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将不同脉冲数的飞秒激光作用于陶瓷材料表面,研究了线偏振和圆偏振激光对氧化锆和氧化铝陶瓷材料烧蚀阈值的影响,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了烧蚀坑表面形貌,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜确定了烧蚀坑深度.结果表明:两种材料在线偏振光下的饱和烧蚀阈值均小于在圆偏振光下的值;当偏振态相同时,氧化锆饱和烧蚀阈值小于氧化铝.随脉冲数增加,线偏振和圆偏振光下氧化锆烧蚀坑表面结构均由无序向有序发展,出现了周期性环形波纹结构和纳米孔洞阵列.与线偏振光相比,圆偏振光对烧蚀坑深度的作用更明显,且烧蚀坑表面形貌对能量密度变化比较敏感,更容易产生周期性结构. 相似文献
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由于低维材料表面上的单原子和分子具有丰富的物理化学性质,现已经成为量子器件及催化科学等领域的研究热点.单层硅烯在不同的衬底制备温度下,表现出丰富的超结构,这些超结构为实现有序的单原子或分子吸附提供了可靠的模板.利用原位硅烯薄膜制备,分子沉积,超高真空扫描隧道显微镜以及扫描隧道谱,本文研究了Ag(111)衬底上3种硅烯超结构((4×4),(■×■),(2■×2■))的电子态结构,表面功函数随超结构的变化,以及CoPc分子在这3种超结构硅烯上的吸附行为.研究结果表明,这3种超结构的硅烯具有类似的电子能带结构,且存在电子从Ag(111)衬底转移到硅烯上的可能性,从而导致硅烯的表面功函数增大,表面功函数在原子级尺度上的变化对分子的选择性吸附起着重要作用.此外,还观察到分子与硅烯的相互作用导致CoPc分子的电子结构发生对称性破缺. 相似文献
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自旋极化扫描隧道显微术是一种新兴的表面自旋分辨技术,文章主要介绍了自旋极化的扫描隧道显微镜和扫描隧道谱实现表面自旋分辨的原理以及在各种磁性表面研究中的应用,采用自旋极化技术的扫描隧道显微镜可以测量表面磁结构,其空间分辨可以达到原子尺度,分辨率超过其他磁显微技术,而自旋极化扫描隧道谱不但可以分辨空间精细磁畴结构,而且能研究表面态的交换劈裂,文章作者还进一步提出了利用自旋极化扫描隧道显微镜实现自旋注入的设想。 相似文献
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在超高真空环境下使用扫描隧道显微镜研究了吸附有双甘氨肽分子的Cu(001)表面.在一定的 偏压条件下,针尖在该表面扫描后会形成纳米尺度的Cu团簇,这些团簇可以根据意愿排列成 字母或图形.团簇的高度同偏压、隧道电流以及时间等条件有密切关系.在室温下可以稳定存 在的团簇为制造纳米器件提供了技术上的可能性.实验结果表明,形成团簇的Cu原子不是来 自Cu衬底表面或是针尖.化学吸附在Cu表面的双甘氨肽分子,受到隧道电场的作用会在Cu表 面形成张应变场,Cu亚表面自间隙原子在张应变场作用下迁移到表面是形成团簇的原因.
关键词:
扫描隧道显微镜
纳米尺度Cu团簇
自间隙原子 相似文献
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自1981年发展起来的扫描隧道效应显微镜是一种能分辨物质表面原子尺度上的结构的新仪器.下而我们从实验的角度来说明它的基本原理、技术发展和应用. 基本原理扫描隧道效应显微镜是在表面科学发展的需要下发展起来的.1978年,罗勒(H.Rohrer)在法兰克福为苏黎世的国际商用机器公司草拟开展表面科学研究的计划.当时,宾尼 相似文献
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用超高真空扫描隧道显微镜(UHV-STM)研究了室温下甘氨酸在Cu(111)表面的吸附行为.实验发现,在低覆盖度下甘氨酸分子在表面表现为二维气体.当覆盖度足够高时,甘氨酸分子最终会形成二维固相结构,为(4×8)超结构.针对这种结构提出了两种可能的结构模型,模型能够很好地解释STM图.当覆盖度介于气相和固相之间时,根据蒸镀条件和退火条件的不同,表面可能出现两种不同的中间相,一种为条纹结构,另一种为六角结构,对于中间相有待于进一步的研究
关键词:
表面吸附
甘氨酸
铜
扫描隧道显微术 相似文献
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永磁类直线阵列摇摆器的磁场计算与场形分析 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
从电磁场基本理论出发,导出了计算永磁体磁场的基本公式,在此基础上得出了二维和三维永磁体直线周期阵列摇摆器的磁场计算公式。对二维摇摆器进行了场形分析,得到了单组元永磁体直线阵列摇摆器磁场的解析表达式。用此表达式给出了六种典型的单元型摇摆器的场形公式。 相似文献
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Naiereh Elyasi Naser Boroojerdian 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2012,51(10):3160-3167
Affine metrics and their associated algebroid bundle are developed. These structures are applied to the general relativity and provide a mathematical structure for unification of gravity and electromagnetism. The final result is a field equation on the associated algebroid bundle that is similar to Einstein field equation but contains Einstein field equation and Maxwell equations simultaneously and contains a new equation that may have new results. 相似文献
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Rhenium tetramers, pentamers, and larger clusters have been formed on W(110) and examined in the field ion microscope. Tetramers and pentamers exist in different configurations, but an open, ringlike structure predominates at high temperatures. In this configuration none of the component adatoms are in nearest neighbor sites, and the atoms can be individually resolved. The mobility of these open clusters has been explored, and found to be considerably higher than that of tri mers, or of larger aggregates. 相似文献
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本文研究了纳米相和体相多晶样品La5/6Na1/6Mn0.90Fe0.10O3的结构、磁性和输运性质.XRD谱图表明两样品都是单相的钙钛矿结构.随着晶粒尺寸的减小晶粒表面处的自旋无序增多,使居里温度降低,同时使自旋相关电子在晶界处的散射增强,提高了材料电阻率.纳米粒子的尺寸效应提高了材料的低场磁电阻;晶粒表面自旋无序的增多使电子在晶粒表面的二阶隧道效应增强,提高了高场磁电阻效应.零场电阻率的拟合结果也表明晶粒尺寸的减小使自旋无序增加. 相似文献
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R.V. Coleman B. Giambattista P.K. Hansma A. Johnson W.W. McNairy C.G. Slough 《物理学进展》2013,62(6):559-644
We have used scanning tunnelling microscopes (STMs) operating at liquid helium and liquid nitrogen temperatures to image the charge-density waves (CDWs) in transition metal chalcogenides. The layer structure dichalcogenides TaSe2, TaS2, NbSe2, VSe2, TiSe2 and TiS2 have been studied including representative polytype phases such as 1T, 2H and 4Hb. Experimental results are presented for the complete range of CDW amplitudes and structures observed in these materials. In most cases both the CDW and the surface atomic structure have been simultaneously imaged. Results on the trichalcogenide NbSe3 are also included. The formation of the CDW along with the associated periodic lattice distortion gaps the Fermi surface (FS) and modifies the local density-of-states (LDOS) detected by the tunnelling process. The tunnelling microscopes have been operated mostly in the constant current mode which maps the LDOS at the position of the tunnelling tip. The relative amplitudes and profiles of the CDW superlattice and the atomic lattice have been measured and confirm on an atomic scale the CDW structures predicted by X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction. The absolute STM deflections are larger than expected for the CDW induced modifications of the LDOS above the surface and possible enhancement mechanisms are reviewed. In the 2H trigonal prismatic coordination phases the CDWs involve a relatively small charge transfer and the atomic structure dominates the STM images. In the 1T octahedral coordination phases the charge transfer is large and the CDW structure dominates the STM image with an anomalously large enhancement of the STM profile. Systematic comparison of the STM profiles with band structure and FS information is included. In the case of the 4Hb mixed coordination phases at the lowest temperatures two nearly independent CDWs form in alternate sandwiches. STM studies on 4Hb crystals with both octahedral and trigonal prismatic surface sandwiches have been carried out. The STM scans detect the relative strengths of the two CDWs as well as the interactions between the two types of CDW structure. The STM scans are also able to detect defects and domain structure in the CDW image. Several examples will be given demonstrating the potential of the STM to detect these local variations in LDOS on an atomic scale. In contrast to the layer structure crystals the linear chain compound NbSe3 shows a complex surface atomic structure as well as the formation of two CDWs. The surface atomic structure is resolved in the STM scans and profiles have detected the presence of the CDW modulation at 77K and 4.2K. These results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting CDW structure in the presence of complex atomic structure and using materials where dynamical CDW effects can also be studied by STM. The range of STM results presented here show that the STM scans are extremely sensitive to the detail of the CDW structure and its effect on the LDOS. Although much of this structure has been deduced from diffraction studies, the ability to examine the CDW structure on an atomic scale with the STM is new. The sensitivity of the STM method suggests potential applications to a wide range of electronic structures in materials. 相似文献
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We explore the intimate connection between spacetime geometry and electrodynamics. This link is already implicit in the constitutive relations between the field strengths and excitations, which are an essential part of the axiomatic structure of electromagnetism, clearly formulated via integration theory and differential forms. We review the foundations of classical electromagnetism based on charge and magnetic flux conservation, the Lorentz force and the constitutive relations. These relations introduce the conformal part of the metric and allow the study of electrodynamics for specific spacetime geometries. At the foundational level, we discuss the possibility of generalizing the vacuum constitutive relations, by relaxing the fixed conditions of homogeneity and isotropy, and by assuming that the symmetry properties of the electro-vacuum follow the spacetime isometries. The implications of this extension are briefly discussed in the context of the intimate connection between electromagnetism and the geometry (and causal structure) of spacetime. 相似文献
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Serventi S Allodi G De Renzi R Guidi G Romanò L Manfrinetti P Palenzona A Niedermayer Ch Amato A Baines Ch 《Physical review letters》2004,93(21):217003
We have measured the transverse field muon spin precession in the flux-lattice (FL) state of the two-gap superconductor MgB2 and of the electron doped compounds Mg(1-x)AlxB2 in magnetic fields up to 2.8 T. We show the effect of the two gaps on the internal field distribution in the FL, from which we determine two coherence length parameters and the doping dependence of the London penetration depth. This is an independent determination of the complex vortex structure already suggested by the STM observation of large vortices in a MgB2 single crystal. Our data agree quantitatively with STM and we thus validate a new phenomenological model for the internal fields. 相似文献