纳米铜团簇扩散性质研究

本文通过分子动力学模拟研究了纳米铜团簇的自扩散性质,结果表明Nc8949铜团簇自扩散系数随温度的升高而增大,在温度为1000 K时纳米铜团簇的扩散系数随团簇半径的倒数基本呈线性增加.同时指出在常温下团簇几乎无扩散行为,而某些文献中关于常温下晶粒扩散分子动力学模拟结果是模拟体系宏观转动造成的虚假现象.?     

Diffusion Dynamics of Cux Cluster on Cu(111) Surface

利用分子动力学与修正分析型嵌入原子模型研究了从200K至800 K范围内,Cux (1·x·8)小团簇在(111)面的自扩散动力学行为,计算了Cu小团簇的扩散系数与激活能. 计算结果表明,密排的Cu7团簇的激活能最高,其扩散前因子比单个吸附原子的高3个数量级,这与其他类似金属的实验结果一致. 另外,还定量讨论了薄膜生长与团簇扩散的关系.     

金属钛中氦团簇融合的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学方法研究了金属钛中氦的扩散聚集行为.在300—800K的温度范围内,模拟了钛基底中氦团簇之间的融合过程.研究发现,温度的升高会加快氦团簇的融合.在300—800K,融合后的氦团簇在所模拟的时间尺度内三维结构保持不变.模拟结果还表明,常温下氦团簇之间的吸引力是导致氦团簇融合的重要因素. 关键词： 氦团簇 团簇融合 分子动力学模拟     

AuCu249合金团簇热稳定性的原子尺度计算研究

采用基于嵌入原子法的NVT正则系综分子动力学方法,在原子尺度上计算了包含249个原子的金属间化合物AuCu₂₄₉合金团簇由固态转变为熔体的结构演化过程. 根据对分布函数、原子密度分布函数和主要原子键对数目随温度的变化,发现在温度从低温升到高温的过程中,合金团簇内伴随着原子的连续位置交换,团簇呈现由外及里的分阶段结构转变. 同时还发现在团簇内原子堆积结构转变过程中,Au原子出现由团簇内层向外层运动的趋势,而Cu原子则有由外层向内层运动的趋势. 关键词： 合金团簇 分子动力学 计算机模拟 相变     

金属钨中氦行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了氦在金属钨中的扩散聚集行为. 首先,建立了氦与钨原子间相互作用势,短程部分采用ZBL势形式,长程部分采用从头算法数据,实现了两者之间的平滑连接. 通过计算氦在钨中不同间隙位的形成能发现,单个氦原子更易存在于金属钨中的四面体间隙位,这与最新的研究成果是一致的. 在400-1200 K的温度范围内,考察了氦原子在金属钨中的扩散行为,获得了扩散迁移能,其值介于实验值和从头算法结果之间. 最后,研究了氦的聚集行为,从能量的角度考察了氦团簇形成初期的生长机理. 研究发现,在氦团簇形成初期,氦团簇对氦的结合能随着氦团簇的生长有逐渐增大的趋势,说明氦团簇吸收氦的能力逐渐增强. 关键词： 氦扩散 氦团簇 辐照损伤 分子动力学模拟     

Cu偏析诱导Co团簇结构及性质异常的动力学模拟

采用分子动力学结合镶嵌原子势方法,模拟研究了Cu原子分别分布于基体Co团簇内层和表面构成Cu-Co合金团簇的结构和热力学性质,研究表明,相同数目的 Cu原子掺杂到基体中因掺杂层的不同,会诱导内层Co团簇和外层Co团簇结构、能量及熔点表现出巨大差异;Cu原子在团簇各层掺杂位置的差异,会导致原子向低能态位置偏移,但相对移动后后续原子的补位,使团簇结构随温度呈相对无扩散度相变;Cu原子由内层向表面偏析是内层Co团簇与相同原子数比例的外层Co团簇熔点产生巨大差异的主要原因.     

纳米铜团簇在常温和升温过程中能量特征的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法和F-S多体势函数，模拟研究纳米铜团簇常温下能量特征及其在升温直到熔化过程中的变化，确定了常温下纳米铜团簇的表面原子厚度和表面能，给出在不同温度下纳米铜团簇能量大小分布比例和能量的概率密度，细致描述了团簇升温过程团簇内部原子和表面原子之间不同的变化特征. 关键词： 铜团簇 分子动力学 能量特征 温度     

金属Zr中自间隙子扩散的分子动力学模拟

本文采用分子动力学方法,对HCP结构的金属锆中的自间隙子扩散进行研究。通过检查不同时刻维格纳原胞(Wigner-Seitz cell)中的原子个数的方法得到不同时刻缺陷的位置,应用Rahman-Parrinello应力控制方法计算出了外应力为零时α-Zr的4种不同扩散机制在不同温度下的扩散系数,通过扩散系数随温度变化的关系得到各种扩散机制的势垒。     

C36团簇自组装的分子动力学研究

提出了利用C36团簇在气相条件下自组装制备新纳米团簇的设想，并利用分子动力学方法模 拟了包括真实氦气氛作用的碳团簇生长过程，发现环境气体温度是影响最后所生成的团簇结 构的关键因素：C36团簇在1000?K到2000?K的温度范围内，自组装形成保持C36线径特征的 蚕茧状新纳米团簇；在高于2000?K的温度下，最后形成的团簇趋于球状. 关键词： 分子动力学模拟 纳米碳团簇     

分子动力学模拟Cu(010)基体对负载Co-Cu双金属团簇熔化过程的影响

纳米团簇负载到基体上的结构演化和热稳定性是其走向技术应用的关键. 本文用分子动力学结合嵌入原子方法模拟了具有二十面体初始结构的Co₂₈₁Cu₂₈₀ 混合双金属团簇在Cu(010)基体上的熔化过程, 考察了基体的Cu原子可以自由移动(自由基体)和固定(固定基体)两种条件对负载团簇熔化的影响. 发现基体条件对团簇的熔化有明显的影响. 在自由基体上团簇原子的温度-能量曲线存在明显的团簇熔化时的能量突变点, 熔点为1320 K, 低于固定基体上团簇的熔点1630 K. 在升温过程中团簇的二十面体结构会在基体表面发生外延生长. 外延团簇随着温度增加发生表面预熔, 预熔原子会逐渐向基体表面扩散形成薄层, 直至完全熔化. 自由基体上团簇原子的嵌入行为会使原子的分布状态产生不同于固定基体上的演变.     

Self-diffusion dynamic behavior of atomic clusters on Re(0 0 0 1) surface

Using molecular dynamics simulations and a modified analytic embedded atom potential, the self-diffusion dynamics of rhenium atomic clusters up to seven atoms on Re(0 0 0 1) surface have been studied in the temperature ranges from 600 K to 1900 K. The simulation time varies from 20 ns to 200 ns according to the cluster sizes and the temperature. The heptamer and trimer are more stable comparing to other neighboring non-compact clusters. The diffusion coefficients of clusters are derived from the mean square displacement of cluster's mass-center, and diffusion prefactors D₀ and activation energies E_a are derived from the Arrhenius relation. It is found that the Arrhenius relation of the adatom can be divided into two parts at different temperature range. The activation energy of clusters increases with the increasing of the atom number in clusters. The prefactor of the heptamer is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than a usual prefactor because of a large number of nonequivalent diffusion processes. The trimer and heptamer are the nuclei at different temperature range according to the nucleation theory.     

A calculation of surface diffusion coefficients of adsorbates on the (110) plane of tungsten

An attempt to calculate the prefactors of the diffusion coefficients of tungsten, xenon and oxygen atoms on the W(110) plane in the zero-coverage limit was made, using a Fokker-Planck formalism. Pairwise substrate-substrate and adsorbate-substrate atom interactions were assumed and expressed by appropriate Morse potentials. The vibrations of the substrate were approximated by an Einstein model of independent oscillators. When Morse potentials were so adjusted as to give good agreement between experimental and calculated activation energies, a prefactor in excellent agreement with experiment was calculated for W/W(110). For Xe/W(110) and O/W(110) the calculated values were ～10^?4 cm²/s, i.e. essentially “normal”, while the experimental values are much lower. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.     

Theoretical studies of adatom diffusion on metal surfaces

We propose in this paper a theoretical model to investigate surface self-diffusion of single adatoms on two different low-index planes, closely packed (001) and densely packed (111), of face-centered-cubic rhodium, nickel and copper metal crystals. Two realistic model potentials are applied to describe the interatomic interaction of the adatom-substrate systems. The first model is a Morse-type potential, which involves several empirical fittings of bulk of solid. The second, newly popular, potential was introduced by Sutton and Che, which incorporates many-body effects. With these potentials, conventional molecular dynamics (MD) is employed to obtain trajectories of the atoms. The average squared didplacements are computed for a range of initial kinetic energies, and the surface diffusion constants can be obtained by means of the Einstein relation. The estimated random walk exponential prefactors and activation energies exhibit an Arrhenius behavior, and are compared with previous results.     

Collision dynamics of He@C<Subscript>60</Subscript>+He@C<Subscript>60</Subscript> at low energies

A semi-empirical molecular dynamics model is developed. The central collisions of C₆₀+C₆₀ and He@C₆₀+He@C₆₀ at different incident energies are investigated based on this model. It is found that the dimer structures have been produced at proper incident energies and these fullerene dimers could be formed by a self-assembly of C₆₀ fullerene and He@C₆₀. The He atom has a significant effect at higher incident energy and this embedded He atom can enhance the stability of the dimer structure.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of point defects in plutonium grain boundaries

A modified analytic embedded atom method (MAEAM) potential is constructed for fcc updelta-Pu. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the potential are performed to investigate the interactions between two symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (GBs) and point defects such as He atom, vacancy and self-interstitial atom (SIA) in Pu. The calculated results show that point defect formation energies are on average lower than those in the lattice but variations from site to site along the GBs are very remarkable. Both substitutional and interstitial He atoms are trapped at GBs. Interstitial He atom is more strongly bound at the GB core than the substitutional He atom. The binding energy of SIA at GB core is higher than those of He atom and vacancy. GB core can bind many He atoms and SIAs due mainly to the fact that it contains many vacancies. Compared with He atom and SIA, the vacancy far from GB core is difficult to diffuse into the core. The GBs can act as sinks and sources of He atoms and SIAs, which may be a reason for the swelling of Pu after a period of self-irradiation because of the higher concentration of vacancy in the bulk.     

Misfit-dislocation-mediated heteroepitaxial island diffusion

Scanning tunneling microscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations reveals a dislocation-mediated island diffusion mechanism for Cu on Ag(111), a highly mismatched system. Cluster motion is tracked with atomic precision at multiple temperatures and diffusion barriers and prefactors are determined from direct measurements of hop rates. The barrier to nucleate a dislocation is sensitive to island size and shape, resulting in a non-monotonic size dependence of the diffusion barrier.     

Diffusion coefficients of vacancies and interstitials along tilt grain boundaries in molybdenum

The diffusion coefficients of vacancies and interstitials along symmetrical tilt grain boundaries in molybdenum have been calculated using the molecular dynamics method. The migration energies of defects have been obtained. The activation energy and coefficients of grain boundary self-diffusion have been deter-mined. A comparison of the obtained results with the studies of other authors indicates that boundaries formed between particles in the powder in sintering experiments have a higher diffusion activity as compared to stable grain boundaries in polycrystals.     

Diffusion behavior of helium in titanium and the effect of grain boundaries revealed by molecular dynamics simulation

The microstructures of titanium(Ti), an attractive tritium(T) storage material, will affect the evolution process of the retained helium(He). Understanding the diffusion behavior of He at the atomic scale is crucial for the mechanism of material degradation. The novel diffusion behavior of He has been reported by molecular dynamics(MD) simulation for the bulk hcp-Ti system and the system with grain boundary(GB). It is observed that the diffusion of He in the bulk hcp-Ti is significantly anisotropic(the diffusion coefficient of the [0001] direction is higher than that of the basal plane),as represented by the different migration energies. Different from convention, the GB accelerates the diffusion of He in one direction but not in the other. It is observed that a twin boundary(TB) can serve as an effective trapped region for He.The TB accelerates diffusion of He in the direction perpendicular to the twinning direction(TD), while it decelerates the diffusion in the TD. This finding is attributable to the change of diffusion path caused by the distortion of the local favorable site for He and the change of its number in the TB region.     

Monte Carlo simulation of phosphorus diffusion in α-iron via the vacancy mechanism

Monte Carlo simulations of the vacancy and phosphorus (P) atom diffusion in body centred cubic (bcc) iron are presented. The input parameters for the calculations, namely the activation energies of atomic jumps, have been obtained using a potential set developed recently for a dilute Fe–P alloy using ab initio data. The diffusion coefficients entering equations for the fluxes of vacancies and solute atoms are evaluated. The results show that, in the temperature range of practical importance for P segregation, P atoms move down the vacancy gradient; hence, under irradiation conditions, vacancies should drag P atoms towards sinks of point defects. This is because of the high binding energy between a P atom and a vacancy in the first and second nearest neighbour sites from each other, which allows a vacancy to move around a P atom without loss of bonding and, hence, co-migrate with it.