迎头方向隐身导弹红外辐射特性分析北大核心CSCD

隐身导弹应用红外隐身技术将降低导弹被红外探测系统的发现概率。通过以AGM-158C导弹为参考,对迎头观测方向目标的红外辐射特性,包括目标蒙皮、目标蒙皮反射周围背景和目标尾焰的红外辐射强度进行估算,并与典型亚音速导弹红外辐射特性的数据进行对比分析。分析结果表明:红外隐身技术可以明显降低导弹的中、长波红外辐射,尤其是中波波段的红外辐射;红外探测系统设计时尾焰探测通常选用中波红外探测器,弹体探测通常选用长波红外探测器;隐身导弹采用红外隐身技术将提高导弹的突防能力。     

燃烧喷焰的红外辐射特性分析

在探测燃烧形成的火焰目标时,由于不同红外波段辐射特性不同,不同波段下成像效果差异明显。以喷枪火焰为研究对象,用仿真与实验相结合分析了其在近红外(0.9～1.7 μm)、中红外(3.8～4.7 μm)、远红外(7.5～13 μm)三个波段下的红外辐射特性。从气体辐射理论出发,根据辐射传输方程对喷焰在0.9～1.7 μm、3.8～4.7 μm、7.5～13 μm三个波段下的红外辐射特性进行了计算和比较。通过辐射成像实验,对响应波段的辐射图像信息进行了采集,并与仿真计算结果进行了比对分析。结果表明:在640×512分辨率下火焰的中波红外成像目标像素约10 000个,包含了最多的信息量,其红外辐射强度最大,长波红外有效目标像素约7 000个,但其红外辐射分布最广且受环境影响最小,近红外成像像素约3 400个。为各类动力目标的探测和识别以及图像的融合、信息增强等提供了依据。     

高超声速飞行目标尾焰红外辐射测量

为了研究超高声速飞行器发动机尾焰喷射高温高速气流的辐射特性,对尾焰成分CO₂及H₂O分子在4.3和2.7 μm大气窗口红外辐射波段进行了测量.利用高温燃气激波风洞模拟产生超高声速飞行器尾焰喷流,喷流速度M=5.5.实验中选用单元型InSb红外探测器,并利用黑体进行原位定标.测量距离为0.7 m,采用单透镜成像加光阑的方法收集光信号.实验中分别沿喷流方向喷流垂直方向进行了多点测量,通过定标结果反演得到尾焰在4.3和2.7 μm分别沿喷流方向和喷流垂直方向的光谱辐亮度和波段辐亮度分布,测量结果表明4.3 μm辐射强度及稳定性均高于2.7 μm.      

隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射特性

隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射是隐身飞机探测的主要辐射源.本文提出了一种新的隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算模型.该模型以普通飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算模型为基础,进而考虑红外隐身措施的影响,间接实现隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射特性的计算.计算模型分别考虑了隐身飞机的二元喷口、引射技术、红外遮蔽云以及遮挡对尾焰辐射的影响.计算结果得出,添加隐身措施后尾焰辐射强度仅为添加前辐射强度的5.8%.针对隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性很难获取的问题,将计算结果与喷灯燃烧航空煤油的光谱峰位数据进行了比较,实验结果显示隐身前后辐射能量量级变化与国外文献相同,表明该模型可以用于隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算.     

化学反应机理对液氧煤油发动机尾焰红外特性影响研究

提出了一种液氧煤油发动机尾焰红外辐射特性计算方法,首先采用计算流体力学软件对液氧煤油发动机内流场进行计算,然后以获得喷管喉部截面参数作为入口边界条件计算发动机尾焰流场,最后以发动机尾焰流场参数分布为基础,采用有限体积法对发动机尾焰红外光谱辐射特性和成像特性进行计算,并对比验证了模型和方法的准确性。在此基础上,研究了化学反应机理和复燃反应过程对尾焰红外辐射特性影响。结果表明,采用多步化学反应能够准确模拟液氧煤油发动机内流场,温度相比热力学计算大3.34%,压力相比试车测量大2.89%;考虑复燃反应使尾焰红外辐射强度增强显著,在采用单步化学反应和多步化学反应两种工况下2~5波段红外辐射强度分别增大50%~100%和150%~170%,但不会影响尾焰红外光谱辐射特性和红外总辐射强度随探测角变化趋势;采用单步化学反应和多步化学反应都能够获得清晰结构的红外成像图像,但是前者2~5尾焰红外辐射强度要比后者增大90%~190%,且两种工况下发动机尾焰红外光谱辐射特性差别很大,尾焰红外总辐射强度随探测角变化趋势也不同。     

隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射特性

隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射是隐身飞机探测的主要辐射源.本文提出了一种新的隐身飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算模型.该模型以普通飞机尾焰红外辐射特性计算模型为基础,进而考虑红外隐身措施的影响,间接实现隐身飞机尾焰的红外辐射特性的计算.计算模型分别考虑了隐身飞机的二元喷口、引射技术、红外遮蔽云以及遮挡对尾焰辐射的影响.计算结果得出,添...     

红外昼夜跟瞄系统工作波段选择与分析

针对红外系统设计中工作波段选择问题,从探测器性能、光学弥散斑、大气传输特性、目标与背景辐射特性、海杂波干扰等多个方面对中波和长波红外进行了对比分析;制定了详细的中波和长波红外热像仪昼夜探测效果摸底试验方案,得出在不同时间、不同气象条件下2种探测器对相同目标的探测试验数据。结合试验数据与理论分析,提出红外系统在用于对岸远程昼夜探测情况下波段选择的建议。     

飞机尾焰红外图像采集与分析

介绍了超音速机载红外测量吊舱系统(以下简称红外测量吊舱)中红外探测器的选型,以及在测量目标机亚音速飞行时飞机尾喷口及飞机尾焰的电视和红外热图,并对跟踪空中飞行目标所采集到的红外尾焰热图作了细致的分析和计算,从而为空中目标的红外特性检测分析、研究提供了有效的数据积累.     

复燃对液体火箭尾焰红外辐射特性的影响

为了定量研究复燃对液体火箭尾焰红外辐射特性的影响,建立了一个可以计算液体火箭尾焰复燃流场和红外辐射特性的模型.首先,使用FLUENT软件计算液体火箭尾焰复燃流场,其中尾焰中的复燃反应使用有限速率化学反应模型计算;然后,使用基于HITEMP数据库的窄带模型计算尾焰内气体的辐射参量;最后,使用有限体积法求解尾焰中的辐射传输方程.通过比较该模型计算的Titan ⅢB尾焰光谱辐射强度与(美国)国家航空航天局公布结果的一致性,证明了该模型的正确性.最后,利用该模型计算了复燃对某液体火箭尾焰光谱和波段红外辐射强度的影响,结果表明,复燃反应可以显著增加尾焰红外光谱辐射强度,在2.5～3.0 μm和4.2～4.7 μm两个主要辐射波段平均辐射强度的增加比例分别达到了30.8％和28.3％,所以,在计算液体火箭尾焰准确的红外辐射特性时,需要考虑复燃的影响.     

复燃对液体火箭尾焰红外辐射特性的影响

为了定量研究复燃对液体火箭尾焰红外辐射特性的影响,建立了一个可以计算液体火箭尾焰复燃流场和红外辐射特性的模型.首先,使用FLUENT软件计算液体火箭尾焰复燃流场,其中尾焰中的复燃反应使用有限速率化学反应模型计算;然后,使用基于HITEMP数据库的窄带模型计算尾焰内气体的辐射参量;最后,使用有限体积法求解尾焰中的辐射传输方程.通过比较该模型计算的Titan IIIB尾焰光谱辐射强度与(美国)国家航空航天局公布结果的一致性,证明了该模型的正确性.最后,利用该模型计算了复燃对某液体火箭尾焰光谱和波段红外辐射强度的影响,结果表明,复燃反应可以显著增加尾焰红外光谱辐射强度,在2.5~3.0 μm和4.2~4.7 μm两个主要辐射波段平均辐射强度的增加比例分别达到了30.8%和28.3%,所以,在计算液体火箭尾焰准确的红外辐射特性时,需要考虑复燃的影响.     

A novel accurate and expandable infrared radiation transmission effect computing service

In infrared imaging simulation system, the infrared radiation transmission is significantly affected by natural environment. Attenuation and blurring are introduced by atmospheric environment impacts on the transmission process from zero sight infrared radiation to the detector. The classic IR transmission calculation methods have been intensively studied and many applicable approaches are proposed. The novel IR transmission effect computing service introduced in this paper could render accurate and expandable IR simulation result based on synthetic natural environment, especially concerning the atmosphere effects imposed on the IR transmission process. A simulation architecture is constructed and supports an infrared imaging simulation system for the IR transmission process calculation. The environment representation approach and the transmission effect calculation method were elaborated. Simulation experiment was carried out and the result was shown to be more accurate than that of conventional MODTRAN based atmosphere transmission simulation results. The two results are both compared with the physically captured image. The comprehensive simulation experiment results are implied to be competent and offered an applicable solution for the infrared imaging simulation system. Furthermore, this interdisciplinary simulation method can be extended to other synthetic natural environment supported military simulation and further serve the large-scale distributed collaborative combat simulation.     

A real-time infrared radiation imaging simulation method of aircraft skin with aerodynamic heating effect

Real-time infrared radiation simulation technology can provide effective support for rapid design and evaluation of a system which integrates infrared imaging technology. Considering the aerodynamic heating effect, this paper presents a real-time infrared radiation characteristic simulation method of aircraft skin based on the panel element method, which can help to assess the infrared radiation impacts of different environment factors and materials. A 3-D model of an aircraft was established and its surface was divided into different parts and panel element meshes to attach material properties. For each mesh, its heat exchange equation is solved so as to obtain the whole skin’s temperature and infrared radiation distribution. The simulation results reveal the influence of different factors on the skin surface radiation, including environmental radiation, aerodynamic heating and material properties. And the credibility and efficiency of the proposed aerodynamic heating simulation method were confirmed by comparing to the CFD simulation results.     

A simulation method of aircraft plumes for real-time imaging

Real-time infrared simulation technology can provide a large number of infrared images under different conditions to support the design, test and evaluation of a system having infrared imaging equipment with very low costs. By synthesizing heat transfer, infrared physics, fluid mechanics and computer graphics, a real-time infrared simulation method is proposed based on the method of characteristics to predict the infrared feature of aircraft plumes, which tries to obtain a good balance between simulation precision and computation efficiency. The temperature and pressure distribution in the under-expansion status can be rapidly solved with dynamically changing flight statuses and engine working states. And a modified C–G (Curtis–Godson) spectral band model that combines the plume streamlines with the conventional C–G spectral band model was implemented to calculate the non-uniformly distributed radiation parameters inside a plume field. The simulation result was analyzed and compared with the CFD++, which validates the credibility and efficiency of the proposed simulation method.     

发动机热喷流红外辐射计算与仿真

利用求每个小视场视线方向辐射亮度的方法计算喷流红外辐射的光谱分布。以辐射传递方程数值和形式为基础,采用Malkmus统计窄谱带模型和Curtis-Godson(CG)近似求视线方向的辐射强度。采用CFD分析软件FLUENT模拟流场和组分摩尔分数分布。建立喷流红外成像仿真模型,仿真生成了液体火箭发动机热喷流红外图像。结果表明,该方法可以很好地分辨出流场的细微结构。该模型也适用于航空发动机喷流红外辐射计算与仿真。     

Infrared radiation characteristics of liquid oxygen/kerosene rocket engine plume with different number of nozzles

A method for calculating the liquid oxygen (LOX)/kerosene rocket engine plume infrared radiation characteristics was proposed, infrared radiation characteristics of the gas oxygen/kerosene model engine were studied by simulation and experiment, and the accuracy of the method was proved. On this basis, studies on infrared spectral radiation characteristics and infrared imaging characteristics of single- and double-nozzle 120?ton thrust LOX/kerosene engine plume were carried out. It is found that, the engine nozzle number can be determined according to infrared imaging characteristics of the engine plume at the appropriate detection angle. Compared to using 2–5?µm band, the infrared radiation imager with clearer plume structure can be obtained using the spectral band such as 2.7 and 4.3?µm bands. The change in the detection angle and the increase in the engine number will have a significant effect on the infrared radiation intensity of the LOX/kerosene engine plume, but they will not change the infrared spectral radiation characteristics.     

红外探测系统的激光辐照热效应仿真分析

为研究红外探测系统受激光辐照后的热效应与二次热辐射对探测器成像的影响,使用Ansys软件对红外探测器进行热辐射仿真和有限元结构仿真;采用黑体辐射定律和DO辐射计算模型模拟计算探测器内光学系统在不同激光辐照度下的温度随时间变化情况以及探测器内部温升对靶面成像的二次热辐射干扰情况;采用热弹性力学模型仿真计算探测器内部的热应力和热变形情况。结果表明:探测器受到1.06μm激光照射,矫正镜激光辐照度在50 W/cm²时,靶面受到二次热辐照度在0.6 s时达到100μW/cm²的量级,使红外探测器达到饱和;探测器受激光辐照后系统最高温度出现在矫正镜中心处,拟合得到系统最高温度与受照时间函数关系,可预测探测器升温结构破坏;最大热变形出现在矫正镜背面中心处,由外向内形成不等附加光程差,干扰探测器的成像效果;最大热应力出现在矫正镜前面中心处,得到最大热应力与激光辐照度间的线性关系曲线,为矫正镜热应力破坏提供预测参数。     

目标表面发射率对红外辐射偏振特性的影响分析

偏振探测不仅可以获得目标的光谱、强度、偏振态以及空间几何形状等参数,还可以获得更丰富的目标信息,有利于改善对目标的探测和识别能力。红外辐射偏振成像是近年来发展起来的一种新的红外探测技术,主要通过目标与场景的红外辐射偏振特性差异进行目标探测与识别。但由于红外辐射偏振信息在传输过程中,其偏振态会受到传输介质的影响,而通常基于实验分析总结目标红外偏振特性的方法难以对偏振传输过程中的影响因素进行估计,也不能定量描述各相关参数对于红外偏振信息的影响。通过微面元理论的双向反射分布函数模型,建立了基于偏振双向反射分布函数的红外辐射偏振传输方程, 推导分析了目标表面发射率对红外辐射偏振度的影响,结果表明：目标表面发射率对目标红外偏振度影响可以忽略;在理论分析基础上,有针对性的开展红外光谱偏振探测试验,试验数据分析与理论推导结论吻合。这表明：材料表面发射率的变化不影响目标表面的红外辐射偏振度。该研究成果有利于提高红外伪装探测的目标识别效率,可为进一步提高红外偏振成像系统的伪装目标探测提供新的途径和方法,如在伪装目标探测识别中,通过探测其表面的红外辐射偏振特性的改变实现伪装目标识别探测。     

Numerical calculation of apparent IR radiation of cloud

The infrared detection has been one of important approaches for aerial target detection, but the existence of clouds in the sky makes target detection difficult, so it is of great significance to research the features of infrared radiation of clouds. Combining Mie scattering theory, the calculation model of infrared radiation on the cloud appearance was put forward and this model mainly considered two parts including direct and scattering radiation. The calculation methods of direct radiation, primary scattering and multiple scattering were discussed in detail to put forward the specific methods for numerical computation. Based on the calculation model, cumulus was taken as the example to calculate its radiation of wave band of long-wave infrared and analyze its radiation characters. The calculation results showed that: both perpendicular incidence and scattering could make great contributions to apparent radiation of cloud and could not be ignored; as for the distribution of direction angles, the radiation of clouds decreased with increase of direction angles as a whole; in the aspect of spectrum distribution, spectral radiance feature of the clouds was complicated function of wave length. Finally, the calculation results were verified using clouds imaging experiment of which the result also effectively proved the correctness of the calculation model.