基于长周期光纤光栅折射率敏感特性的混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀监测

研究了长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)谐振透射光谱对外界环境折射率变化的敏感特性,在此基础上提出了将混凝土内部钢筋周围环境折射率与LPFG光谱特性相结合的理论,设计了一种基于折射率测量的LPFG钢筋锈蚀监测传感器.采用LPFG透射光谱枪测技术,获取钢筋锈蚀过程中混凝土内部不同折射率环境所对应的LPFG透射光谱曲线族,进而得到...     

双长周期光栅调制的光纤光栅光谱分析及其在智能结构监测中的应用

提出一种双长周期光栅(LPFG)调制光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器光谱的方法。双LPFG是由两个中心波长一致的LPFG构成,FBG反射光谱位于双LPFG透射光谱的线性范围内。在对FBG及双LPFG光谱分析的基础上,利用双LPFG的带阻滤波特性,获得FBG反射光经双LPFG调制后的出射光谱并进行分析。将FBG粘贴于钢梁表面,当钢梁产生弯曲应变时,FBG光谱的中心波长发生偏移,经双LPFG调制的FBG光谱的峰值随之变化,引起双LPFG出射光强的变化。采用光电探测器监测经双LPFG调制后FBG的输出光强,得滤波后光强与FBG中心波长变化成线性关系,可探测的材料(钢梁)最小应变为1.05 με。将该方案应用于光纤智能结构冲击监测中,采用摆锤冲击法对四边固支碳纤维板(CFP)试件进行冲击,利用FBG测量板结构的冲击响应信号,系统采集到的动态信号时域波形及频谱与电涡流位移计的测量结果吻合得很好, 实验结果表明采用该调制、解调方案测量结构的冲击响应是可行的。研究结果为FBG在光纤智能结构动态监测领域提供了实验参考。     

基于长周期光纤光栅的FBG解调方法北大核心CSCD

研究了基于长周期光纤光栅(long-period fiber gratings,LPFG)的光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratings,FBG)解调方法,该方法利用LPFG的透射谱作为边沿滤波器解调FBG,其解调性能主要取决于LPFG的透射光谱深度。详细分析了CO_(2)激光写制法对透射光谱的影响,制作了透射光谱深度为25 dB的LPFG,并采用该光栅搭建了FBG解调装置,将FBG粘贴于金属应变片表面,测试了其静态与动态响应特征。实验结果表明:该方法制作简单,成本低,具有较好的线性动态范围,可以实现较高灵敏度的FBG解调。     

一种双段多层长周期光纤光栅光谱特性研究

长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)传感器具有非常广泛的应用价值,而有效解决物理量交叉敏感问题是其实用化的关键。基于LPFG对包层外介质折射率和厚度的敏感性,提出一种双段多层折射率横向分布结构的新型LPFG传感器的设计,并利用耦合模理论和传输矩阵方法分析了镀膜材料折射率、膜层厚度和镀层长度对新型LPFG传感器光谱特性的影响。软件仿真结果证明,这种LPFG由于结构设计上的特殊性,将使LPFG的谐振峰发生分裂,即一个透射峰分裂为两个。由于两个分裂峰对应力和温度的灵敏度不同,利用该结构的LPFG作为传感器,可以实现温度、应力等物理量的同步测量,从而解决LPFG传感器的交叉敏感问题。     

涂有半导体气敏薄膜的长周期光纤光栅气敏传感特性理论分析

首先利用耦合模理论研究了长周期光纤光栅LPFG折射率敏感特性,数值计算了长周期光纤光栅透射谱谐振波长与环境介质折射率的关系。其次分析了半导体氧化物气敏膜光学特性机理,当气体与薄膜接触时,气体会使敏感膜的消光系数、吸收系数和相应的折射率发生变化。基于上述两点,提出可将气敏膜涂于光栅表面,利用气敏膜的折射率随环境气体成分和浓度变化而变化的特性,从而影响LPFG透射谱谐振波长的变化,通过检测波长的变化达到探测气体成分和浓度的目的。由于长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的灵敏度高于光纤,且其传感信号属于波长调制,测量信号不受光强波动及光纤损耗的影响,因此其灵敏度比强度型光纤气体传感器高。     

基于长周期光纤光栅谐振光谱调制的氨氮降解监测研究

从长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)谐振透射光谱随外界环境折射率变化敏感特性的角度,详细研究了LPFG氨氮降解监测传感器的工作原理,分析了LPFG谐振峰波长与氨氮溶液浓度之间的对应关系.采用LPFG透射光谱检测技术,获得7种不同浓度氨氮溶液所对应的LPFG透射光谱曲线族,其谐振峰波长随溶液浓度的增大而逐渐向长波方向偏移,波长变化量从2.707 nm减至0.068 nm,且变化量与溶液浓度值呈良好的对应关系,其响应度为52.78 pm·mg-1·L.通过监测LPF-G光谱变化获取氨氮溶液的浓度,进而判断氨氮溶液的降解过程及程度.该方法对溶液直接进行监测,简单易行,测量及传导光路实现全光纤化,无需化学试剂标记,可实现对氨氮溶液降解过程的在线、精确及远距离遥测.     

基于长周期光纤光栅和保偏光纤Sagnac环光谱特性的温度与应变测量研究

提出并研制了一种结构简单、成本低廉的温度与应变同时测量系统,其结构是在保偏光纤Sagnac环内接入一个长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)。利用LPFG对保偏光纤Sagnac环的透射光谱进行调制,通过监测谐振峰波长和强度的变化,发现波长随温度和保偏光纤的应变变化,强度随LPFG的应变变化,因此可以实现温度与应变的区分测量,并且可判断出应变的施加位置。实验得到该系统的温度灵敏度为0.181 81 nm·℃-1,LPFG区的应变灵敏度为0.005 283 dB·με-1,保偏光纤Sagnac环区的应变灵敏度为0.015 72 nm·με-1。实验结果表明该方案可行,并具有一定的实用性。     

基于PCF-LPG的差分算法实现对光纤传感器的噪音消除

为了有效消除光源抖动及系统不稳定因素给光纤传感器带来的噪音干扰,提高光纤传感器的准确度,本文提出了一种基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的差分算法.利用光子晶体光纤长周期光栅良好的温度稳定性及宽光谱滤波特性,同时监测位于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅透射谱正负斜率线性区域内的两个信号功率变化.这两个信号是经同一路径到监测设备的,包含光...     

基于双峰谐振效应的镀金属长周期光纤光栅液体浓度传感器

利用长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)中的双峰谐振效应,结合表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器的高灵敏度,提出了一种新型镀金属光纤光栅液体浓度传感器.采用双包层结构模型和耦合模理论,分析r镀金属长周期光纤光栅双峰效应的谐振特性,环境折射率的传感特性以及金属膜厚对双峰LPFG灵敏度的影响.实验上制作了具有双峰效应的镀银膜长周期光纤...     

长周期光纤光栅弯曲传感特性

基于耦合模理论和微扰近似,研究了长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)弯曲传感特性与弯曲曲率及光栅结构参数(光栅长度和栅格周期)之间的关系.当弯曲曲率增大到某一值时,一个透射峰分裂为两个,两个分裂峰的谐振波长与弯曲曲率的变化关系呈二次曲线关系,与栅格周期成反比变化,而与光栅长度基本无关.利用B-Ge共掺单模光纤制作的LPFG证实了理论的正确性,且具有很好的重复性.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.