浅析ETA物理认知模型在中学物理习题教学中的应用

物理习题教学是中学物理教学的重要环节,能够帮助学生提高运用物理知识解决实际问题的能力.基于ETA物理认知模型,针对理论物理认知题型、实验物理认知到理论物理认知题型和应用物理认知题型3类题型的习题特点,总结出每类题型具体的应对策略.在习题教学过程中教师需要强化学生的物理基本知识和理论,帮助学生做好从实践到构建物理模型的过渡,引导学生做好理论与实际生活联系,为提升习题教学的有效性提供参考.     

中学物理实验仪器研制空白及其填补设想

物理新课程改革的理念指出：“要重视与加强物理实验教学，积极培养学生的创新创造能力，全面推进素质教育．”中学物理实验仪器是推进物理课程改革、加强物理实验教学的必备条件．随着各地办学条件的不断完善，中学物理实验仪器的研制开发工程也取得了令人瞩目的成绩；品种丰富，外形美观，与现代科技发展紧密联系，方便实用等诸多特点，有效地促进了中学物理教学质量的稳步提高．但根据笔者多年的物理实验教学经验，现今的物理实验仪器在研制开发工作中仍存在一些“空白”，大多数学校又缺乏生产这些专用教学仪器的设备和技术，这无疑会给物理实验教学带来一定的困难与影响．下面谈些笔者想到的一些问题和建议，以期引起中学教学仪器研制人员与物理教师的重视和支持，使这些问题早日得以解决．     

谈高职物理教学与素质教育

变应试教育为素质教育，是当前不可阻挡的潮流；在教学中必须注重学生能力的培养，已成为老师们的共识．然而，能力培养的关键何在？在日常物理教学中如何进行能力的培养？对于这些问题，不同的教师有不同的看法．本文想就执教新版高职物理教材《技术物理基础》（教育部高职高专规划教材，主编：陈永涛，华东师范大学出版社出版，下称新版教材）时的一些体会谈谈笔者对在物理教学中进行素质教育这一问题的一些看法．     

物理教学中实施科学方法教育的途径

在中学物理教学中，对学生进行科学方法教育是素质教育的基本要求，也是物理新课程三维目标的要求之一；它有利于提高学生的科学素质，有利于培养创新型人才，有利于培养学生分析和解决实际问题的能力．     

原始物理问题与传统习题设计的对比研究

原始物理问题较之传统习题能更好地促进学生综合能力的提高, 越来越受到教育者的关注, 本文从设 计意图、 呈现方式、 解决方法3个方面对原始物理问题和传统习题进行比较, 以帮助促进原始物理问题在中学物理 教学中的广泛应用     

大学与中学物理解题方法的比较教学

刚进人大学学习普通物理的学生，往往感觉大学普通物理习题与中学物理习题相似．他们难于适应利用普通物理教科书中的理论及高等数学的方法解题，而惯于中学建立的解题思路和方法．结果迟迟难以建立一套系统严谨的分析问题、解决问题的思维方式，遇到稍难的题，他们就无所适从，难于下手．要解决学生的这种思维障碍，教学中最好选择一些学生在中学中常见的典型习题，用中学常用的解题方法与大学物理的解题方式进行比较，引导     

中学物理习题课教学的三板斧

习题课是一种重要的课型,习题课教学的成败关系到学生解决实际问题能力的培养,与考试的成绩成正相关,因此受到了每一位老师的重视,本文结合笔者的教学实践,归纳出了提升中学物理习题教学有效性的几个重要环节,望能对中学物理习题教学起到一定的指导作用。     

重视中学物理教学中定性和半定量分析法

中学物理教学中要注重培养学生对物理问题进行定性和半定量分析的意识和能力．     

搭建台阶搞好物理习题教学

习题教学是中学物理教学必不可少的一个环节,是增强对物理概念、规律理解和掌握的重要手段。但在习题教学中,如果不注重基础,选题不能明确重点,解题后又不能及时拓展导致缺乏必要的知识点的迁移,就容易使学生丧失解决问题的信心和学习的乐趣,习题教学不但不能取得良好的效果,而且会大大加重学生的负担。笔者认为要搞好物理习题教学,必须搭建适合学生学情的台阶,帮助学生构建完整的知识体系,切实提高学生解决实际问题的能力。     

学生独立思考能力的培养

在近几年物理高考考试说明中明确指出“把能力考核放在首要位置”，为了提高学生素质，提高物理教学质量，在教学中必须培养学生的能力．而在物理高考中所要考查的能力有五种，笔者认为在中学物理中首先要培养学生的独立思考能力．不善于独立思考，各方面具体能力的培养将受到极大影响，也不可能有效地运用各方面的能力，独立地去分析解决问题＋如一些学生在解题时不会独立处理问题，这不是由于题目做得少，而是平时缺乏独立思考能力的训练和习惯．高中物理教学中怎样培养学生的独立思考的能力呢？     

Physics Without Physics

David Finkelstein was very fond of the new information-theoretic paradigm of physics advocated by John Archibald Wheeler and Richard Feynman. Only recently, however, the paradigm has concretely shown its full power, with the derivation of quantum theory (Chiribella et al., Phys. Rev. A 84:012311, 2011; D’Ariano et al., 2017) and of free quantum field theory (D’Ariano and Perinotti, Phys. Rev. A 90:062106, 2014; Bisio et al., Phys. Rev. A 88:032301, 2013; Bisio et al., Ann. Phys. 354:244, 2015; Bisio et al., Ann. Phys. 368:177, 2016) from informational principles. The paradigm has opened for the first time the possibility of avoiding physical primitives in the axioms of the physical theory, allowing a re-foundation of the whole physics over logically solid grounds. In addition to such methodological value, the new information-theoretic derivation of quantum field theory is particularly interesting for establishing a theoretical framework for quantum gravity, with the idea of obtaining gravity itself as emergent from the quantum information processing, as also suggested by the role played by information in the holographic principle (Susskind, J. Math. Phys. 36:6377, 1995; Bousso, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74:825, 2002). In this paper I review how free quantum field theory is derived without using mechanical primitives, including space-time, special relativity, Hamiltonians, and quantization rules. The theory is simply provided by the simplest quantum algorithm encompassing a countable set of quantum systems whose network of interactions satisfies the three following simple principles: homogeneity, locality, and isotropy. The inherent discrete nature of the informational derivation leads to an extension of quantum field theory in terms of a quantum cellular automata and quantum walks. A simple heuristic argument sets the scale to the Planck one, and the currently observed regime where discreteness is not visible is the so-called “relativistic regime” of small wavevectors, which holds for all energies ever tested (and even much larger), where the usual free quantum field theory is perfectly recovered. In the present quantum discrete theory Einstein relativity principle can be restated without using space-time in terms of invariance of the eigenvalue equation of the automaton/walk under change of representations. Distortions of the Poincaré group emerge at the Planck scale, whereas special relativity is perfectly recovered in the relativistic regime. Discreteness, on the other hand, has some plus compared to the continuum theory: 1) it contains it as a special regime; 2) it leads to some additional features with GR flavor: the existence of an upper bound for the particle mass (with physical interpretation as the Planck mass), and a global De Sitter invariance; 3) it provides its own physical standards for space, time, and mass within a purely mathematical adimensional context. The paper ends with the future perspectives of this project, and with an Appendix containing biographic notes about my friendship with David Finkelstein, to whom this paper is dedicated.     

物理竞赛中的物理图象

图象处理法是物理竞赛中常用的处理方法,主要表现在图象的"面积"与图象的交点两个方面.     

Chinese Physics C(Formerly High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics)

<正>Monthly,founded in 1977Published monthly in hard copy by Science Press and online by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(domestic)and by IOP Publishing,Temple Circus,Temple Way,Bristol BS1 6HG,UK(international).     

Physics Needs Philosophy. Philosophy Needs Physics

Contrary to claims about the irrelevance of philosophy for science, I argue that philosophy has had, and still has, far more influence on physics than is commonly assumed. I maintain that the current anti-philosophical ideology has had damaging effects on the fertility of science. I also suggest that recent important empirical results, such as the detection of the Higgs particle and gravitational waves, and the failure to detect supersymmetry where many expected to find it, question the validity of certain philosophical assumptions common among theoretical physicists, inviting us to engage in a clearer philosophical reflection on scientific method.