数的变化曲线,不同时刻不同流向位置截面上速度沿流道宽度方向分布的变化曲线.模拟结果表明压力场和速度场的非定常特性主要表现在叶轮出口、径向间隙以及整个扩压器内.压力面上的非定常现象较吸力面上显著.     

自激振荡脉冲喷嘴结构参数配比试验研究

结构参数对自激振荡脉冲射流冲击效果存在着很大的影响,本文通过理论推导得出了自激喷嘴固有频率定性分析公式,并通过对上喷嘴直径为8-12.5 mm的低压大流量自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的系统试验研究,得到了其结构参数的最佳配比关系,并与以往文献介绍的高压小流量自激振荡脉冲喷嘴优化的结构参数配比相比较,根据定性公式分析引发差异的原因,结果对自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴结构的设计具有借鉴价值。     

Characteristics of cavitation onset and development in a self-excited fluidic oscillator

Hydrodynamic cavitation has been widely employed in modern chemical technology. A high-speed camera experiment is conducted to reveal the characteristics of hydrodynamic cavitation generated in one self-excited fluidic oscillator. The images obtained from the high-speed camera system are employed to describe several development stages of the hydrodynamic cavitation. The gray intensity of the images which is the volume of bubbles formed is extracted to distinguish the cavitation bubbles from the water. It is found that three regions in the fluidic oscillator could be divided according to the distance from the entrance. The inception of cavitation occurs in the region nearest the entrance. For a relatively low inlet flow rate, the whole process of cavitation could complete within the region that is the second nearest the entrance as a low pressure area appears periodically in this region. For a high inlet flow rate, the vortexes in the region farthest from the entrance are able to generate sufficient low pressures to induce the generation of cavitation. In addition, the intensity of cavitation could be reflected by the cavitation number in a self-excited fluidic oscillator.     

柴油机喷嘴入口圆角对线空化影响的试验研究

柴油机喷嘴内的线空化是一种呈现线状形态的特殊空化现象,具有高瞬态性。本文利用自搭建的稳态试验台,设计了双孔min-SAC比例放大喷嘴。并在稳定喷射压力和固定针阀升程条件下开展了试验研究。研究表明,随着喷射压差的升高,喷嘴内部线空化程度随之增加;喷孔入口圆角会影响喷嘴内部涡旋运动,进而影响线空化的分布特征;在高针阀升程下,几何诱导空化对线空化有促进作用;当喷孔入口存在倒圆角时,喷嘴内几何诱导空化被明显抑制,线空化分布特征明显不同。     

Investigation on Rijke pipe＇s acoustic characteristics by numerical simulation： modeling the pulsing flow field coupled the inner of pipe with its outer space

Based on the results of fluid dynamics, heat transfer and acoustics, a Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） method was utilized to study the acoustic characteristics and self-excited pulsation mechanism inside a Rijke pipe. To avoid settling the irrational boundary conditions of the finite-amplitude standing wave in the Rijke thermo-acoustic system, the simulation modeling in the flow field, which coupled the inner of pipe with its outer space, was carried out to replace the traditional way in form of internal flow field numerical investigations. A hypothesis for heat source in energy equation including the relationship on unsteady heat of air around heat source, oscillation pressure and oscillation velocity was presented. To reflect the essence of Rijke pipe, simulation on self-excited oscillation was conducted by means of its own pulsation of pressure, velocity and temperature. This method can make the convergence process steady and effectively avoid divergence. The physical phenomenon of the self-excited Rijke pipe was analyzed. Moreover, the mechanisms on the Rijke pipe＇s self-excited oscillation were explained. Based on this method, comparative researches on the acoustic characteristic of the Rijke pipe with different size and different shape of nozzle were performed. The simulation results agreed with the experimental data satisfactorily. The results show that this numerical simulation can be used to study the sound pressure of nozzle for the engineering application of Rijke pipes.     

高电流低气压等离子体阴极电子枪设计与实验

 设计了一种新型的高功率低气压等离子体电子枪。基于空心阴极效应和低压辉光放电原理与经验，确定了空心阴极、加速间隙、工作气压范围等。提出关于等离子体阴极电子枪产生高功率、高密度电子束源的整体方案。分别在连续馈气和脉冲馈气条件下进行实验测试，得到放电电流、收集极电流与气压、脉宽及调制器电压的关系。实验获得电子枪的典型放电电流为150~200 A，脉宽60 μs；传输电子束达到30~80 A，脉宽60 μs。该结果表明该新型等离子体阴极电子枪可以取代材料阴极作为大电流、长脉冲电子束源，特别适用于等离子体加载微波管。     

Novel cavitation fluid jet polishing process based on negative pressure effects

Traditional abrasive fluid jet polishing (FJP) is limited by its high-pressure equipment, unstable material removal rate, and applicability to ultra-smooth surfaces because of the evident air turbulence, fluid expansion, and a large polishing spot in high-pressure FJP. This paper presents a novel cavitation fluid jet polishing (CFJP) method and process based on FJP technology. It can implement high-efficiency polishing on small-scale surfaces in a low-pressure environment. CFJP uses the purposely designed polishing equipment with a sealed chamber, which can generate a cavitation effect in negative pressure environment. Moreover, the collapse of cavitation bubbles can spray out a high-energy microjet and shock wave to enhance the material removal. Its feasibility is verified through researching the flow behavior and the cavitation results of the negative pressure cavitation machining of pure water in reversing suction flow. The mechanism is analyzed through a computational fluid dynamics simulation. Thus, its cavitation and surface removal mechanisms in the vertical CFJP and inclined CFJP are studied. A series of polishing experiments on different materials and polishing parameters are conducted to validate its polishing performance compared with FJP. The maximum removal depth increases, and surface roughness gradually decreases with increasing negative outlet pressures. The surface becomes smooth with the increase of polishing time. The experimental results confirm that the CFJP process can realize a high material removal rate and smooth surface with low energy consumption in the low-pressure environment, together with compatible surface roughness to FJP.     

围压条件下空化磨料射流的冲蚀特性与机制分析

 磨料射流在水利水电、石油工程和海洋资源开发等领域有着广泛的应用,研究射流的冲蚀特性和破坏物料机制对提高水射流利用效率具有重要意义。利用自行研制的实验装置,研究了围压条件下自振空化、文丘里和锥形3种喷嘴形成的磨料射流冲蚀特性,分析了空化磨料射流冲蚀物料的机制。结果表明：自振空化喷嘴和文丘里喷嘴的冲蚀效果优于锥形喷嘴,空化作用有助于提高磨料射流的冲蚀效果;磨料射流的冲蚀效率随围压的增大而降低,主要原因是围压对纯水射流和空化磨料射流的压力脉动和冲击力具有抑制作用。分析认为,空化磨料射流冲蚀破碎物料的机制主要包括冲蚀、气蚀和共混磨蚀3 种作用。     

Activation of cells in a cavitation flow

A cavitation flow in an expanding nozzle is numerically simulated. The cavitation activation of cells is studied experimentally.     

薄膜自激拍打射流的流动特性实验

在射流喷嘴出口处安装一端固定的柔性薄膜,在流速足够大时,射流和柔性膜相互诱导产生自激拍打作用,针对这一现象,提出了一种新型的自激拍打射流混合技术。在直径D=40 mm的渐缩喷嘴上固定长度L=(0.5~2)D和厚度δ=50 μm的氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物(fluorinated ethylene propylene,FEP)薄膜,使用压差计测量了光滑渐缩喷嘴以及薄膜拍打运动所引起的压力损失。通过激光片光源和高速相机进行薄膜运动状态的显示和拍打幅度的测定,探究了拍打幅度受薄膜长度和Re的影响及其变化规律,利用测得的拍打幅度(A)和频率(f)作为Strouhal数(St=fA/U_o,U_o是射流的出口速度)的特征尺寸进行研究。在Re=3×104的条件下,使用热线风速仪测量了在不同薄膜长度下拍打射流轴向速度沿中心线的分布,并对湍流度、概率密度函数等特征进行分析。此外,经过数字迭代滤波后获得射流沿中心线的积分尺度、Taylor尺度和Kolmogorov尺度等统计量。实验结果显示,拍打射流的湍流度高于自由射流,意味着前者对周围流体具有更强的大尺度卷吸能力;但对不同薄膜长度的拍打射流而言,其湍流特性存在差异;在实验所用的薄膜长度范围内,1.25D膜长时射流混合效果最好。通过考察概率密度函数及其偏斜因子(Su)和平坦因子(Fu)发现,相较于自由射流,拍打射流速度更快地接近Gauss分布,这意味着拍打射流在增强大尺度卷吸的同时也促进了小尺度的掺混。