高场核磁共振的数字正交检波方法

在核磁共振中,常规的正交检测技术采用两路相敏检波.因为两路相检波的相位和幅度存在不平衡而引起谱失真,所以必须用相位循环来消除.这增加了实验时间.本文提出并在MSL-300 NMR谱仪上实现了一种数字正交检波方法.这种方法使用单路相检波,避免了两路不平衡而引起的谱线失真,因此不需要相位循环技术     

DIGITAL QUADRATURE DETECTION IN HIGH FIELD NMR

在核磁共振中,常规的正交检测技术采用两路相敏检波.因为两路相检波的相位和幅度存在不平衡而引起谱失真,所以必须用相位循环来消除.这增加了实验时间.本文提出并在MSL-300 NMR谱仪上实现了一种数字正交检波方法.这种方法使用单路相检波,避免了两路不平衡而引起的谱线失真,因此不需要相位循环技术.     

基于掩膜的光场成像仿真及采样研究

从原理上分析了掩膜的光场成像特点,通过建立光场成像的计算机仿真模型,模拟四维光场的获取,并通过数字对焦算法获得离焦物体的清晰图像.同时利用采样定理分析了孔径采样密度对数字对焦图像的影响,计算出合适的采样间隔对仿真模型的复杂度进行优化.     

基于掩膜的光场成像仿真及采样研究

从原理上分析了掩膜的光场成像特点,通过建立光场成像的计算机仿真模型,模拟四维光场的获取,并通过数字对焦算法获得离焦物体的清晰图像.同时利用采样定理分析了孔径采样密度对数字对焦图像的影响,计算出合适的采样间隔对仿真模型的复杂度进行优化.     

数字正交检测与过采样技术的结合

详细讨论了数字正交检测与过采样技术的结合问题.结果表明,通过同时改变采样频率和射频激发与参考的频率差,采集到的NMR数据经过一次数字滤波即可完成数字正交检测和过采样的数据处理过程.从而使得总的数据处理过程能够在大多数情况下在等待磁化矢量恢复的时间内完成.     

用于低场磁共振成像的直接射频采样数字接收机

提出一种用于低场磁共振成像谱仪的数字接收机的设计. 它基于直接射频采样技术,本文详细讨论了其设计过程. 实验结果表明,设计的数字接收机具有结构简单、性能优良和实用性较强的特点.     

双相正交数字相敏检波方案在光学监控中的应用与仿真

提出了采用双相正交数字相敏检波(DPSD)方案设计数字锁相放大器(DLIA)代替传统模拟锁相放大器,并应用到了真空镀膜光学监控系统(OMS)中。针对信噪比(SNRI)和相位延时对方案进行了仿真分析。结果证实了双相正交PSD方案的可行性。由于在输入信号采样频率一定时,OMS精度和实时性之间存在矛盾关系,所以应尽量提高输入信号采样频率以获得高的SNRI。在DLIA中采用低阶滤波器和较高截止频率还可以减轻输出波形过冲效应的影响。     

带微处理器的再生式14N NQR谱仪

本文介绍一种用场效应管制成的限幅再生式¹⁴N NQR谱仪。这种谱仪的频率范围为(1-5) MHz,射频幅度(0.5-4) V_P-P,为了获得数字记录的NQR谱线,利用微处理器Z-80构成的数字相敏检波系统,把数字相敏检波系统接至信号处理通道,就构成一台带有微处理器的¹⁴N NQR谱仪。用它测定了乌洛托品(HMT)、亚硝酸钠和对位澳代苯胺等十多个含氯化合物在室温与77K时的¹⁴N NQR谱线。实验结果表明,用微处理器控制的NQR谱仪的信噪比是一般谱仪的两倍。此外,这种仪器也为进一步数据处理提供方便。     

Lorenz系统族采样同步研究

从对连续时间混沌系统进行数字测量的角度，提出了连续时间混沌系统的采样同步问题. 利用控制理论的结果，设计了Lorenz系统族的采样同步系统. 仅需测量一个状态分量，就可在采样时刻实现同步. 数值模拟例证了同步的性能. 关键词： 混沌同步 Lorenz系统族 采样同步     

增强采样分子动力学模拟在生物分子研究中的进展

分子动力学模拟能够描述蛋白质分子在行使生物学功能过程中涉及的构象变化,已发展成为中物学研究中重要的计算工具.由于生物分子的构象分布存在崎岖的自由能面,在较为复杂的生物体系的模拟中,传统的分子动力学模拟的构象采样能力受到极大限制,模拟的时间尺度与真实的生物学过程之间仍存在差距.增强采样是解决这一问题的有效手段.本文综述了两类增强采样方法即约束型和无约束型增强采样算法的理论基础、最新进展及其在生物分子中的典型应用,同时也简要总结了组合型增强采样算法近些年的发展.     

基于AD607芯片的核磁共振模拟接收机

核磁共振波谱和核磁共振成像技术（MRI）已经成为一种广泛应用于物理、化学、材料、生物医学等领域的重要研究工具和医疗诊断手段,但是仪器复杂、价格昂贵. 本文提出了一种改进的基于AD607芯片的模拟接收机设计. 相对于传统的模拟接收机,此设计可以减少接收机使用的外围器件的数量,从而简化设备. 而相对于全数字接收机,本文提出的设计结构简单,并且可以工作在较高的频率. 文章最后给出了核磁共振成像实验的结果.     

基于异构双核的磁共振接收机的设计

提出了基于异构双核的低场核磁共振(Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,low-field NMR)接收机的设计,具有ARM(Adanced RISC Machines)和现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)先进的异构双核结构、高速的模数转换器(Analog to Digital Converter,ADC)采集、增益的可控以及可视化显示等特性,提高了整个系统的性能指标.设计中采用Xilinx公司的系统开发工具System Generator来实现内部信号处理功能.实验结果表明,数字接收机具有结构紧凑、可重构性强、采样速率高和成本低等特点,并且增益的可控使接收机获得了较大的动态范围,提高了重建图像的信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR).     

基于USB总线的一体化核磁共振谱仪控制台

针对台式核磁共振谱仪便携化、小型化的发展趋势，开发了一套基于USB总线的一体化核磁共振谱仪控制台，将控制/通讯部分、脉冲序列控制部分、射频发射部分与信号接收部分集成于一卡，并可实现两种工作模式. 工作模式1：系统基于USB与一台个人计算机通讯，由计算机控制来完成从对谱仪的实时控制到数据处理及显示的所有任务；工作模式2：系统由集成的微处理器控制，不需要计算机的参与，独立完成整个工作进程. 本文详细介绍了该谱仪控制台的设计思路和硬件结构，给出了常规NMR序列的实验结果.     

磁共振成像数字谱仪的射频发射/接收通道相位相干性的研究

讨论了一种在核磁共振成像数字谱仪中保证射频发射机与接收机之间射频信号相位相干的方法,该方法在成像脉冲序列执行过程中,同步切换发射机与接收机的频率,并在脉冲序列最后,将发射和接收频率恢复到脉冲序列最初的频率值,从而实现发射与接收的信号相干,其优点是无需加入额外的"回绕延时",从而使得脉冲序列的编写得到简化,并且该方法不依赖于磁共振谱仪发射机和接收机硬件部分的具体结构,是适用于数字化谱仪的一种普遍的方法.     

OPENCORE NMR: open-source core modules for implementing an integrated FPGA-based NMR spectrometer

A tool kit for implementing an integrated FPGA-based NMR spectrometer [K. Takeda, A highly integrated FPGA-based nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 (2007) 033103], referred to as the OPENCORE NMR spectrometer, is open to public. The system is composed of an FPGA chip and several peripheral boards for USB communication, direct-digital synthesis (DDS), RF transmission, signal acquisition, etc. Inside the FPGA chip have been implemented a number of digital modules including three pulse programmers, the digital part of DDS, a digital quadrature demodulator, dual digital low-pass filters, and a PC interface. These FPGA core modules are written in VHDL, and their source codes are available on our website. This work aims at providing sufficient information with which one can, given some facility in circuit board manufacturing, reproduce the OPENCORE NMR spectrometer presented here. Also, the users are encouraged to modify the design of spectrometer according to their own specific needs. A home-built NMR spectrometer can serve complementary roles to a sophisticated commercial spectrometer, should one comes across such new ideas that require heavy modification to hardware inside the spectrometer. This work can lower the barrier of building a handmade NMR spectrometer in the laboratory, and promote novel and exciting NMR experiments.     

PIC microcontroller based external fast analog to digital converter to acquire wide-lined solid NMR spectra by BRUKER DRX and Avance-I spectrometers

Concerning many former liquid or hybrid liquid/solid NMR consoles, the built in Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are incapable of digitizing the fids at sampling rates in the MHz range. Regarding both strong anisotropic interactions in the solid state and wide chemical shift dispersion nuclei in solution phase such as ¹⁹⁵Pt, ¹¹⁹Sn, ²⁰⁷Pb etc., the spectrum range of interest might be in the MHz range. As determining the informative tensor components of anisotropic NMR interactions requires nonlinear fitting over the whole spectrum including the asymptotic baseline, it is prohibited by low sampling rates of the ADCs. Wide spectrum width is also useful in solution NMR, since windowing of wide chemical shift ranges is avoidable. We built an external analog to digital converter with 10 MHz maximal sampling rate, which can work simultaneously with the built in ADC of the spectrometer. The ADC was tested on both Bruker DRX and Avance-I NMR consoles. In addition to the analog channels it only requires three external digital lines of the NMR console. The ADC sends data to PC via USB. The whole process is controlled by software written in JAVA which is implemented under TopSpin.     

High-resolution positron lifetime measurement using ultra fast digitizers Acqiris DC211

This work demonstrates that a significant improvement of the timing resolution, simultaneously keeping coincidence count rate high enough, can be achieved by use of the state-of-the-art ultra fast 8-bit digitizers which replace the traditional analog timing modules. Performance of the digital spectrometer in conditions of a routine measurement is compared with that of the same detectors connected to the analog setup. It was found that employment of the digital setup leads to an improvement of timing resolution from 169 ps for the traditional analog setup down to 146 ps for the digital setup.     

Advantages of digital phase-sensitive detection for upgrading an obsolete CW EPR spectrometer

The replacement of the commonly used analog phase-sensitive detection (PSD) by digital PSD for demodulation of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals is suggested for upgrading of an out-of-date EPR spectrometer. Connection of the microwave bridge output to a fast analog-digital converter (ADC) eliminates some of the spectrometer’s components: the electronics responsible for analog PSD, ADC for sampling of demodulated signals, and a computer, as well as the usage of some of the spectrometer’s settings. The spectrometer is reduced to a magnet, microwave bridge, and personal computer containing an ADC board. EPR signals digitized for a set of magnetic field positions form a two-dimensional array which is stored in a personal computer. Demodulation and filtering are done numerically to produce a conventional EPR spectrum. In comparison with analog PSD, this numerical approach does not eliminate the out-of-phase component of the signal and the signals at the higher harmonics of the modulation frequency. The details of modernizing the Bruker ER200E SRC EPR spectrometer are discussed to demonstrate these and other advantages of digital demodulation.     

Noise reduction by dynamic signal preemphasis

In this work we propose an approach to reduce the digitization noise for a given dynamic range, i.e., the number of bits, of an analog to digital converter used in an NMR receiver. In this approach, the receiver gain is dynamically increased so that the free induction decay is recorded in such an emphasized way that the decaying signal is digitized using as many number of bits as possible, and at the stage of data processing, the original signal profile is restored by applying the apodization that compensates the effect of the preemphasis. This approach, which we call APodization after Receiver gain InCrement during Ongoing sequence with Time (APRICOT), is performed in a solid-state system containing a pair of (13)C spins, one of which is fully isotopically labeled and the other is naturally abundant. It is demonstrated that the exceedingly smaller peak buried in the digitization noise in the conventional approach can be revealed by employing APRICOT.     

核磁共振波谱仪接收机的设计与实现

介绍了液体高分辨率核磁共振波谱仪接收机的设计. 接收机以PCI-104为控制器实现网络通信与采样流程控制,通过FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array, 现场可编程门阵列）实现数字中频接电路的控制和数据处理,简化了硬件结构;通过在接收机中引入脉冲序列生成器,产生接收机所需的采样控制信号,降低接收机与系统其他模块的耦合度. 最后组成500 MHz核磁共振波谱仪实现核磁共振信号的检测.