A Combined Reconstruction Algorithm for Limited-View Multi-Element Photoacoustic Imaging

We present a photoacoustic imaging system with a linear transducer array scanning in limited-view felds and develop a combined reconstruction algorithm, which is a combination of the limited-field filtered back projection （LFBP） algorithm and the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique （SIRT） algorithm, to reconstruct the optical absorption distribution. In this algorithm, the LFBP algorithm is exploited to reconstruct the original photoacoustic image, and then the SIRT algorithm is used to improve the quality of the final reconstructed photoacoustic image. Numerical simulations with calculated incomplete data validate the reliability of this algorithm and the reconstructed experimental results further demonstrate that the combined reconstruction algorithm effectively reduces the artifacts and blurs and yields better quality of reconstruction image than that with the LFBP algorithm.     

Study of a millimeter-wave squint indirect holographic algorithm suitable for imaging with large field-of-view

In this paper a millimeter-wave （MMW） squint indirect holographic method is presented, which is suitable for imaging with a large field-of-view. The proposed system employs the squint operation mode to remove the background and twin- image interferences, which achieves a similar effect to off-axis holography but leaves out the large-aperture quasi-optical component. The translational scanning manner enables a large field of view and ensures the image uniformity, which is difficult to realize in off-axis holography. In addition, a corresponding imaging algorithm for the presented scheme is developed to reconstruct the image from the recorded hologram. Some imaging results on typical objects, obtained with electromagnetic simulation, demonstrate good performance of the imaging scheme and validate the effectiveness of the image reconstruction algorithm.     

Imaging an atomic beam using fluorescence

A fluorescence detection scheme is applied to image an atomic beam. Using two laser diodes as the sources of detection light and pumping light respectively, the fluorescence image of the atomic beam is then observed by a commercial CCD-camera, which is corresponding to the atomic state and velocity distribution. The detection scheme has a great utilization in the experiments of cold atoms and atomic optics.     

Two-step image registration by artificial immune system and chamfer matching

Image registration is the precondition and foundation in the fusion of multi-source image data.A two-step approach based on artificial immune system and chamfer matching to register images from different types of sensors is presented.In the first step,it extracts the large edges and takes chamfer distance between the input image and the reference image as similarity measure and uses artificial immune network algorithm to speed up the searching of the initial transformation parameters.In the second step,an area-based method is utilized to refine the initial transformation and enhance the registration accuracy.Experimental results show that the proposed approach is a promising method for registration of nmlti-sensor images.     

Experimental Characterization of Correlation—Functions of Random Surfaces by Speckle Measurement and Complementary Algorithm

A method for the extracting the correlation functions of random surfaces is proposed by using the image speckle intensity.Theoretically,we analyse the integral expression of average intensity of the image speckles,and compare it with the pair of Fourier-Bessel-transform-and-the-inversion of the exponential function of the height-height correlation function of the random surfaces.Then the algorithm is proposed numerically to complement the lacking Bessel function factor in the expression of the average speckle intensity,which changes the intensity data into the pair of the Fourier-Bessel-transforn.Experimentally,we measure the average image speckle intensities versus the radius of the filtering aperture in the 4f system and extract the height-height correlation function by using the proposed algorithm.The results of the practical measurements for three surface samples and the comparison with those by atomic force microscopy validate the feasibility of this method.     

Global and local contrast enhancement algorithm for image using wavelet neural network and stationary wavelet transform

A new contrast enhancement algorithm for image is proposed employing wavelet neural network (WNN) and stationary wavelet transform (SWT). Incomplete Beta transform (IBT) is used to enhance the global contrast for image. In order to avoid the expensive time for traditional contrast enhancement algorithms, which search optimal gray transform parameters in the whole gray transform parameter space, a new criterion is proposed with gray level histogram. Contrast type for original image is determined employing the new criterion. Gray transform parameter space is given respectively according to different contrast types, which shrinks the parameter space greatly. Nonlinear transform parameters are searched by simulated annealing algorithm (SA) so as to obtain optimal gray transform parameters. Thus the searching direction and selection of initial values of simulated annealing is guided by the new parameter space. In order to calculate IBT in the whole image, a kind of WNN is proposed to approximate the IBT. Having enhanced the global contrast to input image, discrete SWT is done to the image which has been processed by previous global enhancement method, local contrast enhancement is implemented by a kind of nonlinear operator in the high frequency sub-band images of each decomposition level respectively. Experimental results show that the new algorithm is able to adaptively enhance the global contrast for the original image while it also extrudes the detail of the targets in the original image well. The computation complexity for the new algorithm is O(MN) log(MN), where M and N are width and height of the original image, respectively.     

A fast image encryption algorithm based on only blocks in cipher text

In this paper, a fast image encryption algorithm is proposed, in which the shuffling and diffusion is performed simul- taneously. The cipher-text image is divided into blocks and each block has k x k pixels, while the pixels of the plain-text are scanned one by one. Four logistic maps are used to generate the encryption key stream and the new place in the cipher image of plain image pixels, including the row and column of the block which the pixel belongs to and the place where the pixel would be placed in the block. After encrypting each pixel, the initial conditions of logistic maps would be changed ac- cording to the encrypted pixel＇s value; after encrypting each row of plain image, the initial condition would also be changed by the skew tent map. At last, it is illustrated that this algorithm has a faster speed, big key space, and better properties in withstanding differential attacks, statistical analysis, known plaintext, and chosen plaintext attacks.     

Sub-pixel processing algorithm of the reducing boundary recursive error in staring FPA micro-scanning imaging

<正>By analyzing the error distribution rule of the boundary recursive reconstruction algorithm in controlled micro-scanning,a sub-pixel image processing algorithm is proposed to reduce the error.The gray statistical principle is used in the algorithm to optimize the error and acquire the sub-pixel image that approximates the original image.The simulation result shows that the effect of this algorithm is better than the oversample and simple boundary recursive algorithm(BRA),and it results in a good effect both in those of visible light and infrared imaging systems.Therefore,the application of this algorithm will enhance the performance of optoelectronic imaging systems.     

An image joint compression-encryption algorithm based on adaptive arithmetic coding

Through a series of studies on arithmetic coding and arithmetic encryption, a novel image joint compression- encryption algorithm based on adaptive arithmetic coding is proposed. The contexts produced in the process of image compression are modified by keys in order to achieve image joint compression encryption. Combined with the bit-plane coding technique, the discrete wavelet transform coefficients in different resolutions can be encrypted respectively with different keys, so that the resolution selective encryption is realized to meet different application needs. Zero-tree coding is improved, and adaptive arithmetic coding is introduced. Then, the proposed joint compression-encryption algorithm is simulated. The simulation results show that as long as the parameters are selected appropriately, the compression efficiency of proposed image joint compression-encryption algorithm is basically identical to that of the original image compression algorithm, and the security of the proposed algorithm is better than the joint encryption algorithm based on interval splitting.     

Robust color segmentation algorithms in illumination variation conditions

<正>Changing illumination condition can change the result of image segmentation algorithm and reduce the intelligent recognition rate.A novel color image segmentation method robust to illumination variations is presented.The method is applied to the skin segmentation.Based on the hue preserving algorithm, the method reduces the dimensionality of the red-green-blue(RGB) space to one dimension,while keeping the hue of every pixel unchanging before and after space transformation.In the new color space,the skin color model is established using Gaussian model.Experimental results show that the method is robust to illumination variations,and has low computational complexity.     

Twin image removal in X-ray fluorescence holography with two energies

In the last decade,X-ray fluorescence holography has been developed for the study of 3D atomic arrangements in solids.However,it encounters the twin image problem which may disturb the reconstructed atomic images.In this paper,the formation of twin image is discussed and we propose a modified two-energy algorithm to remove the twin image.The simulation shows that the method is valid and more efficient than the multiple-energy algorithm proposed by Barton.     

X射线荧光全息术中消除光源偏振效应和孪生像的重构新算法

以27个铁原子成立方排列的晶体结构为模型,通过数值模拟和重构,讨论了入射光源的偏振性对原子像的影响.结果表明,入射光源的偏振性对原子像的可观测性有非常重要的影响.为此,提出了一种能同时消除光源偏振性影响和全息成像所固有的孪生像的数字重构新算法,并通过数字模拟及重构,结果证明了这是一种有效的数字重构算法,能够解决实验过程中光源偏振性和孪生像对原子像的影响. 关键词： X射线荧光全息术 同步辐射 偏振性     

无透镜傅里叶变换全息图数值再现中的图像处理

针对无透镜傅里叶变换全息图数值再现过程的特点，提出了一套不同于以往的削弱或消除全息图0级衍射和孪生像的数字图像处理算法。该算法分为三步。首先，对所拍摄的数字全息图通过高通滤波实现衬比度增强预处理，以提高全息图的衍射效率并消除再现图像的0级衍射斑；其次，对再现图像进行带通及Ⅴ型滤波，以降低背景噪声并使再现视场均匀；最后，对所得到的再现像进行平滑处理，通过小波滤噪和中值滤波进一步提高再现像的信噪比。实验结果表明，该方法只需记录一幅数字全息图，通过简单的数字图像处理，便可明显改善图像质量，尤其适用于无透镜傅里叶变换全息图的数值再现，并且更加实用化。     

X射线荧光全息术中入射能量对原子像的影响

X射线荧光全息术是一种新型的显微成像技术，它能在原子水平上直接观察到晶体内部的三维结构。然而它所得到的原子像存在明显的孪生像现象。因此，采用多重能量的全息记录来消除孪生像。分别以单个和多个铁原子为模型，数值模拟了它们在4π立体角范围内、不同范围的入射能量的情况下记录的全息图。比较由这些全息图重构得到的原子像，发现入射能量范围越宽，其消除孪生像的效果越好，而且随着入射能量的提高，其原子像的分辨力也越高。     

Complex gamma-ray hologram: solution to twin images problem in atomic resolution imaging

A new technique for high fidelity three-dimensional imaging of atomic structure with gamma-ray holography is demonstrated. A complex hologram was constructed from holograms recorded for different values of the nuclear scattering amplitude on both sides of the (57)Fe M?ssbauer resonance. The holographic reconstruction was applied to this complex hologram resulting in a twin-image-free image of the bcc Fe local structure. The proposed procedure allows the removal of the twin images for all real space, making gamma-ray holography an unambiguous tool for atomic and magnetic structure imaging.     

Color image encryption and decryption for twin images in fractional Fourier domain

We propose a method for the encryption of twin color images using fractional Fourier transform (FRT). The color images to be encrypted are converted into the indexed image formats before being processed through twin image encryption algorithm based on the FRT. The proposed algorithm uses one random code in the image domain and one random phase code in the FRT domain to perform double image encryption. The conversion of both the input RGB images into their indexed formats facilitates single-channel processing for each image, and is more compact and robust as compared to multichannel techniques. Different fractional orders, the random masks in image- and FRT domain are the keys to enhance the security of the proposed system. The algorithms to implement the proposed encryption and decryption schemes are discussed, and results of digital simulation are presented. We examine sensitivity of the proposed scheme against the use of unauthorized keys (e.g. incorrect fractional orders, incorrect random phase mask etc.). Robustness of the method against occlusion and noise has also been discussed.     

高通滤波法数字重现同轴全息图

提出并实现了高通滤波法重现同轴全息图，消除孪生象的影响，详细解释了这种方法的原理，通过数字模拟，证明了这种方法的可行性。     

Interaction of twin boundaries with stacking faults in 2H martensite: A high-resolution electron microscopy study

Twinned 2H martensite is observed in copper-based shape memory alloys together with basal and non-basal plane stacking faults. Knowledge of the twin-boundary structure and its interaction with the faults is important to understand the deformation mechanism by twin coalescence. High-resolution electron microscopy coupled with image simulations have been used for these studies. The interface of the type I twinning in 2H martensite shows an atomic configuration with mirror antisymmetry. An atomic plane is shared by the twinned variants in such a way that the distance between the planes, parallel to the interface, is unchanged at the boundary and the mean atomic volume is conserved. The interaction of the boundary with a basal plane fault generates a shift in the interface. A mirror antisymmetrical boundary is maintained by introducing an imperfect interface dislocation.     

A new wavelet-based reconstruction algorithm for twin image removal in digital in-line holography

Two original methods are proposed here for digital in-line hologram processing. Firstly, we propose an entropy-based method to retrieve the focus plane which is very useful for digital hologram reconstruction. Secondly, we introduce a new approach to remove the so-called twin images reconstructed by holograms. This is achieved owing to the Blind Source Separation (BSS) technique. The proposed method is made up of two steps: an Adaptive Quincunx Lifting Scheme (AQLS) and a statistical unmixing algorithm. The AQLS tool is based on wavelet packet transform, whose role is to maximize the sparseness of the input holograms. The unmixing algorithm uses the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) tool. Experimental results confirm the ability of convolutive blind source separation to discard the unwanted twin image from in-line digital holograms.     

The dual twin image effect from a waveguide hologram

A new phenomenon called the dual twin image effect is reported. The mechanisms of the dual twin image effect and the twin image effect are discussed. A sandwich-like waveguide hologram unit, which can be used for fingerprint recognition, is described and verified experimentally.