高强度激光与等离子体相互作用中的受激Raman级联散射、光子凝聚以及大振幅电磁孤立子的产生与加速

应用一维相对论电磁粒子模拟程序，详细研究了线性极化强激光入射到无碰撞稀疏密度长等离子体中引起的受激Raman散射、Raman级联散射、级联散射到光子凝聚、以及大振幅电磁孤立子的产生与加速. 通过研究发现：在适当的激光振幅和等离子体状态下，强的光子凝聚现象会导致大振幅电磁孤立子的产生，电磁孤立子可以以静止、向后以及向前加速的形式存在；在密度均匀的等离子体中，电磁孤立子的加速不仅依赖于激光振幅而且依赖于等离子体的长度；电磁孤立子的电磁频率大约为未扰动电子等离子体振荡频率的二分之一左右，孤立子内电磁场的电场具有半周期结构，相应电磁场的磁场以及静电场则具有一个完整的周期结构. 关键词： 粒子模拟 受激Raman散射 Raman级联散射 光子凝聚 电磁孤立子     

激光-等离子体相互作用中电磁孤立子研究进展

激光-等离子体相互作用产生电磁孤立子是等离子体中重要的非线性现象之一。介绍了激光-等离子体中电磁孤立子研究的过程,比较详细地叙述了国内外数值模拟研究取得的一些研究成果,重点介绍了近几年在Rutherford Appleton实验室进行的实验研究进展情况。最后对于激光-等离子体相互作用中电磁孤立子的研究进行了总结和评述,并指出进一步研究需要解决的重要问题。     

强激光与等离子体相互作用中受激陷俘电子声波散射及相空间离子涡旋的形成

应用一维相对论电磁粒子模拟程序，研究了线性极化强激光入射到无碰撞密度均匀的次临界密度等离子体中所引起的受激陷俘电子声波散射不稳定性过程.不稳定性的早期行为与是否考虑离子动力学效应无关.当考虑离子动力学效应之后会激发一个随时间增长的离子声波，并且最终由于大振幅电磁孤立子的产生而中断.由于电磁孤立子内的静电场与电磁场所产生的离子加速与俘获效应，导致一个离子涡旋在离子相空间中形成；当电磁孤立子向后加速过程中，若干个离子涡旋结构随之形成.研究发现，离子涡旋结构同样存在于密度不均匀的次临界密度等离子体中.从拓扑的观 关键词： 粒子模拟 受激陷俘电子声波散射 电磁孤立子 离子涡旋     

超短超强激光与稀薄等离子体相互作用中后孤立子的观测

开展了超短超强激光与稀薄等离子体相互作用实验,在实验中采用等离子体单色成像法观测等离子体发光图像,捕捉到了近乎对称的环形等离子体发光结构. 在对实验结果进行分析并与理论预言进行比较后确认这是由激光-等离子体相互作用形成的后孤立子云外围的高密度等离子体壳层发光所致. 同时通过对等离子体通道的观测还发现,孤立子的形成对超短超强激光在稀薄等离子体中的传输产生了非常大的影响. 关键词： 超短超强激光 稀薄等离子体 单色成像 后孤立子     

激光加速质子束对电磁孤立子的照相模拟研究

激光在次稠密等离子中传输, 由于频率下移而被俘获, 从而产生电磁孤立子. 根据先前理论及PIC 模拟给出的孤立子的演化过程, 对不同阶段孤立子的电磁场分布进行了建模. 使用Geant4蒙特卡罗程序, 模拟研究了激光加速产生的能量为几个MeV的质子束对后孤立子的照相. 分析了质子能量, 质子源尺寸等因素对照相结果的影响, 并利用了TNSA加速产生质子束的分幅特性, 开展了时间分辨的孤立子照相模拟研究. 模拟给出的质子照相结果验证了文献中给出的孤立子静电场模型, 为以后在实验上探测孤立子提供了理论依据. 关键词： 超短激光 质子照相 孤立子 蒙特卡罗方法     

激光等离子体不稳定性的入射光强度效应

用3维粒子模拟程序研究了相对论强激光和高密度等离子体相互作用引起的电磁不稳定。数值模拟表明,在线偏振强激光作用下,等离子体表面出现了电磁不稳定性。形成的不稳定结构随时间发展和激光功率密度的增加进一步深入到等离子体内部,最终使等离子体表面处激发饱和自生磁场。这种由电子速度各向异性而产生的自生磁场对激光有质动力推开电子时所形成的电子热流产生抑制作用,并将直接影响电子加速效率。     

Compton散射下强激光等离子体波前在固体中的传输特性

从多粒子系统量子力学理论出发,应用电子与多光子集团非弹性碰撞模型,研究了固体中形成的激光等离子体中的电子与入射光发生多光子非线性Compton散射下,散射光与入射光、电子振荡辐射波、离子的长光学横波的高频支形成的耦合等离子体波前的传输特性。结果表明,固体中激光等离子体电磁耦合声子的传播速度随磁场强度的增强、电子屏蔽作用的减弱及等离子体振荡频率的减小而变大,而散射光却使电磁耦合声子传播速度的这种增长效应降低,它随时间的增加也较缓慢地降低。     

超短激光脉冲在等离子体中的分裂以及类孤子结构的形成

用一维粒子模拟研究了超短脉冲在等离子体中传播时产生的光孤子结构以及由此形成的脉冲分裂现象，比较了不同峰值强度和脉冲宽度对形成光孤子以及脉冲传播方式的影响.研究表明: 脉冲宽度在若干个到十几个振荡周期的超短脉冲在等离子体中可能形成高速传播的光孤子；脉冲宽度增加和强度增大两种方式都可以使得孤子结构的传播速度减慢,且由于高阶孤子的衰变使得初始激光脉冲在等离子体中发生分裂，形成两个以不同速度向前传播的孤子结构.由孤子阶数的理论计算可较好地预言激光脉冲在等离子体中分裂的子脉冲数. 关键词： 光孤子 超短激光脉冲 等离子体 粒子模拟     

交叉传播激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用产生的等离子体密度光栅

理论上研究了两束交叉传播的激光束与等离子体相互作用产生的电子和离子密度调制. 用一维粒子模拟程序(particle-in-cell,PIC)研究了两束激光脉冲产生的干涉场激发的等离子体布拉格光栅. 研究表明等离子体初始密度、脉冲强度和宽度共同影响等离子体布拉格光栅的演化. 光栅的密度峰值可以达到初始等离子体密度的8倍以上,并且可以维持几皮秒的时间. 等离子体布拉格光栅可以囚禁由受激拉曼散射形成的电磁孤子,从而形成准稳态的孤子结构,很大程度上降低了形成电磁孤子所要求的激光脉冲强度. 关键词： 等离子体布拉格光栅 电磁孤子 交叉传播激光束 粒子模拟     

共振吸收的自洽场结构和密度轮廓分布

 用二维多时标全电磁相对论粒子模拟程序，对斜入射P极化强激光与具有线性密度分布的非均匀等离子体平板相互作用中的共振吸收进行了模拟计算，给出了冕区自洽场的结构和等离子体密度轮廓分布，粒子模拟结果观察到了临界面附近等离子体波的激发、等离子体密度轮廓的变陡和空穴的产生。     

Nonlinear localized modes in bandgap microcavities

We study experimentally an electrically pumped GaAs-based bandgap structure based on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). We demonstrate that a microcavity embedded into this bandgap VCSEL structure supports localized optical modes without any holding beam. We propose a model of surface-structured VCSELs based on a reduced dissipative wave equation for describing electromagnetic modes in such semiconductor cavities and analyze a crossover between linear and nonlinear solitonlike cavity modes.     

Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser

Self-similar propagation of ultrashort, parabolic pulses in a laser resonator is observed theoretically and experimentally. This constitutes a new type of pulse shaping in mode-locked lasers: in contrast to the well-known static (solitonlike) and breathing (dispersion-managed soliton) pulse evolutions, asymptotic solutions to the nonlinear wave equation that governs pulse propagation in most of the laser cavity are observed. Stable self-similar pulses exist with energies much greater than can be tolerated in solitonlike pulse shaping, and this has implications for practical lasers.     

Pulse chirping effect on controlling the transverse cavity oscillations in nonlinear bubble regime

The propagation of an intense laser pulse in an under-dense plasma induces a plasma wake that is suitable for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies. For an ultra-intense laser pulse which has a longitudinal size shorter than the plasma wavelength, λp, instead of a periodic plasma wave, a cavity free from cold plasma electrons, called a bubble, is formed behind the laser pulse. An intense charge separation electric field inside the moving bubble can capture the electrons at the base of the bubble and accelerate them with a narrow energy spread. In the nonlinear bubble regime, due to localized depletion at the front of the pulse during its propagation through the plasma, the phase shift between carrier waves and pulse envelope plays an important role in plasma response. The carrier–envelope phase(CEP) breaks down the symmetric transverse ponderomotive force of the laser pulse that makes the bubble structure unstable. Our studies using a series of two-dimensional(2D) particle-in-cell(PIC) simulations show that the frequency-chirped laser pulses are more effective in controlling the pulse depletion rate and consequently the effect of the CEP in the bubble regime. The results indicate that the utilization of a positively chirped laser pulse leads to an increase in rate of erosion of the leading edge of the pulse that rapidly results in the formation of a steep intensity gradient at the front of the pulse. A more unstable bubble structure, the self-injections in different positions, and high dark current are the results of using a positively chirped laser pulse. For a negatively chirped laser pulse, the pulse depletion process is compensated during the propagation of the pulse in plasma in such a way that results in a more stable bubble shape and therefore, a localized electron bunch is produced during the acceleration process. As a result, by the proper choice of chirping, one can tune the number of self-injected electrons, the size of accelerated bunch and its energy spectrum to the values required for practical applications.     

Storing, retrieving, and processing optical information by Raman backscattering in plasmas

By employing stimulated Raman backscattering in a plasma, information carried by a laser pulse can be captured in the form of a very slowly propagating plasma wave that persists for a time long compared with the pulse duration. If the plasma is then probed with a short laser pulse, the information stored in the plasma wave can be retrieved in a second scattered electromagnetic wave. The recording and retrieving processes can conserve robustly the pulse shape, thus enabling the recording and retrieving with fidelity of information stored in optical signals.     

非线性延迟响应对啁啾类孤波的影响

以描述超短光脉冲在光纤中传输的高阶非线性Ginzburg-Landau方程为模型,给出了包含三阶色散,自陡效应以及非线性延迟响应等效应的锁模激光器系统的啁啾类孤波解,并采用分步傅立叶方法对该解析解的稳定性进行了详细的分析。结果表明:在一定的系统参数条件下,即使存在一些微弱的扰动,这类啁啾类孤波解依然可以稳定地存在并传输较长的距离。如果初始输入脉冲为任意的高斯脉冲,在经过一段传输距离的演化后,啁啾类孤波解形成并可以稳定传输。     

Nonlinear Dynamics of Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse Propagating in a Magnetized Plasma with q ‐Nonextensive Velocity Distributions

The nonlinear dynamics of a circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in magnetized plasma contains hot nonextensive q ‐distributed electrons and ions is studied theoretically. A nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of the slowly varying amplitude electromagnetic wave is obtained using the relativistic two‐fluids model. Some nonlinear phenomena include modulational instability, self‐focusing, soliton formation, and longitudinal and transversal evolutions of laser pulse in nonextensive plasma medium are investigated. Results show that the nonextensivity of particles can substantially change the nonlinearity of medium. The external magnetic field enhances the modulation instability growth rate of right‐hand polarization wave but for the left‐hand polarization the growth rate decreases. The spot size of the laser pulse is strongly affected by the plasma nonextensivity. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Allowable propagation of short pulse laser beam in a plasma channel and electromagnetic solitary waves

Nonparaxial and nonlinear propagation of a short intense laser beam in a parabolic plasma channel is analyzed by means of the variational method and nonlinear dynamics. The beam propagation properties are classified by five kinds of behaviors. In particularly, the electromagnetic solitary wave for finite pulse laser is found beside the other four propagation cases including beam periodically oscillating with defocussing and focusing amplitude, constant spot size, beam catastrophic focusing. It is also found that the laser pulse can be allowed to propagate in the plasma channel only when a certain relation for laser parameters and plasma channel parameters is satisfied. For the solitary wave, it may provide an effective way to obtain ultra-short laser pulse.     

Overheated plasma at the surface of a target with a periodic structure induced by femtosecond laser radiation

A periodic structure is induced at the surface of a metal target exposed to a series of p-polarized 200-femtosecond laser pulses with intensity close to the melting threshold of the target material. The period of the structure is determined by the interference between the incident pump wave and the surface electromagnetic wave. Exposure of the obtained structure to the same laser pulse, but with an intensity of ～10¹⁶ W/cm², provides resonant excitation of the surface electromagnetic waves at the plasma-vacuum interface. This leads to an increase in the X-ray output and the temperature of plasma hot electrons.     

线性偏振激光在相对论等离子体中的调制不稳定性

 从相对论等离体中电磁波的非线性色散方程出发,利用Karpman方法获得了线性偏振波模所满足的非线性控制方程,在非线性色散方程和非线性控制方程的基础上对线性偏振激光在相对论等离体中传播的调制不稳定性进行分析,给出了调制不稳定的时间增长率与扰动态波数之间的函数关系。     

Quasi-static electromagnetic pulse generated by ultra-intense laser pulses

A solitary structure of quasi-static electromagnetic pulse is formed in moderate density plasmas by a propagation of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulse, which is formed after the laser pulse is depleted and slowly propagates in the laser propagation direction. The structure is sustained by huge magnetic pressure and compensating electric field which are in an electromagnetic equilibrium together with the plasma motion. The solitary structure is formed when the resonance condition is satisfied and laser intensity is high enough to induce huge magnetic field pressure.